THE MICHIGAN DAILY Letters Of Slosson And Dumond Provoke Adverse Student Replies Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is, exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by mail, $4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL. AVERi.SING BY National Advertising Service, hic. College Publishers Representative 420 MADisbN AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CHICAGO ' BOSTON 'Los ANGFUtS - SAn FRA"CiSCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1939.40 Editorial Stafl Carl Petersen Elliott Maraniss Stan M. Swinton Morton L. Linder Norman A. Schorr Dennis Flanagan John N. Canavan Ann vicary Mel Fineberg Managing Editor Editorial Director . City Editor . Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor *Associate Editor Women's Editor * Sports Editor Paul R. Park Ganson P. Taggart Zenovia Skoratko . Jane Mowers . Iarriet S. 'Levy Business Staff Business Manager . . . . Asst. Business Mgr., Credit Manager Women's Business Manager Women's Advertising Manager Publications Manager . . P NIGHT EDITOR: LEONARD SCHLEIDER The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of The Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Ehghtened Opinion Can Stop Lynehig .. . CONGRESS HAS OPENED, and as us- ual the first item of legislation on the calendar is the anti-lynch bill that peren- nially makes its appearance and is passed by the House, and would be passed by the Senate too if sothern senators did not filibuster against it The Senate invariably shelves the bill after its opponents and proponents have finished their verbal tussle. Significantly, however, one point in the dis- cussion has been accepted by both sides as shown in the majority and minority reports of Congres- sional judiciary committees. Common recogni- tion is given to the fact that the most powerful preventative of lynching is enlightened public pinion, and that the considerable decline of lynchings is due to the growth of such public opinion. A general statement of this principle was given in the report of the National Confer- ence on Lynching: "It has become obvious that officers of states and counties are powerless to enforce the rules laid down for the guidance of civilized society unless their efforts are reinforced by the expression of an enlightened and effec- tive public opinion." The Southern senators contend that the Southern communities possess such an enlight- ened public opinion when they deny that the Southern communities cannot deal with the lynching problem themselves. The proponents of the anti-lynch bill argue that the Southern communities still do not pos- sess a sufficiently enlightened public opinion When they point out that in 1939 three were lynched and that, more important, five white men and twenty negroes were only saved from the hands of murderous mobs by law officers. The ultimate wisdom of an anti-lynch law re- mains contested on this question whether south- ern communities possess sufficient enlightened public opinion to cope with the lynching prob- lem themselves, the decision often resting upon whether one lives in the South or not. However,' the fundamental method to achieve a permanent end to lynching is the creation of an enlight- ened public opinion; this is the solution that both those in favor and those opposed to the anti-lynch bill are agreed upon as basic. When one views the embodied persecution of lynching in broad perspective, one sees that the problem is that of minority persecution within the sphere of a society that far transcends the restrictive limits of the South. It is the com- mon persecution of all racial, political, class, and religious minorities that exists in our Ameri- van democracy today. This persecution is im- mense, and lynching is but a small part. One therefore must wholeheartedly support the Gavi- gan anti-lynch as an instrumentality in prevent- ing in part the great minority persecution that exists, pending the creation of enlightened public opinion throughout the expanse of our American democracy But the elimination of all minority persecu- tion must be accomplished by the creation of enlightened public opinion. The two are identi- cal. Solving the general minority problem is the most fundamental and enduring anti-lynch and anti-persecution bill that can exist. A very excellent analysis of the general mi- nority problem was given by Dr. Ludwig Lew- isohn, the noted Jewish author and Zionist leader, when he spoke here last fall. Dr. T..ixann'a +fit +hP fPn(-.nn- nanntinffer.. Rid To Prof. Slosson, To The Editor: One has to respect Professor Sloson's humani- tarian attitude toward suffering peoples across the water, yet it seems that he misses the point when he criticizes various recent letters, col- umns, and editorials in The Daily on the ground that "With all our distresses we are still the wealthiest nation on earth. If we contribute nothing, where shall the starving look for aid?" Professor Slosson Jails to consider the full implications of our giving aid to foreign coun- tries at war. He evidently does not realize that our giving aid now means our officially enter- ing the war later. Or perhaps he does realize this, but believes that our duty extends that far. If he does believe this, it is apparent that he has not allowed himself to think about whatwar will do to democracy in the United States during and after the conflict-and, therefore, becauze of our intimate economic and cultural connec- tions with the rest of the world, what our en- tering the war will do to democracy in other countries. Itis around these points that all thought and discussionon our giving aid to foreign con tries should be oriented. We can assume that the majority of Americans have humanitarian characteristics to which they would like to give expression, so that we need not spend time arguing the point. An invitation is hereby extended to Professor Slosson to present (after careful analysis of past experience and comparison of it with present conditions) the consequences of this country's narticipation in war. As he does this, let Pro- fessor Slosson make an effort to overcome the limiations imposed on him as a professior-O historian, and try to include within his range of vision the dull, withal vital, discipline of ec- onomics. -Alice Brower. Hfr. O'Malley Again To the Editor: Far be it from me to desire a duel of newspaper forensics with the exam guillotine about to fall. And it is not easy to tangle with a historian of the caliber of Professor Dumond. If Fm pre- sumptuous it is, because there are issues involved which can not be settled by the bald assumption that it is America's peculiar destiny to impose morality upon the rest of the world. Mr. Usher, in defending Professor Dumond's position, accuses me of cynicism. If he is cor- rect the indictment is damning indeed; I agree thoroughly that such an attitude is negative and in its essence cowardly. But I should like to think of my position rather as the expression of a healthy skepticism coupied with a readiness to profit by the history of the last 20 years. To many of my generation that history has many GULLIVER'S CAVILS By YOUNG GULLVER LAST THURSDAY morniig Gulliver flipped over to the editorial page with a smug smile of anticipation; he looked forward to enjoying yet another of his brilliant columns. He was distinctly irritated to see that some budding newspaperman had seen fit to cut the Cavils squarely in half, so that his analysis of New America was ended, so to speak, before it had begun. It would be nice to go ahead with the discussion now and polish it off, but somehow we've lost the train of thought. Maybe another time ... * * * $ GULLIVER TOOK THINGS into his own hands the other day: he went to several libraries, took out a lot of books, went home, and read them. Actually. The point to this story is that the books had to be back by eight a.m. Now you don't usually catch Gulliver up and about before a reasonable hour. Ten a.m. we deem to be a reasonable hour. Following this precept, Gulliver has studiously avoided undertaking any obligations which would put him on the'streets before it gets light. This time Gulliver really was stuck. In the old days he could always find some sucker, a freshman or the like, who would be willing to run over to the library and drop off a book on the way to class. But not this time. So Gulliver bravely bundled up and went off to campus. The street lamps were still on, but they didn't give much light, and Gulliver would have run smack into the Rackham Building if it hadn't been for the feeble glow cast by his cigarette. In the shadows lie could discern vague forms who also seemed to be headed for campus. The most amazing feature of the whole weird business was that nobody seemed to be grumbling about the weather or anything else. They all managed to wear smiles-stiff, frozen smiles- but smiles nonetheless. One lad (who was using. an oxyacetylene torch to make his way across the diagonal) was actually humming You Are The Promised Kiss of Springtime. Gulliver salutes these hardy souls, these brave people who are willing to get up in the middle of the night to get educated. He wants to wish them good -luck in their finals. In fact, he wants to wish everybody good luck in their finals -if they know as little as Gulliver, they'll need it. minority alike, and in which the minority is al- ways the weaker and powerless competitor. Thus it appears that the creation of enlight- Atnprc nnihlii nnoinion to hlish minority nersecu- lessons: that political morality can not be super- imposed by one nation upon another; that vic- tory does not bring peace; that a stalemate in 1918 would have brought us nearer to peace than Mr. Ulrich's "scientific" treaty of Versailles, born as it was in a world torn by hatred and intol- erance. Then there would have been no need of vengeance imposed on a proud German people, of a punishment predicated upon the obsolete theory of exclusive German war guilt. Then, possibly; we could have struggled along without war debts which disrupted world economics, for two decades, or of an occupation of the Ruhr which, added to the debt problem, spelled infla- tion and collapse of the German economy. Pos- sibly the Hitler that was born of this stress might still be hanging his paper. I shall not quarrel with Mr. Usher over the descriptive adjectives to apply to Chamberlain and Daladier. Whether these men fairly repre- sent the imperialist tendencies of these two na- tions is a verdict that can be left to history. Possibly Indians who are milked annually of billions in British taxes and Riff tribesman un- der France will be happy at the discovery of some future historian that the oppression visted up- on them was not by imperialists. But I do quarrel with Mlr. Usher in his contention that we must again travel a devious route to his "scientific" Versailles. I would not seek a Utopia overnight. But I'm skeptical-or cynical, if you wish--of those pro-British advocates of in- ternational brotherhood who can look with complacence while Chinese die by the tens of thousands, while Ethiopians are rained with Italian bombs, but who are quite ready to send young Americans to die for British money bags. - Jesse O'MlNlay. What Choice Irperais Ms.? ro The Editor: Professor Dumond impresses me as the type of emotidnalist who is a delight to the hearts of the war-mongers. He is the person who, after sufficient bugle blowing, drum rolling, and pep talks," will gaze across no-man's-land, and visualie the horde of rapacious beings inhabit- ing those other trenches; overlooking their simi- larity to his own companions, and the fact that they breath the same air and are swayed by the same passions, ideals, and ambitions pertinent to all mens' quest for happiness. The effectiveness, at least, of the war-brew- ing type of ideologist must be commended, for here is an individual in whom the fruits of their efforts have persisted for 22 years. If my forefathers hadn't succeeded in their Revolution, Professor Dumond and I would both be laboring under the same empirical yoke as India. I name India because she alone, of Britain's empire has a population whose con- sumption of British goods approaches, or even surpasses the probable American consumption were we still a British possession. Loss of India is unthinkable---to the guiding minds of the Empire. India suffers most under an enforced economical domination. With these facts in mind, I read Professor Dumonds' reference to "ruthless German Im- perialism." It seems to me that German and British imperialism differ only in time and method. England started a couple of hundred years ago, and resorted almost entirely to po- litical wiles and cunning, using her armed forces as supplementary factors. On the other hand, Germany didn't get started until the 20th cen- tury, and then chose the "strong arm method" of advancing her ambitions. Now, will Professor Dumond please point out to me why I should spend my resources and blood for either of these conflicting interests? If I pass two thieves battling over some loot, which one should I 14elp? I would help neither, but would refer the case to the proper authority. At this time we have no effective world authority to police the renegade policies of nations. But, that does not -preclude the possibility of such a force. Although I deplore the theme of 'Mr. Ushers' letterof Jan. 26, I must agree with his statement that "Progress is painfully slow." True! Progress is slow, and patience in tolerating this slowness may seem to be an unattainable virtue. However, we must not be tricked into augmenting the pain and slowness by throwing our resources and manpower into the European "onflict, as the Slossons, Dumonds and Ushers would have us do! - E. J. Field, '40. Taxpayers' Relief Naval leaders who dream of a United States navy large enough to meet the combined pow- ers of all potential enemies suffered their first major rebuff in the house last week when Rep- resentative Vinson, chairman of the house naval acairs committee, made a surprise move to cut $500,000,000 from the proposed $1,300,000,000 fleet expansion program. This slash would effect only combatant ves- sels by making no appropriations for new de- stroyers and by limiting the building of war- ships to already available facilities. For naval leaders who within the last fi days have pushed proposals for a 25 per cent increase in the fleet's fighting tonnage and who have estimated United States naval needs for the next five years at an extra $2,000,000,000, the Vinson proposal is foreboding. But for the tax- payer who this year is paying more than $15 for every member of his family-the most he has ever spent for national defense-the sug- gestion is welcome. When Congress last week considered the pos- sibility of an Allied defeat in Europe and the possible necessity of the United States having to meet a combination of enemy nations, it set itself to the task of selecting its enemies. If I'd Rather Be RIGHT! - By Samuel Grafton - N THE CITY of Leipzig, on Sept. 23, 1930, three lieutenants of the Ger- man army were put on trial for high treason. The three men, Scheringer, Ludien and Wendt, were young; the oldest only 26. They had joined Herr Hitler's Nazis, it was charged, and, conspired with them to undermine the discipline of the army. * * * * That trial is of historic importance.8 It was the first trial of any Nazis on treason charges. (Occasionally they wereshauled into court and charged with""obstructing traffic" for hittingf radicals on the head, but that waso all). It reminds one, of course, of the fact that six of the 17 young "Chris- tian Front" men just arrested in Newo York for plotting against the Govern- ment are past or present members of the National Guard.a * * * So here it is Leipzig and 1930 and the Weimar Republic is about to tryE (as our American democracy is aboutF to try) an assortment of accusedf Fascist and racist conspirators withj military connections. This is theP kind of moment on which history piv- ots. Four days before the trial began, Albert Einstein, one of the wise menU of our time, poo-poohed the Fascist menace. At about the same date Thomas Mann, another towering World figure and brighter than most men, gave it as his considered opin- ion that the Nazis were "a flash in the pan." Iii 28 months Hitler was to be in power. "These are patriotic Germans!"C screamed Herr Hitler as the trial be- gan. "We are opposed to violence- we are merely preparing to defend ourselves." And in America a com- mittee to defend the 17 "Christian Front" members has been formed, on the ground that they "were merely seeing to it they wouldn't be- caught napping." "They are Americans," says Borough President. Harvey of~ Queens. "They're Christians," says Father Coughlin, as though that cir- cumstance overrode the possession of bombs. An effort is being made to create a special atmosphere in which to judge the facts. On the third day of the Leipzig trial, Adolf Hitler was called as a defense witness to prove that his movement was not subversive. He was questioned about a statement in "Mein Kampf" to the effect that "head vould roll in the sand" when he took power. Yes, he said, prole- tarians, socialists, and pacifists would be- guillotined. "But," he added with a death's-head grin, "they will be tried first; and the lives of the no- bility will be spared." He admitted he would alter the character of the state when he took power. But he would take power, he insisted, by legal means. His follow- ers, crowding the courtroom, cheered, and in the square outside they main- tained a continuous roar of "Ger- many, awake!" the current Nazi slo- gan. Chief Justice Baumgarten tried vainly to keep order. In Berlin, as Hitler's testimony was read, stocks on the Boerse dropped 6 points. * 00* * This creation of uproar and dis- order was, of course, a deliberate tac- tic, designed to create a special at- mosphere in which to judge the facts. We know this now better than any- one could know it in 1930. In Aus- tria the technique reached its height during March, 1938, when a Nazi "traveling circus" of demonstrators went from town to town, producing turmoil, so that authority would be- come craven, and Hitler would be called in "to keep order." Just so does the "Christian Front" go into the streets today to create disorder, while some of its members arm them- selves-to be "prepared" against the disorder they themselves create. It was up to Chief Justice Baumgarten, in Leipzig, in 1930, to show whether this disorder could be faced down. It was a test of the Republic and of the Justice. He flunked it. He tried to play both sides. He found the three lieu- tenants guilty of treason, on Over- whelming evidence. Then he sen- tenced them to a mere 18 months, not in prison, but in an army fort- Tress. Detention in a fortress involved no disgrace, no loss of prestige, it was traditionally reserved for quasi-pun- ishment of "honorable, crimes," and permitted considerable freedom with- in the walls, including the right to have food and drink sent in. Then the Justice took six months off the sentence for time spent awaiting the trial. "Their motives," said the Jus- tice placidly, "were of the purest, though misguided." The historic moment was over. In January of the, third following year President Hin- denburg called Htler in to form a, government in order to preserve the peace and order of the Reich, Fellowships Offered t 1 C 1 j E x Room Assignment for Final Ex- amination in German- 1, 2, 31, and 32. Saturday, February 3, 1940, 9-12 a.m. German 1 1025 A.H., Philippson, Diamond, Gaiss, Eaton, Graf , (Continued from Page 2) Students applying for eligibility cer- tificates for the second semester are reminded that they must present first semester report cards at Room 2, University Hall, in order to assure immediate receipt of their new cards. First semester eligibility certificates will be invalid after March 1. Glider Club Members: During the examination period the scheduled groups will not operate. A list will be posted on the Aeronautical En- gineering Bulletin Board in the :East Engr. Building of dates and times, that instructors will be leaving for flying. Any member may go out as often as he wishes. J-Hop Parties: Requests for dances or house parties for the J-Hop week-' end should be filed with all accom- panying detail in the Dean of Stu- dents Office on or before February 1. Wo men Students attendngithe 3-_ Hop:. Closing; hour for the night of February 9, 1940, will be 3:30 a.m. for those students attending the J-Hop, who do not attend an ap- proved organized breakfast: for those attending breakfasts approved by the Dean of Students, the closing hour will be 4:30 am. Academic Notices 25 A.H., Braun, Broadbent, Ed- wards.' 231 A.H., Striedieck, Norbury, Pott. German 2 B H.H. All sections. German 31 35 A.H., Reichart, Van Duren, Pott. B H.H., Gaiss. C H.H., Schachtsiek, Philippson, Diamond. 1035 A.H., Graf, Ryder. 301 U.H., Wahr. German 32 D H.H. All sections. Room Assignments for the English I Final Examination, Tues., Jan. 30, 2-5 p.m. Arthos, 35 A.H.; Baum, 35 A.H.; Bertram, 1035 A.H.; Boys, W. Lect. Phys.; dalver, 1035 A.H.; Eisinger, W. Lect. Phys.; Engel, W. Lect. Phys.; Giovannini, 2029 A.H.; Green, 2203 A.H.; Greenhut, 2235 A.H.; Halliday, 4003 A.H.; Hanna, 4203 A.H.; Hart, 203 U.H.; Hathaway, 229 A.H.; Helm, 18 A.H.; Helmers, 205 M.H. Martin, 205 M.H.; McCormick, 208 U.Ha.; 'Neill, 103 R.L.; Peake, 103 R.L.; Peterson, 25 A.H.; Rettger, 305 S.W.; Robertson, 2054 N.S.; Schroed- er, 2003 N.S.; Stocking, 202 W. Phys.; Taylor, 102 Ec.; Walker, 202 Ec. Wei- mer, 103 R.L.; Weisinger, 302 M.H.; Wells, 25 A.H.; Woodbridge, 25 A.H. Room Assignments for Final Exam- inations in Mathematics. (L.S. & A.) The regular classrooms' will be used except for the following classes: Math. 1, Sec. 2, 301 South Wing, Elder. Math. 1, Sec. 6, 2231 Angell Hall, Myers. (Continued on Page 5) SATARLYOAtFC1:AB19 DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN . __ ..... _ .._ I UNIVERSITY College of, SCHEDULE OF Jan. 27 to OF MICHIGAN Engineering EXAMINATIONS Feb. 7, 1940 NOTE: For courses having both lectures and quizzes, the Time of Exercise is the time of the first lecture period of the week; for courses having quizzes only, the Time of Exercise is the time of the first quiz period. Drawing and labpratory work may be continued through the exami- nation period in amount equal to that normally devoted to such work during one week. Certain courses will be examined at special periods as noted below the regular schedule. All cases of conflicts between assigned exami- nation periods should be reported for adjustment to Professor D. W. McCready, Room 3209 East Engineering Building, before January 24. To avoid misunderstandings and errors, each student should receive notification from his instructor of the time and place of his appearance in each course during the period of January 27 to February 7. No single course is permitted more than four hours of examination. No date of examination may be changed without the consent of the Classification Committee. Time Of Exercise Time of Examination (at 8 Monday, Feb. 5 8-12 (at 9 Friday, Feb. 2 4-12 (at 10 Wednesday, Jan. 31 8-12 MONDAY (at 11 Monday, Jan. 29 8-12 (at 1 Tuesday, Feb. 6 2-6 (at 2 Monday, Jan. 29 2-6 (at 3 Tuesday, Feb. 6 8712 TUESDAY (at (at (at (at (at (at (at 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 Monday, Feb. 5 Tuesday, Jan. 30 Wednesday, Jan. 31 Tuesday, Jan. 30 Wednesday, Feb. 7 Friday, Feb. 2 Thursday, Feb. 1 2-6 2-6 2-6 8-12 8-12 2-6 8-12 E.M. 1, 2; C.E. 2; German; Spanish *Saturday, Feb. 3 Surv. 1, 2, 4; French *Saturday Jan. 27 M.E. 3; Draw. 1, 2 *Thursday, Feb. 1 Met. Proc. 2, 3, 4 *Saturday, Feb. 3 Economics *Thursday, Feb. 1 Drawing 3 *Friday, Feb. 2 E.E. 2a; Physics 46 *Tuesday Feb. 6 *This may be used as an irregular period provided there flict with the regular printed schedule above. 8-12 2-6 2-0 2-6 8-12 2-6 8-12 is no con- FINAL EXAMINATION SCHEDULE First Semester, 1939-1940--Colege of Literature, Science, and the Arts REGULAR EXAMINATIONS Time of Exercise Time of Examination Mon. at 8 Mon., Feb. 5, 9-12 Mon. at 9 Fri., Feb. 2, 9-12 Mon. at 10 Wed., Jan. 31, 9-12 Mon. at 11 Mon., Jan. 29, 9-12 Mon. at 1 Tues., Feb. 6, 2-5 Mon. at 2 Mon., Jan. 29,' 2-5 Mon. at 3 Tues., Feb. 6, 9-12 Tues. at 8 Mon., Feb. 5, 2-5 Tues. at 9 Tues., Jan. 30, 2-5 Tues. at 10 Wed., Jan. 31, 2-5 Tues. at 11 'rues., Jan. 30, 9-12 Tues. at 1 Wed., Feb. 7, 9-12 Tues, at 2 Fri., Feb. 2, 2-5 Tues. at 3 Thurs., Feb. 1, 9-12 SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS Special Period No. Time of Examination Courses 1 Sat., Feb. 3, 9-12 II Sat., Feb. 3, 2-5 III Sat., Jan. 27, 2-5 IV Thurs., Feb. 1, 2-5 German 1, 2, 31, 32. Spanish 1, 2, 31, 32. Music 31. Zoology 1. Botany 1. Psychology 31. Music 1. French 1, 2, 11, 31, 32, 41, 71, 111, 112, 153. Speech 31, 32. Pol. Science 1, 2, 51, 52. IRREGULAR EXAMINATIONS English I shall be examined on Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2-5. English 30 shall be examined on Friday, Feb. 2, 9-12. Economics 51, 52, 53, and 101 shall be examined on Thursday, Feb. 1, 9-12.