Weather Partly Cloudy with Showers; Little Change in Temperature. L Si ian 4Ia itii Editorial A Newspaper Gets Another Try... VOL. L. No. 175 Z-323 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, MAY 29, 1940 PRICE FIVE CENTS FDR Appoints, Seven Experts' To Coordinate Defense Plans William Knudsen Named. Director Of Finished Product Manufacture In Expansion Program Increased Taxat ion Is Seen By Officials WASHINGTON, May 28. -(P)- President Roosevelt named a Na- tional Defense Commission of seven, drawn from government, business and labor, today to gear the nation to top-speed production of planes, en- gines, guns and other defense imple- ments. To this commission he appointed: Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., chair- man of United States Steel, to have charge of the delivery of industrial materials to the plants which pro- duce the finished product. William S. Knudsen, president of General Motors, to supervise the pro- duction of the finished product. Sidney Hillman, president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers, to attend to labor and supervise employ- ment problems in general. Davis Is Appointed Chester C. Davis, of the Federal Reserve Board, to see to farm pro- ducts both for domestic use and for export. Ralph Budd, chairman of the Bur- lington Railroad, to supervise trans- portation problems. Leon Henderson, of the Securities Commission, to keep track of price trends in an effort to avoid any un- due increase in the cost of living. Miss Harriet Ellott, dean of women at the University of North Carolina, to advise on consumer problems. Income Tax Raised At the same time, word was passed on Capitol Hill that Congressional leaders had agreed tentatively on an income "super-tax," amounting to 10 per cent of present income taxes, and an increase in levies on beer, liquor, tobacco, gasoline and other items to finance the huge defense program. Earlier in the day, the President and prominent members of Con- gress had agreed to ask for enact- ment of new defense taxes yielding $3,000,000,000 or more in the next five years, and to request that the existing $45,000,000,000 limit on the national debt be raised to $48,000,- 000,000. It was disclosed that under the plan, $3,000,000,000 of "national defense obligations" would be float- ed, to be paid off in five years. Officials Undecided The officials did not decide at that time what form the new taxes should take but later conferences brought forth word that the bill probably would include the new income tax, applicable on 1940 incomes of in- dividuals and corporations. A tax- payer who would pay $1,000 under present law would find his tax bill raised to $1,100 under the new law. Commission Member WILLIAM S. KNUDSEN Congress Asks Exam Papers For Libraries Old exams, old exams! What good are old examination papers? Con- gress, Independent Men's Associa-; tion, has the idea that a file of old examination papers would come in very handy to students in studying for their exams this and next week. A final call was issued yesterday for these old exam papers, by Richard Shuey, '42E, in charge of the files for Congress. The purpose of the examination .is to provide old final papers for the collections in the general library and in the engineering library, so that students may make use of them for study purposes. Faculty and students are asked to contribute copies of old examinations, either typewritten or in longhand. These may be donated at any University library. Congress will then re-type them and distribute several copies to the general and en- gineering libraries. The orginal pa- pers will be returned if requested. Shuey explained that many in- dependent students can be benefited by having a series of examination papers in the libraries, much as the fraternities and sororities have for the use of their members. One fraternity, according to Shuey, has loaned its exam files so that Congress may make copies of them for the libraries. Instructors are especially urged to submit old final exam papers. At present the general library contains no examinations for later than the year 1937. The engineering library has no examination files whatso- ever. "If the students can cooperate by getting in as many papers as soon as possible," Shuey explained, "it would greatly aid those students who have to study for early finals on Saturday and Monday." Prayer Called Key To Peace By Dickinson Sigma Rno Tau Presents State's Chief Executive At Annual Tung Oil Fete Governor I Named Honorary Mener More than 200 persons at Sigma Rho Tau's 11th annual Tung Oil Banquet in the League last night heard Gov. Luren D. Dickinson de- clare that "only an appeal to the Almighty for wisdom and aid can keep the United States out of war." "If the leaders of the various war- ring nations of Europevcould have met together and gone to God for en- lightenment and direction there would exist no conflict at all today," he claimed. The whole trouble with society to-1 day, Governor Dickinson continued, is the absence of religious feelings and ideas. For example, he said, our1 great problem in Lansing to appro- priate and collect monies to solve the problems of crime and insanity has grown more and more serious as peo- ple have thrown off religion. In the building of America, he, pointed out, it was so easy to be- come rich and strong that we disre- garded our faiths. Now we are suf- fering for our misdeed and must re- turn to God. Governor Dickinson was intro- duced by President Ruthven who praised his work in trying to make people more conscious of God. "I firmly believe that religion is essen- tial in education and that no edu- cation is complete without it," Presi- dent Ruthven asserted. After his address Governor Dickin- son was appointed honorary mem- ber of Sigma Rho Tau by C. Newton Hagar, '40E, of Westfield, N.J. Prof. A. D. Moore of the electrical engineering department carried off top honors in the faculty impromptu speaking contest and was presented with the Tung Oil Crown by Richard E. Townsend of the chemical engin- eering department, last year's winner' The other contestants were Dr. Ed- ward W. Blakeman, student religious adviser; Prof. Jesse E. Thornton of the engineering English department; Prof. Henry L. Kohler of the mech- anical engineering department, and Prof. Robert H. Sherlock of the civil engineering department. Rotary To Hear Speech Students Four Will Discuss War, Third Term For FDR Students of the University Speech Department will address members of the Rotary Club at noon today in the Union. Two questions will be discussed by the students for the pur- pose of showing student opinion on controversial subjects to Rotarians. John Cory, '41, and Walter Sco- ville, '40, will speak on the topic, "Should the United States actively participate in the present war?" The second question, "Should Pres- ident Roosevelt be reelected?"; will be discussed by Edward Martin, '40, who will talk for the third term and by Ward Quaal, '41, who will speak against the President'ยง reelection. The program will not be in the form of a debate, but rather a dis- cussion of student views. More Ita la s Are Mobilized As Nazis Gain, Ford Says 1,000 Planes Daily Is Potential Production Capacity Only Six Months Needed To Reach Output Level; Aviators' Aid Necessary Frenich, B ritish NationalsI Hindered In From Italian Departure Districts Pro ress Is Claimed By French In 'Tremendous' Rescue Drive; 0 Ial Drws Nearer Intervention1 ROME, May 29. (Wednesday)-(P) -Civilians began taking over some >osts left by men called to arms to- ay, as the Belgian collapse on thel orthern front heightened Italy's war 'ervor and made active Italian inter- ention appear to be only a questionr f days. Young Fascists served as traffic >olice, and helmeted women and irls of Rome were seen in uniforms stride motorcycles equipped for an- ;i-air raid duties. At the same time the Italian press ndicated that any chance the French nd British ever had of obtaining :otninued Italian non-belligerency by .laxing their blockade probably had :een lost. Reports Of Demonstrations Spain returned to Italian head- ines with reports of anti-English lemonstrations, together with re- ninders that Spain might see a Ihance now to recover Gibraltar. The doors for unrestricted depart- ire from Italy were closed tonight >n British and French nationals in what some observers took for another tep toward war. The government also announced 'olunteers were being recruited into i parachute corps, with technique >orrowed from the German troops :Dropped behind combat lines. British and French who sought in- formation about the length of time reauired before they could obtain visas were informed those details were ot yet available. Mussolini Suspected There was speculation as to wheth- er Premier Mussolini might have in- fluenced King Leopold's surrender through King Vittorio Emanuele of taly. The King is thesfather-in- law of Princess Maria Jose, sister of LeopoldUandrwife of Italian Crown Prince Umberto. Some observers suggested that Italy might be holding off entry in- to the war to see what effect the Belgian surrender would have on the British and French defense. Clark To Lead VarsityGolfers Sophomore From Illinois To Captain Linksmen By WOODY BLOCK Michigan's golf team continued to break tradition yesterday as they chose a sophomore Goodwin Clark, Jr., '42, of Hinsdale, Ill., to captain next year's squad. Clark succeeds Bob Palmer, Grand Rapids senior who also was elected Wolverine leader in his sophomore year and reelected last fall. The captain-elect didn't break in- to the varsity lineup until the In- diana match which the Wolverines won, 13-11. He replaced Jack Emery who was unable to make the trip, and from then on Clark was a regular member of Coach Courtright's start- ing team. Entered in the singles matches, Clark swept six points, launching his collegiate career in an auspicious manner. Two days later the slender sophomore fired a sub-par 71 at (Continued on Page 3) Schachtman, Hyma Debate Tomorro Two approaches to America's at- titude toward the European conflic will be discussed at 7:45 p.m. tomor- day at the Masonic Temple when Ma Schachtman, national secretary of thi DETROIT, May 28. --(P)- Henry Ford, life-long opponent of war in any form, said today that much as he hated war, "if it became necessary the Ford Motor Company could- with the counsel of men like Lind- bergh and Rickenbacker, under our own supervision and without med- dling by government agencies- swing into the production of a thou- sand airplanes of standard design a day." It would take about six months under those conditions, he said in an interview, to reach that level of production., Of Standard Design "Of course," he emphasized, "they would have to be of standard design; equally important would be freedom of action on our own part, so that we would not have the handicaps of red tape that slowed down produc- tion during the World War." Ford said he was convinced the War Secretary Gives Rebuttal To Hoover Talk National Defense Neglected By Republicans In Past, Louis Johnson Claims WASHINGTON, May 28. -(/P)- Accusing past Republican adminis- trations of neglecting national de- fense, Louis Johnson, Assistant Sec- retary of War, said tonight that the Roosevelt Administration would carry out its preparedness program "free from politics and partisanship." He labelled his speech, prepared for radio delivery (9:30 p.m., EST., NBC) as a rebuttal to what he termed former President Hoover's "reply" last night to President Roosevelt's Sun- day night Fireside Chat. Contrasting United States defenses at the end of the Hoover adminis- tration with those of the Roosevelt regime, Johnson declared that "our responsible leaders" from 1922 to 1933 "did nothing to awaken Ameri- ca to its dangers." "They offered no concrete pro- gram to strengthen our national de- fense," he said. "Far worse, they kept right on reducing our army and weakening our navy, and pointing with pride to their saving of a few pennies here and there. At the direct order of President Hoover the Marine ,Corps became but a shadow of de- fense. Saving, indeed, at the ex- pense of national insurance!" present conflict in Europe would not last very long "because the United States won't get into it." "Don't misunderstand me," he said. "A lot df pressure is being brought to push us into it and there is real danger in enormous 'defensive' armament, but I am confident we can keep out of it." It was suggested to Ford that "a thousand planes a day is an enor- mous volume of production." "So was 10,000 motorcars a day, but we did it; so was the production of one eagle boat a day during the World War, but we did it. Inciden- tally, we would have reached the level of one submarine chaser a day much sooner but for a certain amount of red tape that had to be contended with." "Still, planes present a different problem," the interviewer persisted. "How?" Ford asked. "Well, we don't know as much about planes as we do about motor- cars and farm tractors." Assembly Problem "That's exactly why I say we need the counsel of men who know avia- tion and that we must not be dic- tated to by men who haven't kept up-to-date in airplane design and operation," came the reply. "The manufacture of airplanes-if agree- ment is had upon just what is wanted-becomes simply an assem- bly problem." Of the proposals for an enormous "defensive armament" program, Ford said: "One of the things we must re- member is that preparedness for defense is also preparedness for war: and with tremendous so-called 'de- fensive armament,' we are in just the position the war-makers want us to be, in order to be pushed into a. conflict in which we should have no part-pushed in by an insidious middle group that are fighting nei- ther Germany nor England, but get- ting them to fight each other solely that this group might profit finan- cially. "The real 'fifth columnists' in this country are these financial interests that make money out of war, prop- agate it and peddle propaganda." Nazis Continue Blows Against Trapped Army Imminent Disaster Seen Because, Of Collapse Of Leopold's Armies The French reported progress last (Tuesday) night in a tremendous do-or-die offensive from the south to rescue Allied forces facing immi- nent disaster as a result of the Bel- gian army's surrender "almost in its entirety" to Adolf Hitler. In the north the Germans ham- mered away just as furiously to swing shut the door and finish off quickly the 700,000 hapless British and French forces being battered closer and closer to the English Channel or encircled within a Ger- man trap. Admitting the situation to be "very difficult" but proclaiming unflagging determination to fight on, the French hurled their might in the southern fighting against the Germans from the region of the Somme. Allied Generalissimo Maxime Wey- gand poised another force of up- wards of a half million men along the Aisne to the east to join the concentrated assault upon which de- pends the outcome of the Battle of Flanders. War Planes Aid HouSe PaSSeS Navy Bill For Aviation Expansion WASHINGTON, May 28. --(P)- By a vote of 402 to 1, the House passed and sent to the Senate today a bill authorizing a $1,137,000,000 ex- pansion of the Navy's air force and of its system of aviation bases. The lone dissenting vote was cast by Representative Marcantonio (A.L.- N.Y.), who has objected that the current armaments program tends toward involvement in war abroad. The bill carries no funds (actual appropriations being left for later measures) but it sets the minimum of navy planes at 10,000 and the num- ber of pilots at 16,000. The con- struction and expansion of a far- flung system of naval air bases, auth- orized by the legislation, would ccst approximately $144,132,000. Earlier the chamber, with Marcan- tonio alone dissenting and 400 mem- bers voting "aye," passed legislation to speed up construction of warships by permitting the Navy to slash through what was called "red tape." Under this bill, which now goes to the Senate, the competitive bidding system would be replaced by negoti- ated contracts. Contracts up to $25,- 000 would be exempt from the present law's provision limiting profits to 10 per cent. Certain labor regulations Student Drives Tractor; Student Lands In Clink Spring and the exuberance of youth landed a university student in the police station last night when he was arrested for driving a borrowed trac- tor parked conveniently near the West Quadrangle. The student, whose name could not be obtained, was apprehended after his somewhat jerky maneuvers had drawn a large crowd of cramming students from their textbooks. Ann Arbor police were attracted by the crowd and the driver was then taken to the station house where his trac- tor-driving qualifications were in- vestigated. He was released pend- ing further investigation. tJ 4 r J G, Distribution Of 'Ensian Is Slated For Saturday Students who have purchased the 1940 edition of the Michiganensian will be able to obtain their copies of the year book beginning at 10 a.m. Saturday, Lenton Sculthorp, '40, man- aging editor announced yesterday. Distribution will continue until 5 p.m. Saturday in the Student Pub- lications Building, Sculthorp added. In addition, he said, copies of the 'Ensian will be distributed from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday and Tuesday at the same place. Backing up the ground forces, clouds of British and French war- planes rained their burden on the German lines of communications. Both Allied and German sources said General Weygand must throw the full force of his power into the Allied offensive within 36 hours or lose not only the trapped forces but risk a German -thrust in the Rethel area. Rethel is 95 miles northeast of Paris, and a German drive there might cut under the Maginot Line to Reims and Paris. A French War Ministry spokes- man said that 300,000 Belgian troops, representing the main force of the little country's 18 fighting divisions, quit in response to King Leopold .III's unconditional surrender. This blow, the Allies admitted, was paralleled in severity only by the collapse of the army of General An- :re Coraps in the battle of the Meuse. which let the gates open for the German army to streak across Northern France to the Channel. Leopold Disowned The refugee Belgian government in Paris "disown d" Leopold and announced it would rganize its own army to fight at the side of the Allies. The prospects were slim, however, for the Belgian governmiient has only a mass of refugees, mostly women and children and but little manpower, to draw from. King Leopold, whose father, King Albert, fought with the Allies throughout the World War, was in effect deposed by the action of the Belgian government in Paris, which declared: "The guilt of one man cannot be imputed to the entire nation. The King has broken the constitution and placed himself under the power of the invader . . . consequently he is no longer able to govern." While the streets of Paris rang with the cry of "treason!" at the news of King Leopold's capitulation, t Prime Minister Winston Churchill t told a cheering House of Common in London that the Allies will press their fight with "full vigor." f Germans Retreat SFromNarvik Area U.S. Democracy Endangered If Nazis Win, Slosson S gays The World We Make' To Play Second Performance Toiii nht The Dramatic Season's third and most enthusiastically received pro- duction, "The World We Make", will play its second performance at 8:30 p.m. today in the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre. Because of an extraordinary de- mand for seats, tickets will be avail- able for an extra matinee at 3:15 p.m. on Friday, as well as for afternoon performances Thursday and Satur- day, and evenings throughout the run to Saturday. At the end of the tenth curtain call at last night's opening a capacity audience was still calling for the auithor. lthon h Sydney Kingsley. By EDMUND GROSSBERG Danger to the United States in the event of a German victory in the present European struggle lies not so much in a direct attack as indirect penetration, Prof. Preston W. Slosson declared in a special lecture in the Natural Science Auditorium yester- day. A German victory at this time, he explained, would create a panic in this country resulting in an eco- nomic depression and a frantic effort to arm on the European scale which would cause the income tax to be raised from its present level of about 4 per cent to 25 per cent or above. Our democratic institutions would be endangered by the spread of fas- cism, he added, because the people of the United States might lose faith in the ability of their lone democracy to resist the military and economic penetration of the fascist states. onies in Africa, regions in the Bal- kans, as well as retention of the ter- ritories already conquered in the event of a German victory, he said. On the other hand Professor Slos- son felt that an Allied victory might well mean another map-making en- terprise similar to Versailles and the establishment of a stronger form o the League of Nations with the pos- sibility of a European federation o the smaller states not too remote. Regardless of who wins the war a world-wide depression which will have its affect on the United State: seems to be in the offing, he con- tinued. Because of the difficulties of main- taining control over conquered peo- ples and an almost inevitable Ger- man-Russian clash, Professor Slosso expressed the belief that a Germa: victory would not represent an im- mediate military threat to this coun [1 ri STOCKHOLM, May 28. --(P)- Norwegian and Allied troops were reported tonight to have occupied part of the ruined city of Narvik in a fierce attack as the Germans re- treated along the iron ore railroad to Sweden, destroying everything of military value. Swedish newspaper correspondents at the border declared the Germans were concentrating their defenses rn ""s I