THE MICHIGAN DAILY
DAILY
i .
rG Y is -i.- - -
Edited and managed by students of the University of
Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications.
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CHICAGO * OSTON' LOS ANGELES - SAN FRANCISCO
Member, Associated Collegiale Press, 1939-40
tan M. Swinton
Dorton L. Linder
rorman A. Schorr
Tennis Flanagan
ohn N. Canavan
knn Vicary
del Fineberg
Editorial Staff
. .
Business Stafff
Managing Editor
Editorial Director
City Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editorv
Women's Editor
Sports Editor
New Lighting
In Main Library . .
A S A RESULT of the consistent at-
tention drawn to poor lighting.
facilities in many of the study halls about
campus by the Technic and The Daily, -the
administration during spring vacation installed
a new lighting system in the main floor reading
room of the Main Library.
This move to preserve the health and eye-
sight of students is indeed appreciated by the
students and savings from it will be far above
the initial cost of installation. But we must
not stop here. Other study hall lighting systems
are just as much in need of improvement as was
the main floor room of the Library before
vacation and the cry for better lights should
not cease until these other rooms, notably the
Natural Science Reading Room and the Med-
ical Library are also equipped with improved
facilities.
--Elizabeth M. Shaw
i1f DITORg 0c
To the Editor:
The following is a letter we have addressed
to Prof. P. W. Slosson.
April 15, 1940
Dear Professor Slosson:
Shortly before vacation you took issue with
our organization regarding the Russo-Finnish
war. We believe that the Finnish war held
tremendous significance for the Scandinavian
people, for the peoples of all small countries.
Indeed the American people, and more par-
ticularly 'the youth who do the dying in time
of war, have been greatly concerned about that
war. We are desirous of having the fullest pub-
lic discussion possible so that students and fac-
ulty on this campus may have an opportunity
to hear and weigh the argument on either
side.
We propose, therefore, that you debate with
a speaker we have selected on the question:
Resolved, That the sovereignty of the small
countries of Europe is better secured by closer
cooperation with the Soviet Union. The speaker
who will take the affirmative side of this ques-
tion is E. R. Multila, District Organizer of the
Finnish Workers Federation of Ohio-Michigan-
Illinois. We suggest that a fair and mutually
respected person, the Managing Editor of the
Michigan Daily chair and spossor this debate.
We await your reply, and hope that you will
agree with us that this procedure is the most
democratic and honest way by which this con-
troversial issue can be brought squarely before
the campus.
Sincerely yours,
Executive Committee, YCL
usiress Manager .
st. Business Mgr., Credit Manager
'omen's Business Manager
omen's Advertising Manager
ablications Manager
I
Paul R. Park
Ganson P. Taggart
Zenovia Skoratko
Jane Mowers
Earriet S. Levy
NIGHT EDITOR: KARL KESSLER
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members o The Daily
staff and represent the views of the writers
only.
Northern War:
Imperialist Blood-Bath
fIRIM AND BITTER is the news from
t Europe these cdays. Following the
inexorable logic of war and war strategy, hos-
tiljties have been extended northward, bringing
death and destruction to the peoples and homes
of Norway and Denmark, and threatening to
involve all the other European neutrals.
To the Norwegian and Danish peoples, whose
most intense wish since the outbreak of war
between the Allies and Germany has been to
remain neutral and at peace, we offer our sin-
cere sympathy. Their lands have become the
battlefields for the war with which they wished
to have nothing to do. Helpless before the
fLr4chinations and intrigues of the rival warring
camps they now face the prospect of furnish-'
ing a new front for the imperialist blood-bath.
FOR AMERICANS the Scandinavian develop-
ments are significant in that they throw
into sharp relief the nature of the war. Espe-
cially do they give the lie to the propaganda
here that the British and French Allies are
waging the good fight for democracy and free-
dom and the preservation of small nations.
For the spread of the war to Scandinavia has
unmistakably established the predatory pur-
poses and intentions of both beligerents. The
responsibility for the extension of the war into
the north is the joint responsibility of both sides.
The underlying military strategy of the Allies
was to create a front of action against Germany
other than the French frontier. The fact that
the search for this front meant the inevitable
infringement of the rights of neutrals, and call-
ed forth counter-measures apparently meant as
little to the Allied war lords as did the fate
of Spain, Austria and Czechoslovakia when the
main strategy was appeasement. And it is with
these callous militarists that we are asked to
stake our lives and resources.
The most important lesson of the Scandina-
vian adventure is the hard fact that the spread
of the war to neutral nations is inevitable from
the nature of the war itelf. In September
ewe characterized this war as an imperialist war,
a struggle not in behalf of small nations or
democracy, but for markets and colonies. It
was contended that so long as the war raged
there was the ever-present likelihood that it
would be extended to all the nations of the
world. It was further stated that the main
danger to American involvement came from
the efforts of the Administration and other
forces in this country to enlist our support for
the Allies. Today both of these statements
stand-verified by fact . and experience. The
President has moved definitely into the war
orbit: and the first casualty of this maneuver
was the living standards of the American peo-
ple as expressed in a higher cost of living, and
the curtailment of relief appropriations. We
will next be asked to offer our lives.
THERE IS, however, a new and significant
force in America. After eight months of
the Europeanwar,athe peace forces in the
country are emerging in an organized and
effective manner, ready to fight against the
step-by-step process leading to the breakdown
of our neutrality and our eventual entrance
into the war. The American people have be-
gun to realize that this is not our war, and they
are giving expression to that thought in a
thousand ways: in the fight against profiteer-
ing; in their opposition to war loans and cred-
its; in their fight against arms expansion, and
Of ALL Things...
.... ByMortg-Q ... .
R. Q. could have predicted that something
big would happen in Europe last week, but
never thought of it. It's not so much that Mr. Q.
has the inside dope on the progress of that
war-although, as you very well know, he has-
but this time, he could have used a much better
and more reliable criterion. Invariably, when-
ever the last Daily has been run off on the
morning before a vacation, it is a go-ahead
signal for any kind of big news to pop. So, by'
the time The Daily starts publishing again;
every newspaper, magazine or pamphlet in the
country has had the story for days.
There are, however, two consoling features
to this latest episode. The first is that not one
word was printed yesterday in the editorial
columns on the Scandinavian situation, which
you will have to admit is a commendable show
of restraint. The other retributive feature was
the Leland Stowe story that was run complete
in yesterday's issue. This is perhaps the finest
behind-the-scenes story ever to skim through
an underseas cable and, together with his work
in Helsinki a few months back, should set up
the Chicago Daily News correspondent as a
cinch for Pulitzer Prize honors. If any of you
missed his story of the intrigue and treason
which lay behind the German occupation of
Norway, make sure you see a copy of The Daily
for yesterday. It's worth saving. Fifty years
from now you can show it to the little kiddies;
who will take off their gas masks and put down
their guns long enough to see how it was in
the good old days.
A SHORT TIME AGO, Mr. Q. told a little
tale about cooperation and how the French
-and the Germans weren't too mad at each other
to cooperate where business and industry were
concerned. But now up comes another story
that's even better. This too concerns a border
situation on the western front. Itt seems that
a German power plant was supplying electrical
current for a French village, and when they
discovered that they were bitter enemies, the
Germans, of course, turned off the juice. The
French were a little put out because of this,
since they didn't have a very good supply of
candles. So, just to persuade the Germans
that they had acted a little hastily, they wheeled
a gun up to the front and sent a couple of
shells screaming over the village. And before
they could say: "Peace, it's wonderful!" the
power was resumed and everybody was lit
again.
Then, a few months later, apparently Der
Fuehrer decided that, unless the French vil-
lage had their bulbs in the shape of a swastika,
it was no go. So off went the power again. The
French groped around in the (lark and once
more located their gun, which again banged a
few shells and, lo, there was light. A short time
ago, the French village was peacefully going
about its own business when the lights went
out again. This time they got a little mad,
and they were just about to let them have it,
when a message came over to this effect: "The
plant has broken down. Please be patient for
a couple of hours."
THIS next bit has been kicking around for
some time, but maybe a few of you haven't
gotten around to it yet. It concerns a few
allegorical definitions and goes something like
this:
SOCIALISM: If you have two cows, you give
one to your neighbor.
COMMUNISM: If you have two cows, you
give them to the government, and the govern-
ment then gives you some of the milk if you
behave yourself.
FASCISM: If you have two cows, you keep
the cows and give the milk to the government;
then the government sells you some of the milk.
NEW-DEALISM: If you have two cows, you
are expected to shoot one and milk the other,
then pour the milk down the drain, after which
the government may decide to pay you for not
producing any milk.
NAZISM: If you hale two cows, the govern-
ment shoots you and keeps the cows.
CAPITALISM: If you have two cows, you
sell one and buy a bull.
FROM this week's New Yorker, Mr. Q. has a-
few notes that are worth repeating. For
those of you whose state loyalties have made
you reluctant to read anything that smacks
of that city-slicker state, Mr. Q. should like to
assure you that there isn't a magazine on the
market that can touch it for consistently good
stories, cartoons and features. And, as for
their marvelous sense of humor, well, try and
find something to beat it. Anyhow, here's one
of their little notes:
"Then with a scalp brush.scrub the scalp
with the soap solution. Rinse with warm
water and repeat the washing and rinsing
until the hair and scalp and the soap has
completely disappeared."-Watertown (N.
Y.) Mirror.
Then you'll know you're getting some-
where.
$10,000,000 for Denmark; and $1,000,000 for
Iceland.
Viewing the possibility that these credits may
never be disbursed, one official of the Bank
said, "We save a lot of money, don't we?"
BEAUTEOUS EVIE ROBERTS, wife of the
secretary of the Democratic National Com-
mittee, came up to handsome Tom Dewey at a
reception the other day and said:
11T',,-. f RohQrt1'tGT couldn't ot anvone to
By S. R. WALLACE
Dr. Sidney Moskowitz, '36, psy-
chologist at the Jackson state pri-
son, sounded the keynote of his
institution's policy when he told 90
University of Michigan criminology
students recently that, unlike the
Gilbert and Sulilvan Mikado who
accented making "the punishment
fit the crime," he believes in reha-
bilitation of prisoners and progres-
ive methods in this direction. But
nevertheless, throughout explana-
tory lectures and a tour, which is
undertaken annually, the students
noted problems still obstructing ma-
terialization of this ideal.
Walking in twos, warned against
straggling, staring or pointing, the
group passed through the largest
single ecell block in the world, a,
unit housing 520 men. Each cell is
equipped with hot and cold running
water (another unique feature of
the prison), a radio if the inmate
can afford it, and personally ap-
plied decorations similar to any col-
lege dormitory. However, the point
is not the comparative comfort in
which these men serve time; it is
he segregation allowed by the sin-
ale-cell system that has replaced
the four and six men to a cell. a
situation breeding temperament and
sex problems.
Guards Are Inadequate
The latter, it was indicated, is
aot yet solved, for with 5000 acres
of land belonging to and being work-
ed by the prison on the outside, and
with 57 acres of factories, cells,
recreation grounds within, the 5600
men incarcerated cannot be under
eternal supervision, at least not with
the present facilities. The guards
are inadequate in number, the stu-
lents were given to understand. And
just how vital a problem sex becomes
was illustrated forcefully by a dem-
onstration of murderous weapons'
made from bed springs, shop tools
and the like, and used by older con-
victs to force the uninitiated into
sodomy.
Continuing the tour the student
group left the cell block and entp=Cd
into an inner yard bordered on one
side by 12-block, the quarters for
mentally-deranged inmates, on the
other by low sprawling factories.
Both sides represent unsolved prob-
lems.
According to law a mentally-irre-
sponsible person may not be sent to
prison. But according to Dr. Mos-
kowitz, they are being sent nonethe-
less. Besides the senile and "stir-
crazy" inmates of those quarters
to the left, there is a percentage of
men who enter the prison with un-
stable minds. Once committed to
Jackson, either through negligence
or malice in their home court, it is
often impossible to transfer them
to mental institutions which are al-
ready overcrowded.
The factories on the right providel
employment for a good many con-
victs; employment is a prime requi-
site of rehabilitation. But there is
not enough work for all, and unem-
ployment behind bars is a serious
problem. While the prison is en-
tirely self - providing, producing
clothes, food. its own electricity, and
otherwise functioning as a complete
community, it is prohibited by law
from competing with private indus-
tries (except in binder-twine which
has to be imported into the United
States). The Hawes-Cooper Act of
1934 forbade the transportation of
prison-made goods across the state
lfine, and the Munshaw Act forbade
the sale of goods on the open mar-
ket.
Measures Were Necessary
Although these measures were
necessary to protect private enter-
prise, since labor costs of 10c to
25c a day in the prison lower pro-
duction costs beyond any danger of
outside competition, there were no
substitutes provided. Authorities are
at a loss to keep the entire prison
population busy all of the time. Un-
til the chapel auditorium was built
recently, where shows and concerts
are occasionally given, susicide was
a common thing.
In 1937, however, the most ambi-
'uios progressive measure was inau-
gurated, the new classification sys-
tem. It provides for pre-sentence
investigation after conviction, and
if probation or a suspended sentence
is denied the convicted man, he is
sent to a prison receiving station
and classified for final destination.
Marquette takes the behavior prob-
lems and the incorrigibles; the re-
formatories get the young and im-
mature; Jackson gets the rest, drug
addicts, thieves, sex degenerates,
murderers. It makes no difference
if it is a man's first offense-if he
is beyond a certain age limit he is
prohibited from the reformatories
and relegated to a place among the
many dangerous men at Jackson. No
segregation has as yet been provided
for this type of the uninitiated, and
according to Dr. Moskowitz regula-
tion is sorely needed.
Upon his arrival at the designated
prison the prisoner goes through a
thirty-day quarantine period in
which he is "mugged"-photograph-
ed-fingerprinted, examined thor-
oughly by a physician and dentist,
interviewedaby a sociologist, a'psy-
chologist and a psychiatrist. All in-
formation volunteered in the inter-
views is checked. After this period
there is a general conference of de-
partment heads for the purpose of
assigning the prisoner to the work
for which he is best suited, or to
the training course he requires. The
type of custody-maximum, close,
medium, or minimum-he is to un-
dergo is also decided.
A progress report on the prisoner
that may recommend return for re-
Jackson Psychologist Presents
PRISON REFORM PROBLEN
rI
adjustment after he has been an
inmate for some time concludes the
classification.
However, as Dr. Moskowitz pointed
out, although in theory there is
adequate preparation for making a
decision as to how a man will spend
10 or 20 years, or the rest of his life,
there is exactly one psychiatrist and
one psychologist in Jackson prison
for 5600 men. And with the 8,000
new men registered in three years,
the amount of time each man re-
ceives from either of these experts
may be considered hardly adequate.
One of the most criticized features
of the modern penal systems was
defended by Dr. Moskowitz in Jack-
son's treatment of it-the parole
mechanism. Three years ago revi-
sions were made. in the parole pro-
cedure making it more difficult to
win parole and thus narrowing the
chances of dangerous men being re-
leased. Three University of Mich-
igan graduates-Ross Pascoe, John
Eliasohn, and Gerald Bush-are now
-erving on the board which takes
into consideration comments from
the parole applicant's sentencing
judge, comments from his prosecu-
tor, a recommendation from the
warden, the report of the behavior
clinic and the recommendation of
the classification committee. All this
^omes before the actualuhearing
wvhich, if the applicant is successful,
is followed by a month in, parole
school before actual release.
Intelligent Direction Involved
Throughout this complicated ma-
-hinery of parole, however, there is
one obvious condition involved in its
uccessful administration, and that
s intelligent direction.
Dr. David Phillips, who has been
psychiatrist in Jackson prison for
25 years, made the most of the op-
portunity to lecture to a college
group when he proposed that, as
almost a blanket solution for most
prison problems, more college train-
ed men enter the various fields in
penal work. Those problems which
are a question of more funds, or
more intelligently, used funds, he
delegated to the taxpayers, who al-
ready pay $15,000 to $20,000 a day,
to solve with a more active intrest
in penal legislation. But those that
involve intelligence in manipulation
like parole board seats, classification
positions, prison procedure adminis-
tration, he laid to the door of men
in universities today.
Considering that penal work in
this state already cost 112 to 2 mil-
lion dollars a year, the field besides
being comparatively open in all its
branches, promises to be a lucrative
one as well to college graduates.
And the advantages of abolishing
incompetent or politically favored
jobholders in the prison systems
will prove of inestimable value to
progress therein.
"111
DrewPe8?O ft
Sand~
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
E "..
4
PRIVATELY, the Norwegian Government
wishes that U.S. diplomat Daisy Harriman
were not such a speedy worker. Within a few
minutes after she was told by the Norwegian
Foreign Minister, "We are at war with Ger-
many," Mrs. Harriman had the message on
the wires to the State Department.
Now that message threatens to cost the Nor-
wegians ten million dollars.
What the Norse did not foresee was that such
a statement was tantamount to a declaration
of war, which. automatically invokes the U.S.
neutrality act, immediately embargoes credits to
Norway, and prevents their getting the ten
million dollars already pledged to Norway by
the Export-Import Bank.
THE MESSAGE from Minister Harriman came
through in the small hours of Monday
morning, April 8, and ever since, the State
Department and White House have been de-
bating whether or not to invoke the neutrality
act.
Actually they would like to hold off, in order
to let Norway get the credits. So it is explained
that the statement cabled by Mrs. Harriman,
"We are at war," was a first-blush statement
to which Norway does not want to be held. This
is the point stressed by the Norwegian Minister
in Washington.
In the case of Finland the neutrality act never
was invoked, and U.S. credits continued to move.
But Finland made no declaration of war, apd
Roosevelt avoided finding "that a state of war
exists."
In the case of Finland, also, Roosevelt knew
that he had public opinion behind him. But
the case of Norway is different. Its invasion
is not isolated, like the Russo-Finnish conflict,
but clearly is a part of the major operations
between the Allies and Germany. To withhold-
application of the neutrality act might be re-
garded as a flagrant connivance, arousing the
indignation of the Hiram Johnson isolationists.
MEANTIME, the Export-Import Bank is hold-
ing a total of $56,000,000, previously com-
(Continued from Page 2)
for the May Festival concerts is now
in progress at the School of Music
on Maynard Street. A limited num-
ber of odds and ends are still avail-
able, and will be disposed of in order
of application.
800 Union Life Memberships Are
Now Ready to Be Given Out: All men
students who have completed the
equivalent of four years of academic
work at the University of Michigan,
paying full tuition each year, may
now obtain their Life Membership
pins from the Michigan Union by
presenting their tuition receipt for
the current semester at the Union
Business Office.
The Business Office is open Mon-
day through Friday from 8 a.m. un-
til 5 p.m.
Prospective Applicants for the
Combined Curricula: The final date
for filing of applications for admis-
sion to the various combined curricula
for September, 1940, is April 20. Ap-
plication forms may be filled out in
Room 1210 Angell Hall. Medical
students should please note that ap-
plication for admission to the Medi-
cal School is not application for ad-
mission to the Combined Curriculum.
A separate application should be
made out for the consideration of
the Committee on Combined Curric-
ula.
The University Bureau of Appoint-
ments and Occupational Informa-
tion has received notice of the fol-
lowing Civil Service examinations.
The last date for filing application
is noted :
UNITED STATES:
Student Nurse, St. Elizabeths Hos-
pital, for appointment*in Washing-
ton, D. C. only, April 29.
Associate Metallurgist (Recov-
ery), salary $3,200, May 13.
Associate Metallurgist (Physical),
salary $3,200, May 13.
Assistant Metallurgist (Recovery),
salary $2,600, May 13.
Assistant Metallurgist (Physical)
tion (Electrical), salary $2,600, April
22.
Senior Inspector, Ship tonstrue-
tion (Mechanical), salary $2,600,
April 22.
Inspector, Shi p Construction
(Hulls), salary $2,000, April 22.
Inspector, Ship Construction (Elec-
trical), salary $2,000, April 22.
Inspector, Ship Construction (Me-
chanical), salary $2,000, April 22.
MICHIGAN
Educational Stenographer Execu-
tive I, salary range $150-190, April 20.
Institution Baker B, salary range
$105-125, April 20.
Cartographic Engineering Drafts-
man A2, entrance salary $115, April
20.
Cartographic Engineering Drafts-
man Al, entrance salary $140, April
20.
Cartographic Engineer I, entrance
salary $150, April 20.
Attendant Nurse C2, salary range
$75-100, April 26.
The City of Flint, Michigan an-
nounces an examination to be given
for Public 'Health' Nurse. Salary.
range: $1,320-1,740. Starting salary:
$125.00 per month. Local residence
waived. Applications accepted until
further notice.
Complete announcements on file at
the University Bureau of Appoint-
ments and Occupational Information,
201 Mason Hall. Office hours: 9-12
and 2-4.
Concerts
Graduation Recital: Italo Frajola,
violinist, will give a graduation reci-
tal in partial fulfillment for the re-
quirements for the Bachelor of Ms-
ic degree, this evening at 8:15
o'clock, at the School of Music Audi-
torium. Piano accompaniments will
be played by Kathleen Rinck of Ann
Arbor. The public is invited to at-
tend.
Glee Club Concert: The University
of Michigan Glee Club, David Mat-
tern, Conductor, John Secrist, Asso-
ciate Conductor, and Jack Osse-
waarde, accompanist, will give a
t mYn 9att-.Q t..-. T1, . _
tin, organist, of Y'uma, Colorado,
will give a recital in Hill Auditor-
ium, Thursday afternoon, at 4:15
o'clock in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Bachelor of
Music degree. The public is imited
to attend.
Exhibition
There will be an exhibit of the
etchings of the late Dr. Warren P.
Lombard, and a retrospective exhibit
of the paintings of Horatio W. Shaw,
pupil of the American artist, Thom-
as Eakins, in Alumni Memorial Hall,
beginning' Friday, April 19 and end-
ing May 3.
The gallery will be open from 2-5
every day, including Sundays. A
preview of the exhibits for members
of the Ann Arbor Art Association
will be held in Alumni Memorial
Hall on Thursday evening, April 18,
at 8:00 p.m.
Lectures
University Lecture: Dr. Miles D.
Pirnie, Director of the W. K. Kellogg
Bird Sanctuary at Battle Creek,
Michigan, will lecture on "Birds of
Sanctuary and Wilderness" under the
auspices of the Department of Geog-
raphy at 4:15 p.m. on Thursday,
April 18, in the Amphitheatre of
the Rackham Building. The public
is cordially invited.
Carnegie Lectures: Dr. Carlos Del-
gado de Carvalho, Professor of Soci-
ology in the Colegio Pedro II and Pro-
fessor of the Geography of Brazil in
the University of Brazil, the Visiting
Carnegie Professor, will be in resi-
dence at the University of Michigan
from April 15 to May 10.
The following series of lectures has
been arranged under the auspices of
the Division of the Social Sciences:
"An Outline of the Economic His-
tory of Brazil" today at 4:15 p.m.,
Rackham Amphitheatre.
"Problems- of Race Mixture and
White Acclimatization in Brazil" on
Tuesday, April 23, 4:15 p.m., Rack-
ham d.ifhf-n