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FRIDAY; MARCH 22, 1940

TH MTGlT AN DXTlY

I F A ( - E S IEN ",'


PAGE SEThN

Union To Hold
Male - Female
BridgeMatch
Fraternity, Sorority Ice
Carnival Cup Winners
Are Presented Awards
As part of the bridge activities of
the Union under the guidance of
Harold Singer, '41, a special "He-She"
tournament will be conducted tomor-
row afternoon in the Union Building.
The contest will be held to determine
the relative merits of the male and
female abilities at bridge.
Next Saturday will witness the re-I
turn match between the members of
the University Club representing the
faculty and students selected from
players in the regular Tuesday night
sessions. The match will be a grudge
battle on the part of the students, the
faculty having won the first meeting
several weeks ago.
The gold caps for the winners of
the Ice Carnival were formally pre-
sented yesterday to the fraternity and,
sorority recipients. Gamma Phi Beta
took the women's award and Phi Kap-
pa Psi, the fraternity prize. Charles
Heinen head of the event, announced,
that after tabulation, the carnival
was a financial success.
Plans are complete for Prof. James
K. Pollock's talk on government and
politics as a career, to be given under
the auspices of the Union next Wed-
nesday. Robert Ulrich, '41, and Dick
Strain, '42, are in charge. The event
will be held at 7:30 in the small ball-
room of the Union.
The second annual Bunny Hop, un-
der the direction of Doug Gould, '41,
will be given Saturday as a special
dance.
Sinai Speaks At Penn
Prof. Nathan Sinai, of the hygiene
and public health department, is
speaking today at the University of
Pennsylvania on "Dental Econom-
ics." This lecture is one of a series
arranged by the medical and dental
schools of the University on eco-
nomic problems in medicine and
dentistry.

Habits, Results Of Frustrations,
May Become Fixations In Rats

Adult Education lAt Last TheoryA bout The Weather

Group To Hear
WX J d a I ' A

Repeated Failures Cause
Abnormalities In Rats,
Dr. Maier Discovers
By PAUL CHANDLER
Frustration-a life spent in failure
--can cause rats to develop habits
that quickly become abnormal fixa-
tions, Prof. Norman R. F. Maier, of
the psychology department, and 1939j
winner of a $1,000 research prize from
the American Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, has now dis-
covered.
In human beings abnormal fixa-
tions are such things as vague fears1
of the darkness and the feeling by an
individual that he is being persecut-
ed.
Fixations Revealed In Rats
In rats these fixations are revealed
by the animals' doing the thing which
brings them the least satisfaction-
even though experience should have
taught them better.
Dr. Maier's experiments were con-
ducted through the means of the
Lashley apparatus. In this device
the rats jump at two cards, marked
differently. One of the choices brings
an award, usually food, and the other
leads to failure or punishment. By
interchanging the pattern of the
cards it is possible to produce situa-
tions which will bring the rats only
repeated failure.
Just a year ago Dr. Maier learned
that repeated frustration could put
the rats into a neurotic state, similar
to a nervous breakdown in humans.
His paper describing that experiment
was awarded the $1,000 prize by the
A.A.A.S. Now the Michigan psy-
chologist has discovered that repeated
failures to achieve a desired end also
result in abnormal fixations.
Get In Trouble
"These frustrated rats persist in a
mode of behavior that is wrong, and
which gets them into trouble and
punishment," Dr. Maier explained.
"All of their experience should have
taught them to act differently, but it
seems to have no effect once they
have become fixated."
"Abnormal fixations" are habits

which do not follow normal psycho- VV .JiIna11 j un0 U
logical laws of learning. In normal
behavior it would be possible for the
rats to build up many unsatisfactory 'Dr. Willia Lyon PIielps
habits, but the habits would be elim- Unable To Speak Here-'
inated when failure resulted. In the ,
Dr. Maier's experiments the rats con- Mrs. Fisher 'N i Apper
tinued to choose the wrong card,
even when it failed to bring them the,, eet Starts r] 1 29
food they sought, and when it result-
ed in a fall of several feet into a
net. Unforeseen events have made it im-
Human Fixation possible for Dr. William Lyon Phelps,
Kleptomaniacs, persons who persist professor emeritus of English at Yale
in stealing, are examples of humans University, to attend the Eighth An-
who continue in a line of behavior nual Adult Education Institute con-
that punishment does not halt. An vening April 29 to May 3 in Ann
individual who washes his hands Arbor, Dr. Charles A. Fiher, di:ector
many times a day, even though he of the Extension Service, announced
knows they are not dirty, is also yesterday.
governed by an abnormal fixation. Judge Filcrence Alln, only woman
Dr. Maier has concluded that the judge on the U.S. Circuit Court of
fixations in the rats are "abnormal" Appeals, and Mrs. Frederick Fisher,
because they were produced in situ- wife of the late Bishop Fisher of De-
ations where it would be impossible troit who was also at one time pastor
for normal learning to have any of the First Methodist Churciu here,
effect, and because attempts to re- are among the speakers who will sub-
place the fixations by an alternative stitute for Dr. Phelps.
response resulted in failure. Although they have not indicated
Dr. Maier's experiments are being their subjects. Judge Allen is expected
financed by a grant from the Markel to talk on the constitution, and Mrs.
Foundation, of New York City. Fisher will probably recount her ex-
--periences abroad. Other speakers
have been invited, but definite confir-
XW illiams io Speak mation of their appearance here has
" ~not been received.j
TaThe Institute will consier contem-
porary political, economic and liter-
"M Day Plans," will be the topie of ary developments on the American
an address by Prof. Mentor L. Wil-. scene. More than 25 authorities will
liams of the English department at a take part in the sessions which are
meeting of the Michigan Anti-War sponsored jointly by ihe Extension
Committee at 8 p.m. Wednesday at Service and the Michigan State Fed-
the Union, John Huston, '41, com- eration of Women's Clubs.
sellor of the Committee, announced "Great Books of 1939" to be re-
yesterday. The public is invited to viewed at the conference include "The
attend. Grapes of Wrath," "inside Asia,'
Professor Williams will speak on "America in Midpassa.." "The Revo-
plans for the regimentation of the lution of Nihilism" and "Knowledge
youth and industry of the United For What."
States if and when we go to war, Modern American domestic prob-
Huston stated. The talk Wednesday lems will come under the scrutiny of
is part of the educational program the Institute. Among these are eco-
sponsored by the Committee designed nomic and social significance of the
to give the campus a view of both the falling birth rate, the farm problem,
foreign and domestic problems the labor's objectives and Plums of
American people would suffer if this Plenty or Grapes of Wrath."
country becomes involved in war, he In regard to American foreign pol-
added. icy, the Institute will hear discus-
sions by noted authorities on the
national defense policy of the U.S.,
the U.S. and the Far East, the repeal
of the embargo and its consequences
aTISIN G the Latin-American or "Good
Neighbor" policy. Special attention
will be given to the countries of Mex-
ico, Brazil and Argentina.
MISCELLANEOUS-20 Analyses of contemorary world
figures will include such notables as
BEN THE TAILOR--More money for President Roosevelt, General Chiana
Kai-Shek, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Fit
your clothes. Open evenings. ler and Neville Chamberlain.
122 E. Washington. 329________
WISE Real Estate Dealers: Run list- Tapin Will Concide
ings of your vacant houses in The
Daily for summer visiting profes- U.P. Alumni Tour Today
sors. Dial 23-24-1 for special A meeting with the University of
rates. Michigan Club of Escanaba today
will conclude T. Hawley Tapping's
HELP WA NTED tour of alumni groups in the Upper
SUM2NER WORK Peninsula.
SedUpr e a iRegent J. Joseph Herbert, Manis-
Spend a profitable and interesting tique, will also attend. Tapping, gen-
summer as agent for the Fuller Brush eral secretary of the Alumni Asso-
Co. Limited number of openings, in ciation, will advise with the club
excellent territories are available, about its 10 year project: assistance
Contact John H. Oesch, 712 Oakland, to the summer forestry camp on
5635 after 10 p.m. 340 Golden near Iron River.

By MALCOLM HUNGER conscious, Professor Belknap re-
"Ann Arbor weather is like the pro- marked.
v rbial wcman," Prof. Ralph L. Bel- I The distinguishing charactkristic
knap of the geology department ob- of the weather in this region is that.
served yesterday. "It is fickle and it is "subject to change withopt no-
nothing can be done about it." tice," he commented. "Whether to}
With people so busy talking about march down the campus togged in a
war and national politics, weather raincoat or panama hat is a problem
has been taking a back seat as the continually confronting students and
favorite topic for conversation; but faculty."
exposed several weeks to alternate Sudden changes in weather and
rain, slush, ice and snow, Ann Arbor- fluctuations in temperature are pecul-
ites have had occasion to become iar to this latitude with the excep-
a little-more-than-usually weather tion of the coastal areas, Professor

Belknap said. These frequent oscilla-
tions are due to the abundance of cy-
clones and anti-cyclones (warm and
cold fronts) in this area,. he pointed
out.
The cold air masses originate in
northwestern Canada ad swoop
downward across the midwestern
United States, but winters in southern
Michigan tend to be milder than those
in Ohio and Indiana because of the
modifying influence of the two Great
Lakes between which we are situated,
Professor Belknap explained.

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CLASSIFIED ADVEI

THE MICHIGAN DAILY
CLASSI FI ED
ADVERTISIN#G
RATES
Effective as of February 14, 1939
12c per reading line (in basis of
five average words to line) for one
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10c per reading line for three or
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Minimum of 3 lines per inser-
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These low rates are on the basis
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you to call at our offices to make
payment, a messenger will be sent
to pick up your ad at a slight extra
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For further information call
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Street.
RADIO and
MICHIGAN Cabs
Phones
3030 or 7000
READ THE DAILY CLASSIFIEDS

TRANSPORTATION- 21
TRANSPORTATION HOME : You
can find a ride home very econom-
ically by inserting a Ride Ad into
The Daily. Find passengers for
your car or seek your ride now.
15 words for 36c. Dial 23-24-1 now!
WASHED SAND AND GRAVEL -
Driveway gravel, washed pebbles.
Killins Gravel Company. Phone
7112. 131

LAUNDERING -9

LAUNDRY - 2-1044. Sox darned.
Careful work at low prices. 16
TYPING-18
TYPING-Experienced. Miss Allen,
408 S. Fifth Ave. Phone 2-2935 or
2-1416. 34
WANTED -TO BUY-4
HIGHEST CASH PRICE paid for
your discarded wearing apparel.
Claude Brown, 512 S. Main Street.
146
STRAYED, LOST, FOUND - i
LOST-Gray billfold containing val-
uables,. Reward if returned intact.
Phone Janet Unruh, 4089 341
LOST-Kappa Alpha Theta Pin,
March 9th. Name on back. Call
Mary Major, 2-4561. Reward. 342

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M E E T M E A T P R E K E T E S

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y/
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