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THE MICHIGAN DAILY


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Edited and managed by students of the University cf
Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of
Student Publications..
Published every' morning except Monday during the
University year and Summer Session.
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Board of
Managing Editor. .
Editorial Director . .
City Editor . .
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Book Editor .
Women's Editor.
SportsEditor .

Editors
. Robert D. Mitchell
* . Albert P. May1o
. Horace W. Gilmore
. Robert I. Fitzhenry
* . S. R. Kleiman
Robert Perman
Earl Gilman
* . William Elvin
Joseph Freedman
Joseph Gies
Dorothea Staebler
Bud Benjamin

Business D
Business Manager. .
Credit Manager . .
Advertising Manager
Women's Business Manager
Women's Service Manager .

Department
Philip W. Buchen
Leonard P. Siegelman
* William L. Newnan
. . Helen Jean Dean
. . Marian A. Baxter


NIGHT EDITOR: NORMAN A. SCHORR
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members of the Daily
staff and represent the views of the writers
only.
Iiranumna And
The Anti-Communist Pact
T HE APPOINTMENT of Baron Kiir-
T, cho Hiranumna as head of the Jap-
anese ministry furnishes an indication that
Japan will lean even more toward fascist ideology
than she has formerly. Hiranumna is a member
of the Nationalist party seeking the creation
of a uni-party state and a more authoritarian
government. Now that he holds an important
position in the state, the solidarity of Italy,
Germany and Japan, as symbolized by the anti-
Communist Pact, is likely to be strengthened.
Modern Japan has of course always been
sympathetic to the policies of the other two
signers of the pact. The ultra-patriotic military
element has admired the emphasis on armed
might, the hatred of Communism and the coa
ercive methods used to insure "national unity"
in the Nazi and Fascist states. And although
talk of a "Jewish menace" in Japan is obviously
ridiculous, Foreign Minister Hirota, to add an-
other tie to Rome and Berlin, has declared him-
self to be cognizant of the danger of "Jewish
thought." ,
Nipponese culture up to the present has not
permitted the complete emulation of fascist tac-
tics. There is no one all-powerful party dominat-
ing mass thought and action; the government
had no need of emotional propaganda to insure
the loyalty of its citizenry. Paternalism is the
keynote of Japanese authoritarianism. The old
idea of obedience and loyalty to the family has
pervaded both military and industrial life. The
Chinese campaign, however, has increased the
need for a renewed faith on the part of the people
in the ruling class.
There are strong economic ties between Ger-
many and Japan. Germany has been granted
certain trade privileges and is obtaining a
steadily increasing market there. Although
Japan, in recent years, has reduced her imports
from other countries by nearly 45 per cent, the
purchase of German goods continues unim-
paired.
During the first- part of the Sino-Japanese
conflict, Germany, because of commercial in-
terests in China, sent military aid to both sides
and maintained a military mission in China. Dur-
ing the Spring of 1938, however, Hitler declared
himself definitely on the side of Japan and re-
called the mission, cutting down the sale of
munitions to China.
With the ideological and economic ties be-
tween the three countries so strong and with
the new regime in Japan, it is more than likely
that the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis will play an
increasingly important part in world politics.
Especially since the military might of Japan
provides an ever-present threat that forces the
Soviet Union to split her armed strength.
-June Harris
TN EATRE
By HARVEY SWADOS
The Art Cinema League finished up the first

You of
NOTES and FOOTNOTES
By Sec Terry
THERE'S something of H. T. Webster's "Timid
Soul" in all of us, and lurking somewhere
within that timidity is an impish urge to discard
dignity, release suppressed impulses and indulge
for a few glorious moments in a hooligan's holi-
day. Like arising in the midst of a baleful, sleep-
inducing lecture, announcing with stentorian
conviction the incompatibility of hard benches
and verbal anaesthesia, and then walking proudly
out of the hall. The best off-hand illustration
we know was Charles Laughton's magnificent
"bit" in a picture called "If I Had A Million."
An insignificant clerk with a caspar milquetoast
soul, Laughton suddenly and unexpectedly falls
heir to a million dollars. Upon receipt of news
of his good fortune, he carefully places his desk
in order, picks up his coat and hat, and with an
unchanged, expressionless mien, walks through a
labryinth of offices until he reaches the sanctum
sanctorum of his employer. He enters without
knocking, and greets his livid-faced boss with
the most, magnificent razzberry we have ever
seen or heard. It was an inspiring sight, and the
little bespectacled gent seated between us and a
large woman on his right was almost ousted from
the theater for standing and applauding at
length Mr. Laughton's delicious Bronx farewell.
All of this leads us merely to the story which
Ken McCarran insists actually happened in
Judge Tuttle's courtroom in Detroit, and so we
pass it on, hoping to catch something of the
humor contained in Ken's illustrated version of
it.
It seems that a lawyer was on trial for dealing
in spurious stocks, and requested permission to
argue his own case, which was granted. He faced
the empty witness chair, in the traditional ques-
tion-answer manner, and asked:
Q-What is your name?-
(He then jumped into the witness chair
quickly and answered).
A-Joe Moutpeece.
(He resumed the interrogator's posi-
tion).
Q-How old are you?
A- 45.
(Back on the floor as inquisitor).
Q--What is your occupation?
(Seated as a witness again).
A-I'm a lawyer.
(Now he was on his feet).
Q-Now what about these stocks or'
bonds that I understand you're supposed
to be mixed up with?
(The lawyer-witness jumped into the
chair, and with a surprised look on his
face, answered).
Ar-Wl o, me?
At this juncture, Judge Tuttle clamped a-five-
day sentence on the ingenious lawyer. He spent'
Christmas contemplating behind bars the urge
that impelled him to mock a time-honored
courtroom procedure.
THE TITLE of this paragraph should be: "How
to Gauge a Dictator's Next Move," or "Who's
Next." At any rate, tipsters cataloguing every
sign for advance information have found a new
one. When Col. Josef Beck, the Polish foreig
minister, visited the German dictator at Berch-
tesgaden the other day, they watched Hitler
come to the foot of the front stairs to greet him,
and then noted closely when the meeting was
over that Der Fuehrer accompanied his guesi
back to the front porch again. Remembering Kurt
Schuschnigg's call at the same joint last Febru-
ary, when Hitler bade him what must have been
a \stony guten tag at the door of the very room
in which they talked, and the Austrian chancel-
lor left with his country's death sentence, the
European touts immediately divined that Beck
now bears the torch for the Reich, his affections
for the Soviets having pffft.
OFF THE CUFF: California's new governor and,
senator, Culbert Olson and Sheridan
Downey respectively, are members of Michigan's
huge family of alumni . . . Larry Allen reports

the pathetic plight of two students who struggled
for an hour with a new I-M locker before they
discovered the numbers they had been using
referred to the date and not the combination .
Carlton Peterson holds no brief for John Stein-
beck's beautiful Salinas valley, which was the
locale of "Of Mice and Men," among others, for
he spent part of the recent holiday in a Salinas'
clink for exceeding the speed limits in a car.
which already had almost been demolished in a
wreck . . . Vic Heyliger was in town Saturday,
with two black eyes, suffered in one of those,
ungentle melees of amateur hockey in Detroit
. . the ex-Michigan ace plays for the Holz-
baugh-Ford six, and got smacked across the
bridge of his nose in a game against Niagara
Falls, an outfit led by Smack Allen, the fiery
redhead who provoked considerable anguish
among Michigan opponents last season
everybody on earth learned to love everybody
else. This is very fine; the only trick is to teach
Morgan, Krupp, Vickers and all their touts the
meaning of love. The soldiers helped to end the
World War by refusing to fight in a number
of countries. This is a fairly sensible solution
which is not mentioned in The Four Horsemen.
The four horsemen are conquest, war, pesti-
lence and death. They are represented by four
gruesome fiends riding around on horseback, and
are pretty effective. Valentino is quite good
mainly because he is almost too handsome to
be real; however, the women didn't swoon Sun-
day the way they used to fifteen years ago.
Valentino is a rich slacker, but finally decides to
help end the war by going to fight for France.
If this is anti-war stuff, I am a Prussian officer.
However, the picture was made a few years
sftpr the wa. nei f, Amnn.-raa- - -1,- ,

A Liberal Manifesto
(Editor's Note: This is the third of three articles
on Liberalism by a member of the Daily staff.)
By JACK CANAVAN
IS NOT MAN justified in giving up his liberty
if by so doing he achieves security? Any
affirmative answer to this question rests upon
a false premise. This fallacy, the second great
threat to Liberalism, holds that man may pur-
chase economic security by bartering away his
freedom.
In Europe, this was the great hope, born of
despair, which swept the dictators into powere.
But the Terror which engulfed the totalitarian
regimes demonstrated that the individual sacri-
ficed his freedom on the altar of promised secur-
ity, only to find that the security of a full stom-
ach, when and if attained, had been offset by the
insecurity of life itself. The GPU and the Ges-
tapo, the firing squad and the concentration
camp, the Blood Purge and massacres consti-
tuted a greater threat to security than the de-
pression.
The greed for wealth and power into which the
governing "self interest" of capitalist economy
sometimes deteriorates appears to run rampant
in collectivist societies. The classless society
visioned by Marx has failed to materialize. An
aristocracy of power has replaced the aristocracy
of wealth in the planned economy, for someone
must direct the plan. And because the new aristo-
crats are as greedy as the old, because collectiv-
ism can impose no legal restraint on its masters,
because they are not gifted with infallible judg-
ment nor divine omniscience, which overhead
planning of a machine economy demands, they
have brought neither security nor plenty to the
masses.
So Liberalism, although its promise has failed
to materialize, is still the lesser evil in the world
today. A rebirth of Liberalism demands, however,
that it be more than simply the lesser evil in a
world of evils. As long as misery and economic
insecurity accompany liberty, the task of Liberal-
ism is an unfinished one. And all reforms com-
patible with individual freedom and sound econ-
omy policy are in order.
The question naturally arises as to what con-
stitutes sound economic policy in a society as
complex as ours. This is a problem which eco-
nomists have yet to solve, but the weight of
authority points toward removal of obstacles
which are jamming the automatic controls of
price, profits and competition-a movement
away from monopoly an privilege toward true
laissez-faire.
For true laisez-faire, the economic foundation
of Liberalism, has yet to be given a fair trial in
America. It is not, as many have misconceived
it, a policy of "devil take the hindmost," nor, as
practiced, a system under which the government
grants legal privileges to one group which are
denied to another. It is rather, as Adam Smith
phrased it, the theory that the individual (or
business unit) must be free to pursue his wel-
fare in his own way "as long as he does not violate
the laws of justice." It held that out of the clash-
ing interests of primitive society, man's natural
sense of justice, fortified by law, could produce
a harmony of interests. That these principles
have been violated by the very force designed
to uphold them is evident in the role which
government has intermittently played in the
American scene since 1870.
The ideology of Liberalism, then, is not
"rugged individualism" but the Golden Rule.
As such, it presupposes a social conscience and
combined sacrifice to feed, cloth, house and
educate victims of shifts which are bound to
occur in a progressing economy. Freedom must
mean more than the freedom to starve. But Lib-
eralism holds that in the end the welfare of the
group can be achieved not through a paternal
state, but only through the justice, reason and
tolerance of free individuals.
If America is to strengthen and defend this
Liberal heritage against the totalitarian threat,
it must obviously wield other weapons than the
sword. Rearmament may repel the threat from
abroad, but it can hardly repel the threat from
within. And decay can kill as surely as the sword
+1-.----. r . .A ,+ . r.

'Neutrality'

TUESDAY, JAN. 10, 1939
VOL. XLIX. No. '76

Social Welfare ..........
Miscellaneous ..........

4 37
.8 3

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the
University. Copy received at the ofce of the Assistant to the President
until 3:30; 11 :00 a.m. on Saturday.

100 100
The foregoing classifications repre-
sent a grouping of what the National
Industrial Conference Board has put
into eight classes. For the year 1929,
the Conference Board has classified
government expenses under general
government, protection, education,
highways, public utilities, economic
development, social welfare and mis-
cellaneous. It seemed to this writer
that highways, public utilities such
as rivers and harbor improvements
come properly under the general
heading of "economic development,"
where such items as reclamation and
agricultural expenses already had
been placed.
The item "protection." as the Con-
ference Board used it for 1929, was
applied to all national defense and
veterans' expenses, and all interest
on war debt; in fact, all items grow-
ing out of past wars or elated to
peparation for future wars.
It will be seen from the above that
the biggest item nowadays in the
federal budget is not national defense
or "protection," but "social welfare,"
even after one has included under the
"protection" function such items as
the Civilian Conservation Corps and
the new national defense appropria-
tions.
But the largest classification -
social welfare-takes in items which
were not even talked of in 1929, such
as social security, which by itself
amounts to about one-third of the
social welfare category or nearly 12
per cent of the total burget.
The five major totals in the 1940
budget, when one includes the interest
on public debt under "protection,"
line up as follows:
General Government . . $1,018,253,900
Protection ............3,193,625,900
Economic Development 1,279,543,000
Social Welfare3.......3,396,726,400
Miscellaneous including debt
retirement) .......207,514,000
$9,295,663,200
Under general government are
grouped such items as the expenses
of the legislative and executive agen-
cies and the regular supplemental
appropriation.
Under protection are army and
navy,veterans' benefits, civilian con-
servation corps and thie expense in
carrying the public debt, which last
item is about the same now as in 1929
due to the fact that higher interest
rates and large debt retirements were
the rule at that time.
County Medical Society

TODAY in
WASH INGTON
-by David Lawrence
WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 - When
President Roosevelt transmitted to
Congress the other day a $9,000,000,-
000 budget, few people realized indeedI
the figures were not classified to show,
just how the federal government
divides up its expenses as compared
with a pre-depression year like 1929.
The total budget is, of course.
larger, but the proportions allocated
to different government functions
show a decided change in character.
Here is a table worked out from the
official figures by this correspondent
which shows what the new budget is
to be spent for, on a percentage basis,
as compared with the same classifi-
cation for the fiscal year 1929:
1929 1940
General Government .... 16.9 11
Protection .............. 60.7 35
Economic Development .. 17.6 14

Apparatus Exchange: The Regents
at their meeimg in Marcn, 1927, au-
thorized an arrangement for the sale
of scientific apperatus by one de-
partment to another, the proceeds of
the sale to be credited to the budget
account of the department from
which the apparatus is transferred.
Departments having apparatus
which is not in active use are advised
to send description thereof to the
University Chemistry Store, of which
Prof. R. J. Carney is director. The
Chemistry store headquarters are in
Room 223 Chemistry Building. An
effort will be made to sell the ap-
paratus to other departments which
are likely to be able to use it. In
some instances the apparatus may be
sent to the University Chemistry
store on consignment and if it is not
sold within a reasonable time, it will
be returned to the department from
which it was received. The object
of this arrangement is to promote
economy by reducing the amount of
unused apparatus. It is hoped that
departments having such apparatus
will realize the advantage to them-
selves and to the University in avail-
ing themselves of this opportunity.
Shirley W. Smith..
Student Loans: There will be a
meeting of the Committee on Stu-
dent Loans in Room 2, University
Hall on Tuesday afternoon, Jan. 17
at which time loans will be consid-
ered for the second semester. Ap-
pointments should be made in ad-
vance.
Notice to Men Students: For the
information of men students living
in approved rooming houses, the first
semester shall end on Thursday, Feo.
( 9, and the second semester shall be-
gin on the same day.
Students living in approved room-
ing houses, who intend to move to
different quarters for the second
semester, should give notice in writ-
ing to the Dean of Students before
4:30 on Thursday, Jan. 19, 1939. Per-
mission to move will be given only to
students complying with this re-
quirement.
Women students who wish to
change their residence at the end of
the present semester must notify
their househeads by Monday noon,
Jan. 16.
Seniors: College of L.S. and A.,
School of Education, School of For-
estryand Conservation, and School
of Music; Tenative lists of seniors
have been posted on the bulletin
board in Room 4, U.Hall. If your
name does not appear, or, if included
there, it is not correctly spelled, please
notify the counter cerk.
Choral Union Members: Members
of the Choral Union in good standing
will be given admission tickets for1
the Josef Hofmann concert Tuesday,
Jan. 10, between the hours of 10 and
12, and 1 and 4, at the Recorder's
Office, School of Music. After 47
o'clock no tickets will be given out.
Members are required to call in per-
son.
The Robert Owen Cooperative House
is accepting applications for mem-
bership. Membership blanks can be
obtained at the Dean of Students
Office, Room 2, University Hall or
at the Robert Owen Cooperative
House at 922 S. State St.3
Academic Notices
Junior and Senior Engineers: Those
of you who attend General Harris'
lecture on War Times Industrial Or-
ganization will be excused from class,
1 to 2 p.m., Wednesday Jan. 11.
Alfred H. Lovell, Ass't Dean.
Political Science 52. Makeup exam-
inations will begiven in 2037 Angell
Hall Tuesday and Wednesday after-
noons, Jan. 10 and 11, at 2 p.m.

Tabulating Practice 103: The 2
o'clock and 3 o'clock sections will
meet with the 4 o'clock section in
Lecture Room No. 1 Rackham Bldg.
There will be a sound motion pic-
ture on Tabulating Machines.
Notice to Students Planning to do"
Directed Teaching: Students expect-
ing to do dircted teaching the second
semester are requested to secure as-
signments in Room 2442 University
Elementary School on Thursday,
Jan. 12, according to the following
schedule:
9:00, Latin, Mathematics; French,
German.
10:00, Science, fine arts, commer-
cilsubjects.
11:00, English, Speech.
1:30, Social Studies.
Assignments are made in the order
of application.
Reading Examinations in French:
Candidates for the degree of Ph.D.
in the departments listed below who
wish to satisfy the requirement of a
reading knowledge during the current
academic year, 1938-39, are informed

requirement at the earliest possible
date. A brief statement of the nature
of the requirement, which will be
found helpful, may be obtained at the
office of the Department, and fur-
ther inquiries may be addressed to
Mr. L. F. Dow (100 R.L., Tuesdays
and Thursdays at 9 and by appoint-
ment).
This announcement applies only to
candidates in the following 'depart-
ments: Ancient and Modern Lan-
uages and Literatures, History, Ec-
nomics, Sociology, Political Science,
Philosophy, Education, Speech, Jour-
ialism, Fine Arts, Business Admin-
stration.
Concerts
Choral Union Concert. Josef Hof-
mann, pianist, will give a concert in
the Choral Union series, Tuesday eve-
ning, Jan. 10. at 8:30 p.m., in Hill
Auditorium, at which time he will
play compositions by Handel, Scar-
latti, Beethoven, Chopin and Liszt.
The public is requested to be seated
on time, as the doors will be closed
during numbers. Concertgoers who
leave the Auditorium at intermission
tame or otherwise, and who desire
to re-enter, must obtain from the
doormanspecial door-checks,
Exhibitions
Exhibition, College of Architec-
ture: A national exhibition of Rep-
resentative Buildings of the Post-
War Period, selected by the Commit-
tee on Education of the American In-
stitute of Architects and circulated
by the American Federation of Arts,
is being shown in the third floor ex-
hibition room, Architecture Build-
ing. Open daily, 9 to 5, except Sun-
day, through Jan. 18. The public is
invited.
Museum of Classical Archaeology:
Exhibits from Egypt-Dynastic, Grae-
co-Roman, Coptic and Arabic periods
-from Seleucia on the Tigris and
from Roman Italy. In addition, a
special exhibit has been arranged of'
a portion of a recent acquisition of
Roman antiquities presented by
Esther Boise Van Deman.
Events Today
Botanical Journal Club meeting
today. Papers by: Beatrice Sheer,
William C. Sher~man, Mary Mooney,
Robert Ashe, and James Merry. Pro-
fessor C. D. LaRue is chairman.
Association Book Group: Professor
Preston James will review Carleton
Beals' "The Coming Struggle for
Power in Latin America" this after-
noon at four o'clock, Lane Hall.
Christian Science Organza4ion:
8:15 p.m. League Chapel. Students,
alumni and faculty are invited to at-
tend the services.
Assembly Board meeting will be
held today in the League.
Omega Upsilon: There will be an
important business meeting for the
actives, at 5 o'clock at the League.
All members please attend.
Tau Beta Pi: There will be a regu-
lar dinner meeting tonight at 6:15.
Prof. Earl S. Wolaver of the Business
Administration School will speak on
business law.
The Book Shelf and Stage Section
of the Faculty Women's Club will
meet today at 2:45 p.m. at the home
of Mrs. Frank A. Mickle, 1053 Olivia
Ave. Mrs. Roy K. McAlpine is as-
sisting hostess.
Bibliophiles will meet today at k:30
p.m. at the home of Dr. Wilma Sacks,
611 South Forest.
Coming Events
International Center:
Tuesday, Jan. 10. 7 p.m. Speech

Clinic.
Wednesday, Jan. 11. 4:15 p.m. Dr.
Walter H. Judd, for years the head
of a large hospital in Fenchow,
Shansi, China, will speak on"'h
Significance of the Present Struggle
in the Far East."
8 p.m. Dr. Judd will be in the
Center to meet Chinese students and
all others interested to talk with him
personally.
Thursday, Jan. 12. 4 p.m. Tea.
7 p.m. Speech Clinic.
Friday, Jan. 13. Recreation Night.
Sunday, Jan. 15. 6 p.m. Supper.
7 p.m. Final program of the semes-
ter.
The English Journal Club will meet
Thursday evening, Jan. 12, at eight
o'clock, in the West Conference Room
of the Rackham Bldg. Dr. F. G.
Cassidy will speak on "Aims and
Methods of Linguistics." Graduate
students and faculty members are in-
vited to attend.
Actuarial Students. Professor J. W.
Glover will speak on "The History of
Actuarial Science" at 8 p.m. Wed-
nesday in the West Lecture Room of
the Rackham Building. Those who
hna annlicain blanks fr , i A a