Weather Cloudiness today and tomorrow, Slightly warmer tomorrow. Y £frt igan I~aitii Editorial Germany's5 Fourth Front..t VOL. XLIX. No. 75 Z-323 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, SUNDAY, JAN. 8, 1939 PRICE FIVE CENTS Olson Grants Labor Leader Tom Mooney Full Freedom Famous Prisoner Pledges Life To Peaceful Pursuit Of 'New Social Order' Governor's Action Ends 21-Year Term SACRAMENTO, Calif., Jan. 7,- 4)M -Thomas J. Mooney, Labor's long- imprisoned symbol of "class persecu- tion," went free today on a guberna- torial pardon and dedicated the rest of his life to the peaceful building of "a new and better social order." The pardon was unconditional, but Olson asked Mooney, erstwhile fire- brand among class cobscious work- ers of a past generation, to urge the people against plunging themselves into "a futile and inhuman chaos of bloodshed and revolution." Although Mooney spoke smoothly and with apparent calm, his voice broke as he promised also to seek freedom for his convicted colleague, Warren K. Billings, who is in Folsom Prison for life and at present tech- nically ineligible for executive clem- ency. No One Objects Officially the hearing was to give opportunity for protests against the Mooney pardon, to which Olson had been committed., In the course of his address the Governor said'he had received but one protest-presumably that from Ben F. Lamborn of Alameda; Calif., a brother of one of the bomb vic- tims, who warned Olson the pardon would "form the basis for an im- peachment or recall action" against the Chief Executive. ' Olson asked anyone with objec- tions to "step forward and state to me here and now the information he desires to impart" Many Hold;To.Mooney Guilt For a full 30 seconds the Governor stood "in silence, facing the audience oau Ie i spoke. Abs it were the prosecutors and State of- ficials who fought and defeated Mooney at every major turn in the courts for more than 20 years. "I am impressed," said te Gov- ernor, "by the fact that many thou- sands of Californians still believe that Mooney is guilty. I am 'im- pressed by the fact that his case has been heard in one form or another in all the courts. I am impressed by the fact that five of my predeces- sors have not pardoned him, "As a lawyer, I can well under- stand the reasoning of the courts in (Continued on Page 2) Education Meet OipensSaturday Conference Will Consider Graduate Courses A conference on curriculum prob- lems, sponsored by the education school, to be attended by superin- tendents, principals and teachers from southeastern Michigan, will be held Saturday in Ann Arbor. A feature of the conference will be roundtable discussions of regu- larly scheduled graduate courses. The meetings will be open to students on campus, according to Dean James B. Edmonson of the Education School, who is in charge of the committee on arrangements. Speakers in the conference will in- clude Eugene Elliott, State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, and Dr. Rudolph Lindquist, director of the Cranbrook School. Roundtable conferences will be conducted by members of the faculty of the Education School. A luncheon for those attending the conference will be held at 12:50 p.m. at the Union. ' The conference is part of a State plan of conferences in selected high- er institutions in the state. Six of the roundtables will be held between .9 a.m. and 11 a.m. on Saturday, and eight will be held between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. Spanish War Vets W.11 i e Feted Here Robert Cummins, '37, and Elman Service, '39, who have recently re- Large Group Of FarmTenants' Deemed Major Problem In U.S.' Federal Purchase Of Land And Long-Term Resale Proposed As Solution (Editor's Note: This is the third in a series of articles in which the writer will investigate the Mistory and nature of the present problems confronting American agriculture, and the various proposals for their solution,) By ELLIOTT MARANISS The soil is a natural resource in' which our total civilization has a stake. Erosion of our soil has its coun- terpart in erosion of our society. The one wastes natural resources; the other human resources. ' The most striking fact in regard to this twin process of depletion is the correlation between soil erosion and farm tenant occupancy. The reasons are obvious. Farm tenants, whose occupancy is uncertain at best, and ordinarily does not average more than two years, cannot afford to plant. anything but cash crops. A tenant who expects to remain but a short time on a farm has little incentive to maintain and improve the wood- lot, the house, barn, shed, or other structures on the farm. The magnitude of the farm ten- ancy problem is startling. Half a cen- tury ago one of every four farmers was a tenant; today two of every five are tenants. They operate land and buildings valued at 11 billion dollars. Farm tenancy, however, as the National Resources Committee stated in its report to the President, is the central, but not the only feature of the problem of relationship to the land. For the greater part of the last century, security has become of increasing concern to all American farmers. Throughout American his- tory the primary means of attain- ing farm security has been farm home ownership.tIn discussing farm secur- ity, then, the firstmr fact to be noted is the decline in the number of far- mers who own their own property. In some of our states, among them a number settled under the Homestead system little more than a generation ago, it is estimated that the equity of operating farmers in their lands is little more than one-fifth. Included in the list of farmers) which the President's committee characterized as insecure were ten-I ants, croppers, farm laborers, families on sub-marginal land, families on holdings of inadequate size, owner families hopelessly in debt and young farm people unable to obtain farms. These are conditions that have been evolving for two centuries. They cannot be expected to be alleviated over-night; but the National Re- sources Committee has made a start, and the recommendations embodied in that body's report are of great importance. The committee's recom- mendations include measures to facil- itate farm home ownership and to help existing owners keep their farms; measures for the rehabilita- tion of groups not now prepared to take over their own farms; certain suggestions for improving the condi- tion of laborers; a program for aid- ing families stranded on submargi- nal land and taking such land out of cultivation; and proposals for the discouragement of speculation in farm lands. All of these approaches are neces- sary, in the opinion of the commit- tee, in attacking a problem of such magnitude and difficulty. The committee recommends a pro- gram of land purchase by the Federal government and disposition of the land under long-term contracts of sale to operating farmers. The pur- pose of initial purchase by the gov- ernment, the report states, would be to put the nation in a position to assert its right to discourage sub- division of economic units, wastage of natural resources, reckless specu- SContinued on Page 3) New Outbreak Causes Slovak Border Terror Hungarian Police Wound Three; Report Deaths Of 40 Czechs In Fight Prague Circles Deny Taking Any Hostages i BUDAPEST, Jan. '7-P)-Hungari- an gendarmes wounded three persons in a crowd of Slovak sympathizers to- day in the uneasy border situation which precipitated a heavy conflict between Czecho-Slovaks and Hunm- garians yesterday atMunkacs. Guns were silent in the Munkacs region, but new, though unverified Hungarian reports asserted 40 Czecho- Slovaks and seven Hungarians died in yesterday's battle and that Czecho- Slovak forces took hostages with them when they reatreated. (Semi-official quarters in Prague denied these reports. On Friday the Czecho-Slovaks said only one per- son was killed while Hungarians re- ported the total at a dozen or more.) Today's incident occ',rrMd in the Hungarian village of Komaromcsehi, northeast of Budapest and more than 200 miles by airline southwest of Munkacs, with the gendarmes firing five shots. The shooting occurred as officers were arresting , man on a charge of insulting Admiral Nicholas Horthy, Regent of Hungary, and the Hungari- an authority. The gendarmes reported that a crowd of 150 persons, "excited by Slo- vak agitation from across the border", attacked them with sticks and stones and that they shot in self-defense. At Munkacs, a city of 30,000 in the territory awarded Hungary from Czecho-Slovakia Nov. 2 by Italo-Ger.- man mediators in a post-Munich ter- ritorial settlement, there was no re- sumption of hostilities even though the truce arranged yesterday by mili- tary authorities ended at 1 p.m. A mixed commission established to fix responsio ity.for yesterdays con- flict, in which Munkacs was shelled, met for an hour without reaching any conclusions. Hungarians reported their own in- quiry established that 1,000 Czecho- Slovak soldiers took part in the attack which they charged was planned by a former Czecho-Slovak military com- mander of the city. They asserted he chose yesterday as the occasion for the assault be- cause he wished to make his country, a 'Christmas present" of the city. .: (N Chemist Hurt I SInLaboratory' Explosion Here Dr, Eugene Icetur Suffers Severe Injury To Hand During Experimentation Dr. Eugene Icetur, National Re- search Fellow in chemistry, sufferedt severe injury to his right hand yester-t day when some hydrazoic acid ex-l ploded in his laboratory in the Chem- istry Building. Dr. Icetur had been doing experimental work here since Oct. 1 on the structure of the mole- t cule.- Continuing his study begun at the California Institute of Technologyi where he received his degree, Dr. Ice-I ture has been using the infra-red spectroscopic method of determining the structure of a molecule. Undert this method a beam of light is passedz through the cells of various gases and1 liquids, and the changes that take place in their spectrums are noted.t During the past three months Dr. Icetur has experimented several times with hydrazoic acid without unto- ward results.' According to Dr. Albert C. Kerli- kowske, assistant medical director of University hospital, it will be several weeks before the success of the opera- tion can be determined. Dr. Icetur, a member of the, Apostles' Club, lives at 1015 Church St. i e Valen1tino Film To Play Today Second Art Cinema Series1 Will Begin Jan. 22 Rudolph Valentino in the "Four' Horsemen of the Apocalypse" which is to be shown at 3:15 p.m. and 8:15 p.m. today at the Lydia Mendelssohn theatre is the last film in part one of the current Art Cinema series. Part two of the series begins Jan. 1 22 with a showing of Van Stroheim's "Greed." In this series will be four shows illustrating the post-war American film. Season tickets priced7 at 75 cents for both matinee and evening performances are available, at the Michigan League. Other films to be shown are a series, of Buster Keaton comedies, "The Love. Parade" with Maurice Chevalier and .apt. Tomkins To Give Travel Talk Thursday Address To Be Illustrated By Documents And Film Taken On Horn Voyage' Capt, Warwick M. Tomkins, the last man to conduct a boat by sail around Cape Horn, will give an illustrated talk here Thursday, in the fourth lecture of the Oratorical Association Series. , On her 1936-37 voyage, Captain Tomkins' ship "Wander Bird" sailed from Gloucester, Mass. to San Fran- cisco by way of the Azores, Morocco and Rio de Janeiro. Half the film he is bringing here is devoted to the beauties of the many exotic cities visited on the trip. Three major stops were made on the 20,000 mile sea voyage, and docu- menary film material of exceptional value secured. In the Azores, pictures arg shown of the farms, the peasants, th& windmills and the costumes. Piano Virtuoso Hofmann Gives Program Here Polish Pianist Has Made Appearances In Public For 55 Years After 55 years of concert piano pre- sentations, Josef Hofmann, who ap- pears here Tuesday in the fifth Chor- al Union program of the year, has come to the conclusion that he "likes to play the piano." The 60-year-old Polish virtuoso, who gave his first concert in Warsaw at the age of five, has long been ranked with Rachmaninoff and Pad- erewski as one of the world's finest pianists. To honor his long and amazing career, last year was celebrated as Hofmann's Golden Jubilee year. As a fitting gesture, Mr. Hofmann made a special tour, giving 50 nation-wide concerts. For his program here, Mr. Hofmann will present: "Harmonibus Black- smith" by Handel; Scarlatti's "Pas- torale e Cappriccio;" "Sonata quasi una Fantasia, Op. 27, No. 2" by Bee- thoven; Chopin's "Fantasia Im- promptu in C-sharp Minor, Op. 66," "Valse in A-flat maor, Op. 64, No, 3;" "Nocturne in B major, Op. 62, No..1;" Schumann's "Carnival, Op. 9;" "Wal- destrauschen," "Liebestraum in A- flat major," and "Mephisto Valse," by Liszt. Dr. W. H. Judd To Speak Here On Far East Sino-Japanese War To Be Discussed Wednesday; Sponsored By Blakeman "The Significance of the Present Struggle in the Far East" is the topic o: a talk to be given at 4:15 p.m. Wednesday in the Union Ballroom by Dr. Walter H. Judd, who has re- cently returned from China. Dr. Judd was the head of The Mis-I sion Hospital in Fenchow, Shansi province and was in the war zone during the capture of Fenchow and remained there until the Japanese took over his hospital. Dr. Judd will also speak to the students of the Medical School at 10 a.m. on the "Country Doctor in China" and to the Ann Arbor Rotary Club at a noon luncheon meeting in the Union, on the subject "The Back ground of the Struggle in China." Dr. Edward Blakeman, Counselor of Religious Education, is sponsoring the lecture. Assisting him is a com- mittee of students including: Jean Holland, '39Ed, president of the League; Betty Jane Mansfield, '39, president of Assembly; Sibyl Swart-' out, '39, president of the Women's Judiciary Council; Marcia Connell, '39, president of orientation; Steph- anie Parfet, '39, president of Panhel- lenic Association; Paul Brickley, '39, president of the Union; Robert Hart- well '39BAd., president of Congress; Robert Mitchell, '39BAd., managing editor of the Daily; Horace W. Gil- more, '39, city editor of the Daily; and Robert Reid, '39E, president of Interfraternity Council.. Beal Announces He Will Retire Junius Es Beal, for 31 years a Re- gent of the University, revealed yes- terday that he would not seek re- election at the April general election. He will retire from office Dec. 31, 1939. Regent Beal, an Ann Arbor man, first won election to the Board in 1907 and was re-elected in 1915, 1923 and 1931. He is the oldest mem- ber of the board in the number of years served. Now 79 years old, Regent Beal participated in the election of four Presidents of the University, helping to select Harry B. Hutchins in 1910, Marion L. Burton in 1920, Clarence Cook Little in 1925 and Alexander G. Ruthven in 1929. ASU To Meet Tomorrow To Discuss Convention The American Student Union will meet at 8 p.m. tomorrow in the Union to discuss the national convention Varsity Five Drops Conference Opener To Stars In Nets Illinois, 30-20 'SPIKE' JAMES * * * Varsity Sextet Tops Port Dover Here Easily, 6-2, Michigan Trounces Highly Touted Canadian Squad; Cooke Scores 3 Times By EARL R. GILMAN Michigan's undefeated h o c k e y team trounced a supposedly superior Port Dover, Ontario hockey club last' night 6-2 on Cofiseum ice before a capacity crowd. Port Dover, which was touted as one of the better Canadian ice teams, due to its getting into the Inter- mediate Hockey Playoff's quarter- finals last year, started off like it meant business by scoring first. After that brief flash, Michigan took over. Ilillberg Scores George Cooke, varsity wing, stole the show in the second period when he scored three goals, two unassisted Capt. Les Hillberg, a defense man. spent almost as much time in Port Dover's territory as he did in Michi- gan's. He scored a goal in the third period unassisted and showed Minne- sota's Mariucci had better wear all of his pads when he comes down here. Michigan's other two goals came in the first period from the stick of Evie Doran, who went through Port Dover's entire team like quick silver. Port Dover's scoring resulted from the first surge when Karges pushed the puck past Spike James out of a free-for-all in front of the nets in the first period; and in the. third period, when Hallam, unassisted, out-maneuvered the lanky Michigan goalie. Poor Body-Checking Michigan showed a lack of polish, however, in one important depart- ment. While the Wolverines were ready to mix it at all times and dergonstrated plenty: of intestinal fortitude, the team was sadly lacking on good checking. Stodden' gave a good illustration of back-checking in the first period and Calvert and Hill- berg were in there at all times, stop- ping Port Dover's thrusts, but Michi- gan showed it would need a little more practice before Minnesota's hard- checking squad comes down here later in the- month. Calvert lost two teeth in the second period., Michigan's thrusts were stymied at (Continued on Page 7) Campaign To Aid Chinese Students Will Begin Here 'Pick' Dehner High Scorer With 10 Points; Thomas And Beebe Score Six Jim Rae's Injury Handicaps Team CHAMPAIGN, Ill., Jan. 7--(Special to The Daily)-Crippled by injuries to their three key men, Michigan's basketball team dropped their Wes- tern Conference opener here tonight to an alert, Illinois five 30 to 20. With their star center, lanky Jim Rae, severely hampered by a lame back and Capt. Leo Beebe and Dan Smick also ailing, the Wolverines never had a chance against the speedy forces of Coach Douglas Mills. Rae, assigned to guard the ever iangerous Lewis "Pick" Dehner, the llini's "whirlwind dervish," had to be removed after 15 minutes of the first period, and his loss left Michi- ,an offensively and defensively sty- ied for the remainder of the game. Dehner fCores 10 Big Dehner, pivoting beautifully crom his front line position, hit four 'imes from the field and twice from ,he foul line to lead the scorers with 10 points. Bill Hapac with three bas- 'ets and two fouls followed with eight points while Beebe and Ed Thomas captured scoring honors for ahe visitors with six points apiece. At no time during the game was Michigan in the lead, and only once, after four minutes of play, were they m even terms with the homecrew., Opening baskets by Hapac and Jay Wardley were followed by two suc- ,essful tosses by Beebe and Smick to knot the score at four points. From then on, it was Illinois' ball game. Rae And Smick Stymied Playing a tight man-to-man de- °ense, the winners clogged up Michi- tan's front line holding Rae and Smick to a combined total of four points. Rae, who whipped in 12 points 'ere last year, was so badly crippled 'hat he never could cope with his aggressive adversaries. Illinois led at the half 14 to 7 and continued to hold a comfortable lead ;hroughout the second period. The ;losest Michigan came in the final stanza was 21 to 13 after 11 minutes 'aad elapsed. Michigan's front line weakness was dlearly evidenced by the Illini's vast ebound superiority, the Wolverines failing on innumerable occasions to rapture the ball off their own back- board. The' forces of Coach Bennie Oosterbaan failed yrepeatedly to hit from the back court, and that, com- (Continued on Page 7) Senate To Quiz Dr. Frankfurter Sen. Brown Considers Judicial Candidates DETROIT, Jan. 7.-(IP)-Senator Prentiss M. Brown, (Dem., Mich.), indicated here today that he hoped to be able to send the nomination of a new Federal Judge for the Eastern Michigan District Court to Presi- dent Roosevelt Tuesday and that the appointment would be made public in Washington. Reich Unappeased By Munich, Pollock States; Poland Next Goal Germany's aggressive foreign pol-I icy, spurred by avowed aims of ter-1 ritorial aggrandizement and racial unity, will likely manifest itself in a 1 new "drive to the East" in the neary future in the opinion of Prof. JamesI K. Pollock of the political scien, e de- partment. Strengthened but economically un- appeased by the spoils of Munich and the annexation of Austria, Germany's next move will probably be directedI at Poland, with Danzig, "already thoroughly Nazified," and the Polish Corridor as the immediate objec-: tives, Professor Pollock declared. The' ultimate goal, however, will be the rich wheat fields and mines of the Ukraine-a vast granary to feed Germany's expanding population and replenish her meager supplies of raw materials. The motive underlying Germany's aggressive foreign policy is largely an economic one, Professor Pollock maintains. Stripped of its idealogical associations, the cry for territorial ex- pansion is largely a "tool for propa- ganda" with the end the acquisition of new territory to absorb and feed a surplus population and to furnish the coal oil, metals and chemicals which a machine economy demands, and which Germany lacks. while a preliminary end in the sense that it intensifies the unity of pur- pose upon which the Nazi state re- lies for much of its effectiveness, is primarily another propaganda tool,1 Professor Pollock feels. Yet the role which these twin tools of propaganda play in promoting Germany's drive for economic self-t sufficiency has intensified her need for such a policy, Professor Pollock pointed out. The defense mechanism, which territorial threats and perse- cution of Jews have aroused in non-j Fascist nations, the resulting unof- ficial boycotts and restriction of world markets, have strangled her export trade and hence her capacity to ex- change her surplus products for vital commodities. Her attempt to de- velop synthetic products has not been notably successful in making up for these commodities. A move toward the Ukraine through Poland would probably involve Ger- many in a war against Poland and' Russia, Professor Pollock pointed out, Poland's recent agreement with Rus- sia is significant, yet it is not at all certain that England and France would come to the latter's aid, he said, for he doubts whether these two na- tions will be strong enough in the fu- ture to challenge Greater Germany. Conymittee. Will Conduct fearingTuesday WASHINGTON, Jan. 7.-QP)-Felix Frankfurter was asked today to tell a Senate Committee next Tuesday about his qualifications to be an As- sociate Justice of the Supreme Court. The Senate group--a subcommit- tee of the Judiciary Committee-vot- ed for a hearing on Frankfurter's nomination to the court after receiv- ing a half dozen requests that one be held: Senator King, (Dem., Utah), a subcommittee member, told the group "This is a democracy, and anyone who wishes to be heard should be given the right to testify." The liberal Harvard law professor ,was given his choice of appearing in person or sending his counsel. Some committee members said privately they hoped he would come because they wished to ascertain his views to- ward President Roosevelt's Court Re- organization Bill. An extensive drive to raise funds for the relief of Chinese refugee stu- dents to be undertaken by the United Committee to Aid China will begin Wednesday night at the First Baptist Church with the showing of a motion. picture depicting the Japanese inva- sion of China. The drive is being undertaken in cooperation with the Far Eastern Student Service Fund which has been sending money to China to supply students basic necessities with which to continue their education. Since the bombing of some 36 colleges and universities, students have walked 1,000 miles across mountains to at- tend universities inland. I Debaters Will Hold Tryouts Wednesday 1 All men interested in trying out for the varsity men's debate team are asked to meet at 4 p.m. Wbdnes- day in Room 4203 Angell Hall, Arthur Secord, debate coach announced.