THE MICHIGAN DAILY THE MICHIGAN DAILY Student Senate's Recent PR Election Analyzed In DetailBy Ex-Director A' 'p. rI Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the -authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. Spbscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by mail, $4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERTISING BY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MADISON4 AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CHICAGO BOSTON ' LOS ANGELES - SAN FRANCISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1938-39 Managing Editor Editorial Director City Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Book Editor . Women's Editor Sports Editor - Board of Editors . .Robert D. Mitchell. Albert P. Mayio . . . . Horace W. Gilmore Robert I. Fitzhenry S. R. Kleiman Robert Perman . , .Earl Gilman William Elvin " Joseph Freedman * . . . . .Joseph Gies " -Dorothea Staebler - - . .Bud Benjamin Business Department Business Manager Credit Manager . Advertising Manager . Women's Business Manager Women's Service Manager Philip W. Buchen . Leonard P. Siegelman . . William L. Newnan : . Helen Jean Dean Marian A. Baxter NIGHT EDITOR: BEN M. MARINO The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Property Vs. Ma . .. M QNDAY AFTERNOON in the Union, Gov. Frank Murphy, speaking to a packed audience in the North Lounge, defended his application of the rule of reason in the settle- ment of the sit-down strikes of 1937 and pro- claimed, his determination never to use the power vested in him in "spilling blood and taking lives." He ~pointed out that in the face of a clamoring press, whose greatest single source of advertising revenue was the industrialist in Detroit, he had insisted that the ominous dif- ferences of capital and labor be settled by "perserverance in the conference room" rather than by "bullets, night-sticks, bayonets and poison gas." Democracy, the Governor said, demands that men live by reason. And he might have added that the exaltation of ruthless force has made a mockery of equalitarianism. It has held up for our admiration as the Makers of America the unprincipled individualists who exploited the natural and human wealth of the land to slake their personal greed and almost succeeded in stifling the liberty that now makes a rebirth of equality of opportunity a new and throbbing possibility. But so long has money held its sway, so. long have we looked up to the gods of the financial world, that the challenging of their ability and desire to drive the nation forward for the benefit of all is incomprehensible and even fearful for the great middle class. America today faces fear. The nation is moving in a direction that some cannot understand and others refuse to comprehend. And ignorance is the stamping ground of terror. The brutality of a machine society and the monotonous, heart-rending-toil of mss produc- tion evoked a powerful protest that has revitalized organized labor, swept four million neglected workmen into effective industrial unions and cemented the foundation for a mass political movement that threatens to do more than merely counterbalance the moneyed power that has di- rected American government, with few exceptions, since the Civil War. But that protest, taking its first effective form in the sit-down strikes of Michigan, was not a revolt against the machine. None, perhaps, could more intimately realize than the automobile workers of Michigan that their futures, their very lives were tied inseparably to industrial progress. This revolt was against the conditions that made labor at the assembly line humanly unbearable. And the workingman's resentment was given heat by his awakening to the fact that individually he was helpless, but that collectively the workmen of America could exercise a decisive influence on their destiny. The complex, but integrated social sructure built by the machine upon the basis of private property and individual gain is a hard fact. But the new labor movement and industrial unionism are equally hard and inescapable realities. Those like Circuit Judge Gadola. to whom the Governor referred in his speech, who refuse to recognize the new and ever-changing situation brought about by the collision of property rights and human right to a decent living are hopelessly out of joint with the times. There are men who extol the brutality of Har By RICHARD M. SCAMMON W HEN THE ELECTION judges and spectators finally straggled out of the Union at five a.m. last Saturday morning, the second experiment of a campus-wide Propor- tional Representation election had been success- fully concluded. Last March, the first selection of members to the newly-organized Student Senate was conducted along the lines of the Hare system of Choice Voting, and some 1700 students' participated. Last week nearly 2100 voted to select sixteen members (one-half the total member- ship) of the Senate and next March the remain- ing places will become vacant for the second, semester election. Of the 2106 ballots cast last week, only thirteen, an insignificant number, were discarded as im- properly marked, 2093 being separated as to the first choices marked upon them. The number of first choice votes for the sixty candidates run- ning ranged from one to ninety-one, but no one received the quota of 130, obtained by dividing the total valid vote-2093-by the number of positions to be filled. In the balloting last March five of the 32 seats then filled were won on first choice votes alone, the quota at that time being only 53. Ballots Are Separated Having separated all valid ballots into 60 separate bundles, each containing the first choice votes of one of the candidates, the election judges then declared defeated the lowest candi- date and transferred the single vote he received to the second choice marked on his lone ballot. This process of dropping the lowest candidate and shifting his vote to the second choice as repre- sented on his various ballots is done in the presumption that the voter, seeing that it would be impossible to elect his first choice, would then prefer to have his ballot used to help his second choice. Each of these eliminations involves a separate count and by the ninth count the votes of eight low candidates had been transferred to the second choices on their various ballots. How- ever, since all these eliminated candidates had only a few votes each, the transfer of their votes made no appreciable change in the standings of the candidates after the first count, namely, the sorting of ballots according to the first choices marked on them. On the tenth count the thirteen votes cast for Peter Carter were transferred since he at that time was the lowest of the remaining candidates, and of these seven went to Richard Jeffreys, the first substantial shift to take place, raising Jeffreys' total from 54 to 61. The eleventh count shifted ten of James Grace's thirteen votes to his brother, Ted, and started the latter on a long spree of collecting ballot transfers that fin- ally led to his election. The next half-dozen counts, involving the elimination of candidate Gram, Goodman, Abbot, Long and Piecewicz produced no substantial changes, the second choices on their ballots being scattered amongst a large number of would-be Student Senators. How 18th Transfer Went With the transfer of Fred Pearce's 21 votes James Tobin received again of sixteen, his name being marked as second choice on that number of Pearce's ballots, and Phil Whittemore ob- tained eighteen of the 23 votes shifted by the - elimination of D. Philip Clark on the next fol- lowing transfer. The defeat of Jack Canavan, Conservative, on the twentieth count gave nine of his 23 ballots to his running mate, Ben F. Munn, but the transfers of Irving Fox, Anand Kelkar, and Walter Stebens showed only scat- tering changes, save that nine of Stebens' twen- ty-seven votes went to John P. O'Hara, a Student Senator seeking re-election. Bernard Dober was the first candidate in the Liberal Coalition to be dropped and two-thirds of his votes went to other candidates running on the same ticket. On the twenty-fourth count John Hulbert's total was raised to 108 by the addi- tion of twenty ballots from the thirty-one dis- tributed upon the defeat of Robert O. Bush; on the twenty-fifth, half of Paul Johnson's 33 ballots went to Edward Hutchens; on the twenty-sixth 22 of Jack Sullivan's 33 were transferred to Harry Sonneborn's pile; on the twenty-seventh Alberta Wood picked up 21 of the 35 re-shifted when Barbara Bradfield was dropped; on the twenty- eighth Edward Macal's 35 ballots were trans- ferred to a number of candidates, O'Hara getting six and John Goodeel eight. Hidlkey's Votes 'Non-Effective' The 36 votes for John Mulkey showed the first large number of "non-effective" ballots, that is, ballots on which only a very few choices were marked and which, after all the marked choices had been defeated, were set aside as no longer effective to any candidate. There were in all 344 of these non-transferable votes among the 2093 cast; in other words, 1749 voters saw one or. more of their choices actually elected. Of Mulkey's 36 votes 22 fell into the non-effec- tive class and the- remainder were scattered among several Senatorial candidates..The thirti- eth count gave Miss Wood her second large gain, fifteen going to her on the distribution of Jack Cooper's 37 votes. With the race narrowed down to 31 candidates and with the number of votes involved in each transfer becoming steadily larger, each shift be- came more significant in determining the final result of the election. Of Lichtenstein's 38 votes, transferred on the 31st count, almost half went from the "Co-Op" candidate to Jack Sessions, Socialist, and MacDonald's 41 ballots, while scat- tered amongst a large group of candidates, gave ten more votes to Whittemore. The transfer of Carl Wheeler's 44 votes gave sizeable gains to Tobin (nine), Ted Grace (eight), and Hulbert to gouge out his eyes, if his voice is shouted down by an unreasoning press, then look out! (eight), but Cecile Franking's 47 total showed a scattering among nearly all candidates when transferred on the thirty-fourth count. Liberal Party's Votes Solid Jack Laro was the second of the Liberal Coali- tion to be eliminated but only sixteen of his 49 votes went to the other Coalition candidates; alternatively, eighteen votes of Laro'e total went to William Kramer. The ballots of the next three persons dropped-Robert Prasil (52 votes), Betty Sorenson (56), and Ben Munn (58) showed little concentration of support, the shifts being scat- tered throughout the whole group of continuing candidates, but the thirty-ninth count showed a very large gain for Whittemore, who raised his total to 108 by taking 35 of Hugh Estes' 63 votes. The dropping of Grier, Progressive Coalition candidate, sent 21 of his 68 votes to Sonneborn and 15 to Ethel Norberg, both of whom were running on the same ticket. This count, the for- tieth, showed that Hulbert had amassed a total of 83 first choice votes and 46 transfer votes, giving him 129, just short of the quota of 130. Perlman, who led the whole field of sixty candi- dates as far as firsts alone were concerned, had picked up 32 transfers for a total of 123, seven short of the quota. With a large number of non- effective ballots piling up because of the inexperi- ence of voters with the P.R. system and their neglect to mark more than two or three choices, it was obvious that not all the elected members would reach the full quota, and that the next few eliminations would determine which 16 candi- dates would hold Senate seats for the coming year. With 16 places to fill no more than five more transfers could take place, for after the forty-fifth count only 16 candidates would be left in the running, that is, only just enough to fill the number of posts open. Therefore, after this forty-fifth count, even though not all those (Continued on Page 6) Ii' eew flo Me illeywood Broun Some American newspapermen were being taken on a trip along the British front in 1917. The English major who was our mentor paused as we were about to enter a village back of the line and said, "We are now coming into a sector held by the Australians. I hope you gentlemen will attach no significance to the fact that nobody is going to salute me. They don't even salute their own officers." And later, of course, we all heard the familiar story of the Austral- ian major general who pleaded with his men, Don't any of you lunkheads call me 'Bill' when the commander comes." s These, of course, are onl* straws in the wind, but I do mean to say that the Australians and the New Zealanders got along mighty well in a military way without the creation of an office caste. Indeed, it would be only fair to add that both Canada and the United States functioned brilliantly with a minimum of brass hats. As far as the American army was concerned, this may have been due in part to well-laid plans, but to some extent there was one advantage in our unpreparedness. We had to create our officers out of a cross-section of the country. But the Bryan formula of springing up over night was outmoded then, and now it would be impossible. America Should Arm. Embattled squirrel shooters may hold a bridge, but you can't toss them into airplanes without training. I am convinced that America should arm, and even if I were not I know it as sure as shooting that America is going to arm. And so we should immedately turn to the well-informed and ask them to answer the query:-"How can we build up an effective fighting machine and at the same time avoid the undoubted dangers which lie in the creation of a military caste?" I am aware that young men from the ranks of the humble can go to Annapolis and West Point, but I am under the impression that a small percentage of the students at those insti-_ tutions come from families in the lower brackets. And I know that one of our well-known aviators is the son of Charles A. Lindbergh, the famous Farm-Labor leader of Minnesota. But I also know that if the elder Lindbergh were alive today he would have been summoned by Representative Dies to St. Paul right now to be heckled ,on "subversive activities." It seems to me that one of the first steps we should take to insure the creation of a national fighting machine would be to turn the CCC camps into academies where the recruits from "one-third of the nation" can be trained not only in military drill but given courses to fit the most promising to take examinations for West Point and Annapolis. And surely we should do away with the injustice of asking Negroes to serve in units where there are practically no officers of their own race. Pacifism Badly Shattered A year or so ago I imagine that almost every liberal felt that it would be monstrous to introduce military training into CCC camps. Now I think liberals will be foolish if they do not see the necessity. Within the month the theory of The FLYING TRAPEZE By Roy Heath THE HEARTY GREETING There is something about seeing someone you know, someplace where you don't expect to see him, that makes people very friendly and en- thusiastic in their greetings. This is especially true if they happen to spy you a long way from home. Now I have nothing against people being friendly or even enthusiastic towards me if they feel like it, but it happens so seldom that I am always taken by surprise and often feel like grab- bings the best overcoat in the place and running. "Anything to escape" is my motto, even if I have to take my own overcoat. Just such a situation overtook me during the course of my travels over the weekend. I was sitting in a place called Dutchland between New Haven and New York, annoying a corpse-like waffle when who should spot me but a girl I know from Ann Arbor. She started out well enough, acting as though she was glad to see me and all that. But then she started to asking me questions. "How did you get here, when did you get here and what are you doing here?" she wanted to know. Well, catching me unprepared as it did, I couldn't remember for the life of me how I got there or when I got there and I had been wondering my- self why I got there. Consequently, I just sat there and looked guilty. Yes, guilty. I can't say just why I looked guilty. I haven't stolen a chicken in, let's see, six months and even if I did take part of that Yaleie's beer, I didn't take it all because he came back too soon. Besides, he took my Smith girl and I figured part of his beer evened things somewhat. Any- way, I looked guilty. The girl, a Kappa, was with some big blond fellow who acted as though he thought I was followingh hisdate around. He also acted as though he could fix me so I wouldn't be follow- ing anyone else around. The other customers eyed me as if I were a biga- mist or a Mormon, then went back to their suppers and one old lady in the booth behind me said, "He ought to be ashamed of himself." The waiter was just on the point of asking my Kappa friend if she would like to have me thrown out, when she left so he just brought me some cold coffee and wouldn't let me have any more butter. In short, I felt like a cigar butt in a wedding cake and the next time I go traveling, I am going to wear a beard and some old water goggles I have at home. HERE'S US If any of you good people have been rejoicing under the misappre-; hension that The Flying Trapeze had been thumbed out of the pages ofd The Daily just because it hasn't beenI in for the last three or four days, you might as well forget it. I just repaired to a rustic little village in Connecticut for a few days rest. A man has his, health to think of. It was a beautiful place, that town of New Haven, but I can't, with a clear conscience, rec- ommend it as the ideal spot to put in a week-end of resting up. Too many Yale men. After prowling around New HavenE for the better part of a night in search1 of peace and quietude, during which time I fell in with certain malcontents bent, as it seemed, on their own and my befuddlement, I gave it up as a bad job and retreated to a pictur- esque Dutch island down the Atlantict coast a piece. There was nothing particularlydsoothing about the sur- roundings down there either so Ii came home. Early Chinese Pottery Shownl it Art School A group of 1500 year old figurines, flown to this country from HFong Kong by ' the China Clipper, form part of, an exhibition of Early Chinese Pottery which will be open in the School of Architecture until Nov. 5. Miss Barbara Tinker, '34, acquireda them in the Ssu-C'huan Province and1 carried them overland to Indo China and Hong Kong. The exhibition, which was held last summer in connection with the Insti- tute of Far Eastern Studies, has been reopened withhseveral changes and additions for the benefit of delegates to a conference of the American Cera- mics Society being held at Dearborn Oct. 23 to 25. Among these additions are a jar of the T'ang Dynasty, coated with a rare lead glaze, a mould with a deep cut design, actually a potter's tool, and a bowl of the Sung period made from a. similar mould. pacifists here or abroad? Some have even suggested thatrthe best plan is to say nothing and let Fascism run its course. If that is the best the disciples of peace through unpreparedness have to offer, then I say again we must WEDNESDAY, OCT. 26, 1938 VOL. XLIX. No. 27t Notices Senate Reception: Since no indi- vidual invitations are being sent, this is a cordial invitation to all mem- 'bers of the teaching staff and their wives to be present at the Senate Re- ception to new members of the facul- ties on Wednesday evening, Oct. 26, in the ballroom of the Michigan Union at 8:30 p.m. The reception will take place from 8:30 to 10 o'clock, after which there will be dancing from 10 to 12. It is especially hoped that new teaching fellows and in- structors may be present and the chairmen of departments are asked to be of assistance in bringing this about. Smoking in University Buildings: Attention is called to the general rule that smoking is prohibited in Uni- versity buildings except in private of- fices and assigned smoking rooms where precautions can be taken and control exercised. This is neither a mere arbitrary regulation nor an at- tempt to meddle with anyone's per- sonal habits. It is established and enforced solely with the purpose of preventing fires. In the last five years, 15 of the total of 50 fires reported, or 30 per cent, were caused by cigarettes or lighted matches. To be effective, the rule must necessarily apply to bringing lighted tobacco into ; or through University buildings and to the lighting of cigars, cigarette, and pipes within buildings-including such lighting just previous to going outdoors. Within the last few years a serious fire was started at the exit from the Pharmacology building by the throwing of a still lighted match into refuse waiting removal at the doorway. If the rule is to be enforced at all its enforcement must begin at the building entrance. Further, it is impossible that the rule should be enforced with one class of persons if another class of persons disregards it. It is a disagreeable and thankless task to "enforce" almost any rule. This rule against the use of tobacco within buildings is perhaps the most thankless and difficult of all, unless it has the winning support of every- one concerned. An appeal is made to all persons using the University build-~ ings-staff members, students and others-to contribute individual co- operation to this effort to protect University buildings against fires. This statement is inserted at the request of the Conference of Deans. Shirley W. Smith. Attention University Employees:I Whenever possible charge all per-t sonal long-distance telephone callsj and telegrams placed through theI University telephone system, to your resident phone.- Herbert G. Watkins. Faculty of the College of Literature, Science and the Arts: The five-week freshman reports will be due Oct. 29 in the Academic Counselors' Office 108 Mason Hall. Rackham Building: Open every day except Sunday from 8 a.m. until 10 p.m. for the use of graduate students and graduate organizations. Choral Union Members. Members of the University Choral Union in good' standing who call personally will be given pass tickets for the Lawrence Tibbett concert, between the hours of 10 and 12, and 1 and 4, Thursday, Oct. 27, at the School of Music of- fice. Tickets will only be given to those who call in person, and after 4 o'clock no tickets will be given out. Bronson-Thomas Prize in German. Value $40.00. Open to all undergrad- uate students in German of distinctly American training. Will be awarded on the results of a three-hour essay competition to be held under depart- mental supervision in the latter half of March, 1939 (exact date to be an- nounced two weeks in advance). Contestants must satisfy the Depart- ment that they have done their read- ing in German. The essay may be written in English or German. Each contestant will be free to choose his own subject from a list of at least 30 offered. The list will cover five chap- ters in the development of German literature from 1750 to 1900, each of which will be represented by at least six subjects. Students who wish to compete must be taking a course in German (32 or above) at the time of the competition. They should register and obtain directions as soon as pos- sible at the office of the German de- l partment, 204 University Hall. The University Bureau of Appoint- ments has received notice of the fol- lowing Civil Service Examinations for Teachers for Indian schools--in In- dian Reservations including Alaska- in the following branches: science, agriculture, social sciences, language and literature, music, home econom- ics, art, rural merchandising, adult DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication In the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30: 11 :00 a.m. on Saturday. the University Bureau of Appoint- ments, 201 Mason Hall. University Bureau of Appoint- ments and Occupational Infor- mation. 201 Mason Hall. Of- fice hours: 9-12; 2-4. Summer Work: Jewish men inter- ested in acting as camp counselor in a Connecticut camp this summer, re- port to the University Bureau of Ap pointments and Occupational Infor- mation, 201 Mason Hall. Men ex- perienced in handling young boys pre- fered. University Bureau of Appoint- ments and Occupational Infor- mation. 201 Mason Hall. Of- fice hours: 9-12 and 2-4. * Independent men interested in rep- resenting their Congress District on the Sports, Social, Activities, Welfare, or Bulletin committees, please notify your District President immediately. College of Literature, Science and the Arts, School of Music, and School of Education. Students who received marks of I or X at the close of their last term of attendance (viz., semes- ter or Summer Session) will receive a grade of E in the course unless this work is made up and reported to this office by Oct. 26. Students wishing an extension of time should file a petition addressed to the appropriate official in their school with Room 4 U.H., where it will be transmitted. Concerts Organ Recitals. Palmer Christian, University organist, will give a series of four recitals on the Frieze Mem- orial Organ in Hill Auditorium to which the public is invited without admission charge, at 4:15 o'clock, on the following Wednesdays: Oct. 26, Nov. 2, Nov. 9 and Nov. 16. Students and the general public are invited, but are respectfully requested to be seated on time as the doors will be closed during numbers. Choral Union Concerts. Lawrence Tibbett, baritone, assisted by Stewart Wille, pianist, will open the Choral Union Concert Series Thursday eve- ning at 8:30 o'clock in Hill Auditori- um. Doors open at 7:45. A limited number of season tickets and tickets for individual concerts are available at the office of the School of Music. The Hill Auditorium box office will be open at 7:30 p.m. Thursday evening at 7 o'clock. Exhibitions An Exhibition of Early Chinese Pottery: Originally held in conjunc- tion with the Summer Institute of Far Eastern Studies, now re-opened by special request with alterations and additions. Oct. 12-Nov. 5. At the College of Architecture. Daily (excepting Sundays) 9 to 5. Ann Arbor Artists' Exhibitior.: 16th Annual Ann Arbor 'Artists' Exhibi- tion, held under the auspices of the Ann Arbor Art Association, in the Galleries of Alumni Memorial Hall. Daily 2-5 p.m., through Oct. 26. Lectures University Lectures: Dr. Albert Charles Chibnall, Professor of Bio- chemistry at Imperial College of Sci- ence and Technology, Universityof London, will give the following lec- tures: under the auspices of the De- partment of Biochemistry: Nov. 4, 4:15 p.m., Amphitheatre, Horace H. Rackham School of Grad- uate Studies, ;The Preparation and Chemistry of the Proteins of Leaves." Nov. 4, 8:15 p.m., Room 303 Chem- istry Building, "The Application of X-rays to the Study of the Long Chain Components of Waxes. Nov. 5, 11 a.m., Room 303, Chem- istry Building, "Criticism of Methods of Amino Acid Analysis in Proteins. This lecture is especially designed for those interested in the analytical chemistry of proteins. University Lecture: Dr. Marvin R. Thompson, Director of Warner In- stitute for Therapeutic Research (formerly Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Maryland) will lecture on "The Chemistry and Phar- macology of Ergot" on Thursday, Nov. 10, at 4:15 p.m., in Room 165 Chemistry Building, under the auspi- ces of the College of Pharmacy. The public is cordially invited. Public Lecture: Dr. George W. Crane of the psychology department, North- western University, will speak on "A Psychoanalysis of Jouzrnalism," in the amphitheatre of the Rackham building, Thursday, Oct. 27, at 2 p.m., under the auspices of the University Press Club of Michigan. The University public is invited to attend. Dean Henry M. Bates of the Law School will speak on "Law as a Pro- fession" in the first of the 1938-39 Vocational Guidance Lectures. The lecture will be held in the small ball- room of the Union on Thursday. Oct.