TIC-E MICHIGAN DAILY. MICHIGAN DAILY Scandinavian Democracies Blaze Trail For Mankind "Pursuit Of Happiness" .1 a W -17 N 31 .r5 'J (R I Oa - a ited and managed by students of the University of igan under the authority of the Board in Control of ent Publications. blished every morning except Monday during the ersity year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press le Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the or republication of all news dispatches credited to not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All s of republication of all other matters herein also ,ved. bered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as ad class mail matter. bscriptions during regular school year by carrier, by mail, $4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERTISING BY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CRICAQO -BOSTON LOS ANGELES r SAN FRANCISCO aber, Associated Collegiate Press, 1938-39 By ELLIOTT MARANISS iN A WORLD increasingly given over to absolutism, persons who speak of democracy are usually looked upon with a kind of pitying scorn. In an age in which swift regres- sions to a dark and bloody primitivism are the order, a man is asked to choose unqualifiedly between the two extremes of the poltical spec- trum: either he must be willing to accept the apocalyptic overturn of the whole order of society, and project himself into an uneartply utopia, or he must set himself against any change whatso- ever. It is obvious, of course, that the thinking man today must make certain choices. If he is not to be completely overwhelmed there is the inexorable necessity of making some positive and saving affirmations in order to unify his work and his ideas. The choice before us, however, is not an inevitable one; it is not divinely ordained nor mechanistically pre-determined. We are not be- ing driven by some transcendental force to a heaven on earth, nor is the contemporary rever- sion to barbarism, as manifested in the aggres- sive brutality of fascism, an unavoidable stage in the development of our culture. In short, human relationships are the only compulsives in society; men themselves determine the nature and direction of the social world. And as soon as the problem of human values is brought into discussion the democrat can step forward unblushingly. For, as every modern democrat from Jefferson to Thomas Mann has explained, democracy alone has good intentions cao cia ciao ciat ciati ag Editor A Director itor te Editor te Editor te Editor te Editor te Editor te Editor Board of Editors' Robert D. Mitchell. Albert P. May1o Horace W. Gilmore Robert I. Fitzhenry . S. R. Kleiman Robert Perlman Earl mGilman William Elvin Joseph Freedman .Joseph Gies Dorothea Staebler Bud Benjamin s ditor ien's Editor is Editor . Business Department Business Manager . . . . Philip W. Buchen Credit 'Manager . . . Leonard P. Siegelman AdvertIsing Manager . . . . William L. Nenan wor en's Business Manager . . Helen Jean Dean Wone r's Service Manager . . Marian A. Baxter NIGHT EDITOR: MORTON C. JAMPEL The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers 0-ly. VChallenge To The Class Of '41 . . THIRTY OUTSTANDING members of the Class of '41 will receive a greater than usual reward for their work at the end of this year. They will be selected to pioneer a new educational program at Michigan-the Ox- ford tutorial system. Success in achieving a "B" average minimum and in passing the examinations of the board of tutors will mean to these students that ther will have the opportunity, during their junior and 'senior years, to 'gain as much from their college education as they are individually capable. Only half of the students' work will be in regular- ly scheduled courses, allowing each individual to devote himself to assignments of particular interest to him. The tutorial system, therefore, stresses flexi- bility to individual capacities and interests. The student is expected to concentrate in a certain field; 'yet he is allowed wide latitude within that field. A second postulate of the tutorial system is that of intimacy between tutor and student. The rela- tionship between them will be far more informal and cooperative than that normally achieved in ordinary classroom work. Significant of this is the fact that those members of the faculty chosen for tutorial work will be relieved of part of thei; present duties. It is the tutor's task to evaluate the student's extra-class studies and to grade him on his accomplishments. The much criticized semester examinations will be discarded in favor of the comprehensive form. Comprehensive examinations are given in the field of concentration and subjects allied to it at the end of the senior year and enable the student of extraordinary ability to earn honor degree recommendations. The student's senior "thesis" may be written upon any subject which he selects after consul- tation with and approval of his tutor. The merits of these essays will be judged by members of the board of tutors and by faculty members whose specialty is in the field chosen. Every phase of the proposed tutorial system permits the student new freedom and new opportunities. Thus is is at least a partial answer to the resolutions of last year's Spring Parley. To be among those chosen to pioneer this interesting experiment is a worthy goal of mem- bers of this year's sophomore class. -Hervie Haufler To Save Lives Pneumonia takes approximately 100,000 lives in the United States every year. If experience bears out the preliminary tests, carried on with the aid of 30,000 CCC volunteers, the new antigen for immunization against pneumonia developed by the Public Health Service well may halve this annual toll of deaths. It is a relief to turn from the European news, with its rumors of war and preparations for war, to such news as this. Here is hope for the millions of us wvhose lives have been darkened by the threat of this mysteriously omni-present malady, TODAY in WASHINGTON -by David Lawrence- WASHINGTON, Oct. 24-One - million more persons are employed in private industry today than were employed last June, and yet the WPA rolls are the highest in all history, even higher than they were in October, 1936. Two years ago, in the period immediately pre- ceding the presidential election, the "WPA had 2,449,775, and, in October, 1937, notwithstanding the fact that a depression had already begun, tMte,. WPA list was down to 1,432,910. Now, in October, 1938, the number is doubled as the WPA total is up to 3,125,990. These fluctuations of a downward curve in a year when there is no election and an upward curve when there is an election are giving rise to suspicion among the politically-minded that the New Deal regime, headed by the master stra- tegist in allocation, Harry Hopkins, uses the WPA in certain localities to win votes. Confirmation of these ideas are to be found in the official records and statements of the Senate committee investigating campaign expenditures, on which committee the Democrats have a majority. But why, it will be asked, is it necessary to have a higher list of WPA checks in an off-year con- gressional election than in a presidential elec- tion? The reason is that, in a national presidential election, it is necessary only to concentrate in a few states, in fact in only nine cities, whereas, in a congressional election of 435 seats in the House and 32 or more seats in the Senate, the job of allocation is more expensive. Results Of Spending If the reader is interested in exactly how the allocation of public funds is used to swing a presi- dential election, he might consult the Oct 22 issue of the Saturday Evening Post, wherein the writer gives detailed tabulations indicating the rise of Democratic percentages wherever AAA or PWA funds are used, and the decline of the Democratic percentages wherever the subsidies taper off be- low average. For these reasons, any estimates being made on the outcome of a national election based on rules customarily used are likely to be wrong. Even the most up-to-date sampling methods, while remarkably accurate in the last two years, can be thrown out of line by the skillful alloca- tion of federal funds in close districts and states. Thus, the poll by Dr. Gallup just published estimates the Republicans will gain 53 seats in the House of Representatives. Normally and without the use of public funds, this would be a logical result, as the party in power always loses in an off year those districts which it carried in a presidential election two years before, when the top of the ticket pulled the weak local candidates through to victory by reason of the American habit of straight-ticket voting. 'But a gain of 53 seats by the Republicans this year can be seriously doubted because of the size of the WPA rolls. This correspondent last sum- mer predicted that there would be not more than 25 seats gained by the Republicans this year in the House of Representatives, and that, if the number were over 25, it would be nearer that figure than 50. There is no reason to change the estimate now except to point out the possibility that the gain may actually be unler 25, some- thing that would have been dismissed several weeks ago as extremely optimistic from a Demo- cratic point of view. Cause Of Recessions Business is improving and workers are get- ting their jobs back, and the WPA is taking care of a bigger list of unemployed than ever before. To add all this up, the Republicans as the opposi- tion party will be lucky to make a gain of 25, and the important after-effect of the election «..L.ai xm ,oin+rnriitrorp + nw- i smprn toward humanity; democracy wishes to elevate mankind, to teach it to think, to set it free, to remove culture and opportunity from privilege and disseminate them among the people. Demo- cracy then, is education oriented toward truth, intelligence and consciousness, and in that case it is part of the education of every good democrat to read the new books of Mr. Agar ar.d Mr.a Childs.* Both men,are self-conscious democrats. They recognize the essential fascination that some of the more glittering aspects of totalitarianism and its so-called dynamics are liable to hold for persons who mistakenly conceive the ascetic- military character of those nations as the signs of happy, harmonious and active groups. Their recognition of this danger, however, serves as3 the mooring from which they launch forth theirI own contention that democracy can stand up toE authoritarianism all along the line. The very for- midability of the menace of fascism drives themf both to a spirited and thorough re-examinationl of the particular manifestation of democracya they have chosen to write about. Mr. Agar's' work emerges as a brilliant and scholarly history of the course and development of the democraticf philosophy in America, especially in its relation to the major political parties. Mr. Childs goes further afield. He is convinced that the demo- cratic process cannot continue to exist unless it is possible to achieve a larger measure of econ- omic equality, and he has trained all the vigor of his penetrating journalism on the experiments in that direction now being conducted in Scan- dinavia. The books complement each other neatly. Both are charged with an emotional con- tent uncommon in works of this sort, an indica- tion that the authors feel deeply and profoundly the significance of their studies., Democrats Revitalize Politics It is Mr. Agar's belief that politics in this country have been vital only when the Democratic party has carried on the Jeffersonian tradition of equality. Whenever the Democratic party has forgotten the ends of its founder it has tended to decay. But when it returns to Jeffersonian ends, as it did in 1896, 1912 and 1932, it brings "a new breath of life into our politics." That being the case, Mr. Agar argues, it follows that the; variation in the platforms of the Democratic Party at various times is not really significant; for the platforms are not properly comparable with each other, but should be compared, several- ly, with the political philosophy that underlies them all. Jefferson demanded decentralization and economy in government. Franklin D. Roose- velt demands centralization and liberality in government. Yet if Roosevelt is striving to estab- lish equal rights for all and special privileges for none, he is a true Jeffersonian. To Jefferson the ends were fully as important as the means. If the means prove, historically, to be inssuficient, then any sincere Jeffersonian must raise the same question Mr. Agar has raised: are there better means at hand to promote the end? Mr. Agar doesn't linger long on this problem, however. He is content to raise it,- to recognize the need for a program that would result in the rehabilitation of Americans as producers, but he is not yet ready to resolve the problem of making the materials and means of production available to everybody and at the same time to preserve democracy. He has been working his way forward slowly through several books, and his next one should contain the crystallization of his thought. It is certain to be a book of paramount significance and inter- est for Mr. Agar is a man of sincerity and earnest- ness, and is imbued with a deep passion for American democracy. Mr. Childs is concerned with solving the prob- lem Mr. Agar has raised. The Scandinavian demo- cracies are not presented as Northern Utopias in which capital and labor are wholly at peace and, living on milk and honey, but rather as intelligent groups of people who are willing to let arbitra- tion rather than violence decide issues that are just as sharpened and pointed as elsewhere. In Norway, Sweden and Denmark labor bargains collectively with industry (which is also organ- ized) issues newspapers, pushes forward social and economic reforms through democratic pro- cesses of government and improves the standard of living so that all in all, Mr. Childs feels, the Scandinavian countries continue to be citadels of enlightenment in a Europe which threatens to return completely to the rule of force. A.iitagonisms Still Apparent Mr. Childs is careful to point out that there are in Scandinavia, too, bitter antagonisms be- tween opposing interest groups. Nor are these countries separated from the rest of the world. Nevertheless, despite tariff barriers, foreign political pressures, world depression, empire trade agreements, internal dissensions and the various disasters of these last years, the Northern coun- tries continue to make progress irrthe distribution of goods to the people who need them and whose buying power is in turn needed by the industries that produce goods. How much significance the experience of these small countries with their homogeneous popula- tions has for America, it is difficult to say. There are many who would dismiss them as examples so special as to be meaningless, irrelevant to the problems of larger nations. Certainly they will not serve as a model for a country of continental size with a highly diverse people. Nor is Mr. Childs so naive as to suggest that their laws, and their customs could be taken over bodily in America. But neither can their experience be dimissed as without meaning. They are democracies with "all the virtues and all the faults inherent in the democratic form." In the final analysis the - --.e, .a -- ,.ninf -,m C vn-.m n-. THEATRE By NORMAN KIELL One-Third Of A Nation The good news this morning and for the past few weeks concerns the Detroit Federal Theatre presentation of Arthur Arent's Living Newspaper gem," . . . one-third of a nation. ..", playing at the Lafayette Theatre in Detroit. The Federal Theatre has a hit in its hands and it may well be proud of itself. Using as a springboard President Roosevelt's famousutterance that he found "one-third of a nation ill- housed, ill-clad and ill-nourished," Mr Arent has written a relentlessly en- ergetic lecture on the housing prob- lem. Capitalizing on the thousands of books, investigation committee re- ports, laws,and newspaper and maga- zine articles that his associates com- piled, Mr. Arent traces from Colonial times to the present the cause and effect of our impossible housing con- ditions. It is not merlely documenta- tion that is presented but also a skill- fully woven dramatic story that gets its points across with almost unbear- able effectiveness. The root of the evil lies in the un- earned increment the landlord de- rives from land speculation. The remedy, not so easy to bring about, depends upon Mr. Average Q. You and I doing something. Cholera plagues, fires and crime brought about by miserable environment are all par- aded before our eyes. But what can we do about it? "We've got to have a place to live," we hear over and over again. "What can we do, where can we go?" United action might turn the trick, the author suggests. Instead of cut- ting the budget of the Wagner Hous- ing Bill from one billion dollars to 526 million, why not reduce the army and navy appropriations of three billions? This, then, might be the answer. The Living Newspaper technique is a theatrical joy and a director's de- light. Virtually every stage trick and stage device is utilized. People rising from thesaudience and running down to the stage, lantern slides, loud- speakers, choreography, pantomine, music, are all used. It is the synthesis of all these that make the produc- tion at the Lafayette Theatre so suc- cessful and calls for huzzas for the director, Vernon Haldene. / Although James Doll's set consists o but two stairways on each side of the stage, we get the feel and smell of the tenement slum district; we can almost picture the garbage lining the gutters, the dirty linen and bedding hanging from the windows, the pulley lines holding the Monday wash. The 100-odd actors in the cast perform on the set with a vivacity and earnest- ness that matches Mr. Arent's scath- ing indictment. By no means can we forget Edith Segal's direction of the choreography, Lee Wainer's music and the lighting, three factors that con- tribute heavily to the success of the Detroit Federal Theatre's produc- tion- It would be well for the two-thirds of the nation that are well-fed, well- clad, and well-housed, to make a pil- grimage to the Lafayette Theatre and see how the other third manages to eke out existence. YouofM By Sec terry Weekend Diary Of A Collegiate Pepys THURSDAY - Off for Gotham in Norma Bentley's high-powered Olds coupe; with Barney Reed behind the wheel, insulated against the rigors of travel by a stiff cup of tea in a Canadian inn . . . Paused at Elmira, N. Y., for sleep, which we learned later is only a nervous habit and easily dispensed with . . . Friday-Up at dawn and racing over Pennsylvania mountains at a 75-mile clip . . . Innocently mistook the oil gauge, which read 30, for the speed- ometer, and when, after reaching Jersey, Norma revealed our actual speed, we alm&st fainted-from fright . . . Spent an enjoyable hour with the Cappons, in Princeton, N. J., where Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann, Nazi exiles, walk about hatless, guard- ians of their own minds . . . Cappy appeared portly and prosperous, im- mensely pleased with his new sur- roundings, and Mrs. Cappon served up a spaghetti dinner, with execellent sauterne, which was a gustatory treat . . . Bade a hasty, though reluctant, adieu, and sped toward New York finally, with a chilling fear that two patient Chicago newspapers would be using an AP advance and preparing two pink slips at the same time . . . Made the Hotel Commodore and whipped off our stories in record time, but alas, it was five minutes late with- al . . . Later in the evening, passed! up the alumni dinner, at which George Olsen, the jazz band maestro, led the Michigan Band in the inevit- able "The Victors," and Tom Dewey, another illustrious graduate, ex- pressed the wish that he might subsi- dize such a stirring organization to arouse balloting enthusiasm in his gubernatorial campaign . . . New York papers made much of the roist- ering inlanders who followed the band DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30: 1:00 a.m. on Saturday. (Continued from Page 2) j a. Freshman Luncheon Club Galens Gamma Alpha#to Girls' Cooperative House ( W Glider Club, U. of M. N Graduate Education Club Graduate History Club o1 Graduate Outing Club s Graduate Students'hCouncil st Hiawatha Club T Hillel Foundation 1 Hillel Independents O Hillel Metropolitan Club fi Hillel Players Institute of Aeronautical Sciences 4 Interfraternity Council International Council Iota Alpha re Kappa Beta Pi t Kappa Kappa Psi o Kappa Phi y Kappa Tau Alpha La Sociedad Hispanic. Lawyers Club Lawyers Liberal Club Les Voyageurs w Lutheran Student Club B Mens Council Michigamua Michigan Anti-WarSociety Michigan Christian Foundation a Guild2 Michigan Dames Club Michigan Sailing Club Michigan Union w Michigan Wolverine a Mimes o Mertarboard n Michigan Movie Makers S Mu Phi Epsilon Natural Science Society of China Negro Students Club Nippon Club Omega Psi Phi Omega Upsilon Outdoor Club Palestine ClubI U Panhellenic Association o Peace Council o Phi Delta Kappa w Phi EpsilonKappa fa Phi Eta Sigma t Phi Kappa Phi N Phi Lambda Kappa a Phi Lambda Upsilon b Philippine-Michigan Club s Phi Sigma Society c) Phi Tau Alpha Physical Education Club for Men Pi Lambda Theta Pi Tau Pi-Sigma P Polish Engineering Society ti Progressive Club F Polonia Literary Circle b Puerto Rico Club a Quarterdeck U Radio Club, U. of M.. Rho Chi Society Rochdale Student Cooperative House A Scabbard and Blade t Scalp and Blade A Scandinavian Students Club a Scientia D Scimitar Senior Society Sigma Alpha Iota Sigma Delta Chi Sigma Gamma EpsilonC Sigma Rho Tau c Sigma Xi Society of Automotive Engmneers L Sphinx h Student Model Senate p Student Religious Association Suomi ClubH Tau Beta Pii Tau Epsilon RhoC Tau Kappa Epsilon Technocracy, Inc. Theta Sigma Phi ToastmastersC Transportation Club Triangles i United Peace Committeeo University Girls Glee Club Varsity Glee Clubt Vulcansc Westminster Guild Women' Athletic Association Womens Physical Education Club 7 Wyvern s Zeta .Phi Eta a' Candidates for Rhodes Scholar- 1 ships. The University committee willr meet on Thursday, Nov. 3 in 118 Ha-r ven. Candidates are asked to make C program . . . Ronald Colman's por-C trayal of the swashbuckling rogue, Francois Villon, in "If I Were A King" was first-rate, and movie fans will be amazed by the transformation of Basil Rathbone from a despicable - villain to a lovable, eccentric Louis XI . Saturday-Through New England, bathed in autumnal splendor and-in- describably alluring to a couple of midwestern Thoreaus . . . Jammed in New Haven Hotel Taft's bar, sur- rounded by Michigan grads and alum- fni, before leaving for the Yale Bowl ! and a surprising display of Eli cour- age and*pass offense . . . Grantland R ice and Paul Mickelson, major ob- servers, were there, lured by tales of Wolverine prowess, but they left, we fear, more impressed with the tenacity and spirit of the Bulldogs . . . Tuure Tenander, the Flying Finn, just back from Europe, stopped at the press box, told a hurried tale or two, and then left us to clean up a disorganized mess for an impatient telegrapher ... ppointments in 'the History De- artment Office, 119 Haven Hall. Pharmacy Students making the trip Upjohn's must be on hand at 6:30, ednesday morning, between the atural Science and Chemistry Bldgs. Choral Union Members. Members f the University Choral Union in good anding who call personally will be iven pass tickets for the Lawrence ibbett concert, between the hours of ) and 12, and 1 and 4, Thursday, ct. 27, at the School of Music of- ce. Tickets' will only be given to ose who call in person, and after o'clock no tickets will be given out. Independent men interested in rep- senting their Congress District on he Sports, Social, Activities, Welfare, r Bulletin committees, please notify our District President immediately. Academic Notices Chemistry 6: Makeup examination ill be held in Room 165 Chemistry uilding today from 1 to 4 o'clock. Botany I makeup examination for udents absent from the final ex- mination in June will be given on uesday, Oct. 25, at 2 p.m. in Room 004 Natural Science,Bldg. Graduate Students in Education ho plan to take the preliminary ex- minations for the Ph.D., to be held n Nov. 3, 4 and 5, should leave their ames in Room 4000 University High chool immediately. Clifford Woody, Chairman of Committee on Graduate Study in Education. Concerts Organ Recitals. Palmer Christian, niversity organist, will give a series f four recitals on the Frieze Mem- rial Organ in Hill Auditorium to hich the public is invited without dmission charge, at 4:15 o'clock, on he fololwing Wednesdays: Oct. 26, dov. 2,eNov. 9 and Nov. 16. Students ,nd the general public are invited, ut are respectfully requested to be eated on time as the doors will be losed during numbers. Exhibitions An Exhibition of Early 'Chinese ottery: Originally held in conjun- on \ith the Summer Institute of ar Eastern Studies, now re-opened y special request with alterations ,nd additions. Oct. 12-Nov. 5. At he College of Architecture. Daily excepting Sundays) 9 to 5. Ann Arbor Artists' Exhibitior.: 16th Lnnual Ann Arbor Artists' Exhibi- ion, held under the auspices of the nn Arbor Art Association, in the alleries of Alumni Memorial Hall )aily 2-5 p.m., through Oct. 26. Lectures University Lectures, Dr. Albert harles Chibnall, Professor of Bio- hemistry at Imperial College of Sci- nce and Technology, University of London, will give the following lec- ures: under the auspices of the De- artment of Biochemistry: Nov. 4, 4:15 p.m., Amphitheatre, lorace H. Rackham School of Grad- iate Studies, ,The Preparation and Chemistry of the Proteins of Leaves." Nov. 4, 8:15 p.m., Room 303 Chem- stry Building, "The Application of K-rays to the Study of the Long Chain Components of Waxes." Nov. 5, 11 a.m., Room 303, Chem- stry Building, "Criticism of Methods f Amino Acid Analysis in Proteins. this lecture is especially designed for those interested in ° the analytical Chemistry of proteins. University Lecture: Dr. Marvin R. rhompson, Director of Warner In- stitute for Therapeutic Research formerly Professor of Pharmacology at the University o Maryland) will lecture on "The Chemistry and Phar- macology of Ergot" on Thursday, Nov. 10, at 4:15 p.m., in Room 165 Chemistry Building, under the auspi- ces of the College of Pharmacy. The public is cordially invited. Lecture: Tuesday, 11-12 a.m., "Early Chinese Pottery" by Mr. J. M. Plum- er and Mr. John A. Foster-In con- nection with the meeting of the Art Division (Michigan and Northwes- tern Ohio), American Ceramic So- ciety. Architecture Building Audi- torium. Open to Students o Far Eas- tern~ Art and to the general public. Events Today Deutscher Verein: The Verein will have an informal get-together to- night at 8 p.m. in the Michigan League. Informal discussions, folk- songs and refreshments are on the program. Everybody interested is in- vited to attend. Student Senate: There will be a meeting this evening at 7:30 p.m., at the Michigan League. The room will be posted on the bulletin board. The public is cordially invited. i