T HE MICHIGAN DAILY

SUNDAY, JUNE 4, 1939

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THE MICHIGAN DAILY

Ostriches And Professors
The Unusocial Social Sciences

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Edited and managed by students of the University of
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Editorial Staff

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. Carl Petersen
Stan M. Swinton
Elliott Maraniss
.Jack Canavan
Dennis Flanagan
Morton Linder
Norman Schorr
. Ethel Norberg
. Mel Fineberg
. Ann Vicary
Paul R. Park
Ganson Taggart
Zenovia Skoratko
Jane Mowers
Harriet Levy

NIGHT )EDITOR: WILLIAM ELMER
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members of the Daily
staff and represent the views of the
writers only.
Honor System In
The Engineering College ..
N 1916 there was inaugurated in the
College of Engineering an Honor
System based on the following principles:
1. It is neither honest nor fair to his fellow
students for a student to receive aid in a written
quiz or examination.
2. The prevention of dishonesty in examina-
tions should be in the hands of the students
rather than of the faculty.
3. It is the duty of allstudents to uphold these
principles in word and act.
Dean Mortimer E. Cooley said at the time of
the establishment of the system, "Perhaps the
greatest good of the Honor System is in the in-
creased self-respect felt by the student . . . I
am wholeheartedly in favor of the Honor System
when left completely in the hands of the stu-
dents themselves.;
Since 1916 the engineering college Honor Sys-
tem has been in continuous operation "in the
hands of the students themselves." Whether this
system is to continue functioning as it has func-
tioned the past 23 years or whether it is to break
down, is in the hands of the students. Each
examination is a test if college students can
accept maturely the responsibility of taking their
examinations without faculty surveillance. There
have been evidences of late that such is not the
case. Thus, strict adherence to the code of the
Honor System is made even more necessary in
the present examination period if the system is
to continue as the educational ideal it has been
the past two decades.
-Carl Petersen
The Flying Club
Reexamined .. .
A N EDITORIAL in Friday's Daily
identified the University Flying Club
as a group comparable to the German amateur
flying organizations established to train war
fliers in the absence of an air corps, forbidden
by the Versailles Treaty.
The further implication was made that the
program now being sponsored by the Civil Aero-
nautics Authority was established with the view
of training a potential air corps personnel. In
principle, however, this is no more logical than
accusing parents of training a potential infantry
corps in teaching their children to walk. Actually
a great deal more training is necessary to make
a combat flier out of a competent private pilot
than is needed to train an infantryman.
It was pointed out that in intercollegiate flying
competitions, the events include "bomb drop-
ping," spot landings and paper cutting. Bomb
dropping is admittedly a military manoeuver,
and it may be held that in this, at least, the Fly-
ing Club is a flying corps training group.
The other two flying meet events are decried
because they are tests of manoeuvering skill. How
militaristic it is to train a pilot to be skillful and,
to understand his plane! Spot landings, as con-
ducted in competition, merely requires the pilot
to shut off his engine at a high altitude and
then land after making a full circle or a half
circle without any power.
Paper cutting is an aid in learning to control
and understand a plane: it requires the same
skill and judgment-in a lesser degree-that

By S. R. KLEIMAN
IN a short while 1100 graduating seniors will
descend upon Ferry Field in well ordered lines
of black. There they will receive a white scroll,
hear a much-repeated mumbo-jumbo, feel per-
haps a pat on the back, and as they turn to de-
part, the University, like Pilate, will carefully
scrub its hands. Physically these seniors may be
slightly calloused from sitting on wooden benches
for many wooden hours in an unorganized variety
of classes; but mentally they will have obtained
no preparation here for -the kick in the pants
they are soon to receive. They are better pre-
pared than the slap-happy graduates of the
Twenties, who hiccoughed their way through
school and life only to be fed disaster meat in
1929: the class of 1939 has had ten sobering
years; it has accustomed itself to living close to
the hangover of a moribund society. It has seen
many palliatives injected to stimulate prosperity,
to recreate hope, to restore a minimum of secur-
ity to a trembling ae. And it has seen the medi-
cine men fail. The graduates of 1939 have ob-
served their elders "huddling together, nervously
loquacious, at the edge of an abyss." They are
bulging, like pellagrous children, with the grim
realities that have been stuffed into their un-
willing stomachs. Some of them, by osmosis, have
absorbed an understanding of these realities:
they see the pattern of American life and the
blurred signposts leading to change. But the
University has done little to help them; it has
even built barricades in the path of knowledge.
That is why those who have achieved under-
standing are few; the majority emerge "feeling
something wrong," but seeing only disorder, con-
fusion, chaos.
In recent years the hullaballoo about mass
collegiate education has grown deafening. There
is great anxiety about the color of the canvas
canopy that covers the educational machine, and
there is interminable fuss about the relative im-
portance of minor nuts and bolts in the machine
itself. We pull hair about the lecture system,
compulsory class attendance and the grading
system; we rant with endless enthusiasm about
comprehensive examinations, honor courses and
the tutorial method. Seldom do we yank our
fingers out of the grease and our heads out of
the assembly line to take a peek at the laborers
who run the machine and ask the very simple
question: do they know what they are trying to
do?
Unthinking Products
What is the function of the liberal arts col-
lege in a democracy? To turn out thinking in-
dividuals: it is as simple and direct as that. But
what are these individuals to think about? The
problems that face present day society. The
answers to this catechism are easy enough, but
the problems are intricate. They are problems in
economics, in politics, psychology, philosophy,
art-they run the gamut of human activities and
human experience. They are problems whose
solution demands every iota of knowledge human-
ity can command, and more. But both the teach-
ing of present knowledge and the further sifting
of the unknown are handicapped by fear, in-
direction, meaningless "objectivity," atomistic
methods, and an emphasis upon empirical re-
search that enshrines nowledge for its own sake,
neglecting its only value: helping man to under-
stand the present and the past so that he may
strive to make the world in the future a better
place in which to live. It has become a matter
of mockery in certain circles to drawl in a voice
of sottish content, mingled with over-obvious
sarcasm, "What are ya tryin' to do, Bud, change
the world?" From the ranks of teachers and
scholars and college students alike there should
arise in answer an heroic reaffirmation of the,,
function of human knowledge: a deafening,
"Yes" should smother such obscene questioners.
But we all know that the questioners loll among
us on the campus.
Robert S. Lynd of Columbia, recent Phi Beta
Kappa lecturer at this University, and the co-
author of Middletown and of Middletown in
Transition, has produced a book* that explains
why the universities of this country do not turn
out thinking students. It is a damning indictment
of the social irresponsibility of social scientists,
and it carries profound implications not only
for scholars in economics, history, political sci-
ence, sociology and anthropology, but for teach-
ers in all these fields and scholars and teachers
in the fields of psychology, English literature and
philosophy as well. It is required reading for

college professors.
Britton's Adolescence
However, if the reaction of history Professor
Crane Britton of Harvard is at all representative,
it may be necessary for students to take the
offensive in forcing a change of their teachers'
attitudes. Mr. Britton was provoked by Profes-
sor Lynd's provoking book to writing an im-
petuous, adolescent reply in a "review" in the
Saturday Review of Literature. It would be too
kind to Mr. Britton to say that he was "hit so
hard where it hurts" that he swung back wildly,
not bothering to count to ten. His petulant man-
ner suggests that he raced home bitterly from
the Harvard Club to write the "review" after
some Harvard sociologist innocently spilled a
drop of soup upon his tailcoat (which he un-
doubtedly wears to class). Two paragraphs of
Mr. Britton's two and one-half page abortion
deal with Professor Lynd's book: they hand
down an unintelligible criticism of the chapter
on "Values and the Social Sciences." The re-
mainder of the space is devoted to a iicious,
personal attack, obviously concealed behind the
guise of a mocking analysis of sociology and all
sociologists. Perhaps the gentlest comment that
could be made upon Mr. Britton's piece is that
he did not read the book, but merely skimmed
through the last two chapters under the influence

scholar attacked the subject in so thorough a
manner. Thinking men, on reading this volume,
will feel again and again, "I've thought this, and
I could have written it"-so obviously true are
the implications of this book. But, no one before
has written so complete and unified an analysis
-an analysis that had to be made.
lecture at Harvard in 1837, many scholars in
America have attacked the "ivory tower," though
none has succeeded in sowing the seeds of its
destruction. Yet, never before has a man who is
profession. Since Emerson's Phi Beta Kappa
orthodox and widely respected social scientist
has finally arisen to expose the failure of his
The subject of Professor Lynd's book is not
new. What is startling and refreshing is that an
Professor Lynd points out that the dominant
characteristic of American life has been its
happy-go-lucky casuality, its unconcern with
human purpose and direction, its optimistic con-
fidence in the ability of all things, no matter
how haphazardly planned and executed, to work
for good. It is easy to see how this faith developed.
The Industrial Revolution imparted a material
base to the doctrine of human progress expound-
ed by the philosophers of the 17th, 18th and
19th Centuries. As the machine stretched its
fingers into the most remote corners of the
earth, it carried with it the promise of plenty,
of the "abundant life," of unlimited opportunity
for human freedom and the betterment of man-
kind, individually and collectively. Paternalistic
governments were demolished one after the other
as the new and powerful middle class struck for
commercial freedom and brought with it a,
vision of individual liberty hitherto inconceiv-
able. When small competing units of production
were merged into industrial empires, the machi-
nations of the Robber Barons and the corrupt
Politicos produced abuses that threatened to
wipe out the gains that had been made. It. be-
came necessary, in the interest of the common.
welfare, to place restrictions upon private enter-
prise. But underneath these superficial changes,
there remained a widespread belief in the "sur-
vival of the fittest" (read, wealthiest), in the
emergence through a modified "jungle struggle"
of the finest human values, in the automatic
creation of an American Utopia. Yet, thinking
men everywhere today realize that they cannot
go on relying on the "automaticity of 'whatso-
ever things are good and true' to bring them to
the Promised Land." It is becoming increasingly
clear that this nation can no longer "run on the
doctrine of 'Each for himself and God for all of
us,' as the elephant remarked as he danced among
the chickens"-for "the elephants are getting
bigger and bigger."
Social Structure Lags
Change in American life has come about so
rapidly through scientific discovery and tech-
nological advance that the social institutions
upon which individuals depend for the fulfill-
ment of their needs have lagged behind disas-
trously. "The process of change ruled by private
enterprise, unchecked by any clear philosophy of
control in the public interest, . . . has been a
helter-skelter affair. The accumulated momen-
tum of change in certain areas is such that we
now have no option but to recognize the need
for extensive accompanying change in the many
areas of life upon which changes already accept-
ed impinge." Yet, although "we exhibit marked
hospitality to certain types to change-for in-
stance in our technologies . . . the strain of
adjustment to these large and rapid changes
makes us conservatively resistant to undergoing
the tension of change at other points; and we
also complicate the situation by leaving inter-
ested private power-blocs free to obstruct needed
change at many points."
As long as the frontier existed, as long as a
man was free to leave the park bench and stalre,
out a farm or a gold mine, as long as our economy
was expanding with irresistable energy, these
dislocations, though cumulative, were submerged
beneath the careless free-for-all that character-
ized the "rape of a continent." But the frontier is
gone. Our economy is contracting while the dis-
abilities pile up. Berle and Means have pointed
to the disappearance of middle class entrepre-
neurs as capital is consolidated into larger and
larger corporations-corporations so extensively
characterized by interlocking directorates that
Ferdinand Lundberg has been able to locate the
bulk of American wealth in the hands of 60
American families. There is no time for urbanity,
or for catchwords about "business confidence,'

or for patchwork reform that proceeds by indirec-
tion and suceeds sufficiently to alter."depression"
to "recession." Let us leave the dictionary alone.
Tossing about meaningless symbols and revising
the meaning of words are idiotic occupations
when growing mass hysteria under the necessity
of "doing something" has made civilized peoples
follow demagogues to the degredation of fascism.
It is "too bad" and "very sad," but nevertheless
a cruel fact that the "unseen hand of progress"
has absented itself from the scene.
Cross-Roads In Economy
Even conservative economists and Walter
Lippmann have recognized that we have reached
a crossroads: we must either accept the inherent
collective nature of our economy and rationalize
the distribution of goods through democratic
control, with whatever changes in our productive
machinery may be found necessary; or we must
accept the revolutionary alternative (advocated
by conservative thinkers) of smashing our large
corporations and forcing competition between'
small units by minute government regulation
and continual "police" supervision. In effect the
question is this: shall we remodel our society £d
fit the present state of industrial developmer
or shall we give up the benefits of large scale
production so that our present concepts of
"nronerty" and "freednm tn moee nrivfat crain"

The Editor
Gets Told .. .
See You In The Trenches
To the Editor:
I am beginning to think it fortunatei
that the $4.50 price prevents more
people from buying the 'Ensian. Thec
pictures are nice, the art work O.K.,.
the organization is recognizable andE
even if the copy could have been more
accurately and colorfully written byi
the Daily women's staff, that in it-
self wouldn't be so bad.
However, in the last section of the
book (for those who haven't read that
far, don't bother) there is a series of
sketches, in the whimsical and hum-
orous style of a junior high schoolI
annual, of various B.M.O.C.'s. Among
them is one of Mr. Robert Mitchell
and another of Mr. Albert Mayio. In1
these two pieces of substandardI
eighth-grade writing it is made to ap-4
pear that The Daily controversy ofi
the past year was a battle between
rival political factions in which Mr.
Mitchell played the part of a sort of
St. George guarding the virgin Daily
from the assaults of would-be ravish-
ers; while Mr. Mayio, according to
the 'Ensian's analysis of the situation,,
was just seeing things under the bed
in his fear of censorship.
Without going into the personalities
and details involved, I should like to
state that the 'Ensian's conception of
The Daily situation is simply a mis-
representation of fact. Thank God the
campus was a few steps ahead of the
'Ensian's editors in its thinking when
the elections to the Board in Control
were held.
One additional point: in the sketch
of Mr. Mayio it is rather clumsily
suggested that there is something
funny about Albert's position as chair-
man of the All-Campus Peace Com-
mittee. Well, possibly the job was a
bit trifling in comparison with so
significant and exacting a position
as that of an 'Ensian editor. Sort of
silly to try to do anything about war,
isn't it? See you in the trenches.
-Joseph Gies
Women's Rights
Was Big Problem
Back In The '60s
By EMILE GELE
University men had a rather hard
life back in the Civil War days, ac-
cording to the earliest known student
publications which are filed in the
Michigan Historical Collections in
the Rackham Building.
Strangely enough, no mention is
made of the Civil War or the aboli-
tion movement, but the boys had
their more immediate problems. Wo-
men were becoming so audacious as
to demand educational rights, fresh-
men were unmercifully tortured, and
the Legislature wasn't being "very
cooperative."
Readers noticed the woman's insur-
rection raising its wicked head in
the April 11, 1867 edition of the
Chronicle. In the report of the
Meeting of Regents was the signifi-
cant statement, "Petition to admit
females laid over until June 25." But
the petticoats must have been very
active, for in the same edition a fierce
editorial declares, "Right-minded
men admit that since the gunpow-
der plot no more mischievious plan
has ever set foot than that modernly
christened 'women's rights'."
headed" business-man and the "real-
istic" politician. It is a problem for
social science primarily. In fact, it
might be said that it is the only prob-
lem of social science. If social scien-
tists are to justify their existence.

Lynd insists, they must accept the
responsibility of investigating every
"danger spot" in American culture,
every instance where "our current
culture is found to cramp or distort
the quest of considerable numbers
of persons for satisfaction of basic
cravings of human personality."
Some social scientists have seen
this as their task and have seized upon
it. Most have not, Lynd sees a number
of reasons for his failure. There is,
for example, the atomistic attitude of
many social scientists who stick close-
ly to a minute subdivision of a falsely
separated discipline and study the
theoretical behaviour -under incom-
plete conditions of a non-existent
''economic" or ''political'' or ''social''
man. Complete individuals must be
studied, Lynd believes, and they must
not be studied in isolation, or in rela-
I ion simply to a single institution;
they must be studied as functioning
cogs in a complete culture. Beard
pointed the way when he revealed
how meaningless it was to study the
Constitution purely as a political
document; and after many years some
investigators have followed his leadl
in other fields-but not many. In
addition, the recent growth of em-
pirical research, prodded by the de-
velopment of the statistical method,
has encouraged social scientists in all
fields to cut off more and more minute
sections of the past for detailed an-
alysis; but while the new tool is an
excellent one, the results of its use
hano sgn ificnne unnless the new

(Continued from Page 3)
be interfered with by outside sounds,
and the audience is therefore re-
quested to avoid conversation and
moving about. Automobile owners
are asked kindly to keep their ma-
chines away from the vicinity of
Ferry Field during the exercises.
Tickets may be secured at the Busi-
nessmOffice, University of Michigan,
Room 1, University Hall, until 6 p.,
Saturday, June 17. All friends of
the University are welcome to tickets.
There will be no admission without
tickets.
In case of rain, the exercises will
be transferred to Yost Field House,
to which the special Yost Field House
tickets only will admit. These tick-
ets are also available at the Business
Office, Room 1, University Hall, and
will be issued 2 to each graduate. The
Ferry Field ticket will not admit to
Yost Field House.
If it becomes necessary to transfer
the exercises from Ferry Field, out-
doors, to the Field House, indoors,
after the exercises have started, per-')
sons will be admitted to the Field
House without tickets until the seat-
ing capacity is exhausted.
If it is decided, in advance of start-
ing the procession, to hold the exvr-
cises in Yost Field House, the power
house whistle will be blown at inter-
vals between 5 and 5:15 p.m. on Com-
mencement afternoon.
H. G. Watkins, Assistant Secy.
Commencement Week Programs:
Programs may be obtained on re-
quest at the Business Office, Room 1,
University Hall.
Herbert G. Watkins
Commencement Tickets: Tickets
for Commencement may be obtained
on request after June 2 at the Busi-
ness office, Room 1, University Hall.
Inasmuch as only two Yost Field
House tickets are available for each
senior, please present identification
card when applying for tickets.
Herbert G. Watkins.
To All Members of the Faculty and
Administrative Staff: If it seems cer-
tain that any telephones will not be
used during the summer months,
please notify the Business Office, Mr.
Bergman. A saving can be effected
if instrumentsaare disconnected for
a period of a minimum of three
months.
Herbert G. Watkins
Academic Notices
The University Bureau of Appoint-
ments and Occupational Information
has received notice of the following
Civil Service examination to be given
by the Municipal Civil Service Com-
mission of Buffalo. Last date for fil-
ing application will be June 20, 1939,
at 12 noon.
Assistant Examiner, Municipal Civil
Servcie Commission. Salary: $2250.
Buffalo residence not required.
Complete announcement on file at
the University Bureau of Appoint-
ments and Occupational Information.
Office hours: 9-12 and 2-4. 201 Ma-
son Hall.
To All Students Having Library
Books:
1. Students having in their posses-
sion books drawn from the Univer-
sity are notified that such books are
due Monday, June 5.
2. The names of all students who
have not cleared their records at the
Library by Tuesday, June 6, will be
sent to the Recorder's Office, where
their semester's credits will be held
up until such time as said records are
cleared, in compliance with the regu-
lations of the Regents.
Wm. W. Bishop, Librarian.
Seniors: Official Senior Class
Commencement Booklets and Fold
Announcements are now on sale at
Burr, Patterson and Aud Co., 603
Church Street.

Summer Employment: John C.
Winston Company are looking for
young men and women who want
summer employment. If interested,
please leave name and address at
University Bureau of Appointments
and Occupational Information, 201
Mason Hall, Office Hours: 9-12 and
2-4.
Recreational Swimming for Women
on Tuesday, and Thursday evenings
at the Union pool has been discon-
tinued, since the pool will not be
open during the examination period.
The Student Book Exchange will be
open to receive used textbooks from
all schools on June 7, in the North
Lounge of the Union. Students can
set their own prices on the books
which will be re-sold at the Book
Exchange next fall.
Astronomy 32, Section III, Curtis.
The final examination will be held in
Room 35 Angell Hall, 9-12 a.m. Mon-
day. June 12.

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University,
Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30 P.M.;
11:00 A.M. on Saturday.

Cassidy 1020 A.H.
Chang 201 U.H.
Dean 205 M.H.
Eisinger 205 M.H.
Ford 1209 A.H.
Green 229 A.H.
Greenhut 35 A.H.
Haines 302 M.H.
Hart 18 A.H.
Helm 16 A.H.
Helmers 35 A.H.
Knode W.Phys.Lect.
Martin 203 U.H.
McCormick 103 R.L.
Ogden '209 A.H.
O'Neill 9W. Phys.
Robertson .".Phys.Lect.
Schroder W.Phys.Lect.
Walker 2054 N.S.
Weimer 202 W.Phys.
Weisinger W.Phys.Lect.
Wells 3231 A.H.
Williams 1018 A.H.
English 1:
Arthos 215 A.H.
Hathaway E H.H

Final Examination in Education
FI, General Hygiene will be given on
Friday, June 9, 2 to 5 p.m. in Room
23 Waterman Gym.
Fine Arts 192: Final Examination
will be held at 2 p.m. on Tuesday,
June 6, Room 1121 Natural Science
Building.
Sociology 51, Final Examination will
be given Tuesday, June 6, 2-5 p.m.
Students will be divided alphabeti-
cally, A through K meeting in 1025
Angell Hall; K through Z in Room
C, Haven Hall.
Zoology 32 (Heredity): I will be in
my office Monday, June 5, 2-4 p.m.,
not on the date previously announced.
A. F. Shull.
The Automobile Regulation will be
lifted for all students in the School
of Business Administration at 5 p.m.
Saturday, June 10.
Office of the Dean of Students.
Exhibitions
Michigan Federal Art Projects In
Rackham Building Exhibit Rooms on
mezzanine floor. Hours: 2-5 p.m.
and 7-9 p.m. daily. Saturdays 9 a.m.-
5 p.m. and 7-9 p.m.
Tenth Annual Exhibition of Sculp-
ture, in the concourse of the Michi-
gan League Building.
Museum of Classical Archaeology:
A special exhibit of antiquities from
he Nile Valley, the Province of Fay-
oum, and the Delta of Egypt, from
early Dynastic times to the Late Cop-
ic and Arabic Periods.
Coming Events
Graduating Classes: President and
Mrs. Ruthven will be at home on
Wednesday, June 7, from 4 to 6
o'clock, to all students receiving de-
grees in June. This includes gradu-
ate as well as undergraduate stu-
dents.
Faculty, School of Education: The
final luncheon meeting of the year
will be held Monday noon, June 5,
12:15, at the Michigan Union.
Churches
First Baptist Church, Sunday, June
4, 10:45 a.m. Dr. John Mason Wells
will speak on the subject, "Sons of
God." The Church School meets at
9:30 a.m.
Roger Williams Guild, Sunday eve-
ning, June 4. Mr. and Mrs. Chap-
man will be at home from 5 to 7 p.m.
in the evening to welcome students
who may care to drop in. Refresh-
ments will be served.
First Presbyterian Church, 1432
Washtenaw Avenue.
10:45 a.m., Morning Worship Serv-
ice. "God and The Unexpected" is the
subject upon which Dr. W. P. Lemon
will preach. Palmer Christian at the
organ and directing the choir.
7:30 p.m. Vesper Communion Serv-
ice is the main auditorium. The Ses-
sion will convene at 7 o'clock for the
leception of New Members.
Disciples Guild (Church of Christ).
10:45 a.m., Morning worship serv-
ice. Rev. Fred Cowin, minister.
6:30 p.m., Open House at the Guild
House, 438 Maynard St. Disciple stu-
dents and their friends are invited.
Unitarian Church, Annual outing at
Saline Valley Farms. Cars leave
church at 10 o'clock. Service on
lake-shore. Topic, "People are Per-
sons." Games and entertainment to
follow.
First Methodist Church. Morning
Worship at 10:40 a.m. Dr. C. W. Bra-
shares will preach on "Learning How
To Pray." Bible Class, in which stu-
dents are welcome, at 8 p.m. at the

Church, taught by Dr. Brashares,

41