PA69 PO THE MIICHIGAN DAI-Y 5. R. ~r , AC!4' 2 7, 192g THE MICHIGAN DAILY Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Sumra r Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Ehtered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as Iecond class mail matter. Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, 4,00; by mail, $4.50. REPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERTISING BY National Advertising Service, Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CeiCAGO -SOSTON LOS ANVELS - SAN FRANCIS C Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1938-39 . . : Managing Editor City Editor Editorial Director Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Sports Editor . Wonen's Editor Editorial Staff Business Stafff . Carl Petersen Stan M. Swinton Elliott Maraniss . Jack Canavan Dennis Flanagan Morton Linder Norman Schorr SEthel Norberg *Mel FEineberg. . Ann Vicary . Paul R. Park Ganson Taggart Zenovia Skoratko Jane Mowers . Harriet Levy t ; Business Manager . Credits Manager . . . . Women's Business Manager Women's Advertising Manager. Publication Manager . . '. NIGHT EDITOR: ELIZABETH M. SHAW The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. The Postman Alwavs Rings . . W HAT LETTER from home, the epistle to the "one left behind," the request for funds, the receipt of those semester marks -for all these and many more we are indebted to our country-wide network of letter carriers and post office employees. Less than a century ago, missives bound for destinations .west of the Appalachians were en- trusted to lonely travellers, to be delivered weeks or months later, or sometimes left on the mantle- piece of a cottage in some small town to wait many days for the next passerby who would take it upon himself to deliver it to the addressee. All this has changed, and now a letter travels from New York to San Francisco in the short space of 18 hours airmail, or five days regular service. Today and yesterday, carriers from all over Michigan are meeting in 1Ann Arbor for the 40th annual convention of the Michigan State Asso- ciation of Letter Carriers, the state organization of the National Association of Letter Carriers, organized in 1889 to "unite fraternally all letter carriers in the United States for their mutual benefit." The U.S. postal system is a functioning example of efficient governmental supervision for a vital public service. It is an excellent answer to those critics who maintain that efficiency and democratic control are incompatible. The key men in this system are the letter carriers; and it is with sincere best wishes that we wel- come the Michigan carriers to Ann Arbor. -Harry M. Kelsey are usually inexperienced, they soon become familiar with the task of making yardage into garments, with each unit showing a decrease in cost as the workers acquire skill and efficiency. Workers are allowed a maximum of 132 hours in each month. When work is stepped up to capacity and when each employe works the maximum number of hours, it is expected that the factory will be turning 300,000 yards of material a month into shirts, dresses, suits, trousers and blouses for the needy of Detroit. Dresses especially are made in a number of patterns and colors to make them distinctive. Recipients are offered a wide variety of styles in garments to avoid easy identification as the wearers of welfare clothes. In one month, 64721 yards of broadcloth and percale went into the manufacture of shirts for men. Scraps left from the cuttings are turned over to hand workers who make them into quilts. Very little goes to waste under the present set up. The vindictive cartoons and jokes about the laziness and inefficiency of WPA workers are answered completely in the work of undertak- ings like the Sewing Project. -Helen Corman A Victory For Higher Education A year ago Harvard University was stirred by a controversy as to whether two economic in- structors had been denied a permanent appoint- ment for good administrative reasons or because their economic beliefs were too radical. President Conant appointed a committee to look into this incident and to pass on the general question of liberalism at Harvard. He now accepts and en- dorses the committee's report, handed in at the end of March, and recommending a place on college staffs for "thoughtful rebels" who might help the faculty to reflect the "issues, interests and controversies which are of vital importance in the contemporary world." This is more than a victory for academic free- dom-it is a victory for higher education. At least it will be such if the Harvard jverseers take the advice their president hands them and per- mit him to translate it into faculty appointments. There are a number of misconceptions about our so-called private colleges and universities. One is that they are rally private, which they are not so long as they benefit by tax exemption. Another is that they exist for the purpose of teaching things to students, which they do not if they are actually institutions of the higher learning. They are parts of the body politic, with definite obliga- tions, not merely toward those who endow them, those who govern them, those who study in them, or to those who graduated from them anywhere from two to fifty years ago, but also toward the general public. They do not exist for the purpose of indoctrin- ating their students in any set of beliefs, for or against any political party, or economic theory, or any restricted point of view whatsoever. It is not their function to defend things as they are any more than to inculcate opinions as to how things ought to be. In their dealings with tl so-called social sciences they ought ideally to be as objective and as free as in their dealings with conic sections and bacteria. It will be said that their faculties should not attack democracy in a democratic country nor free enterprise and private prbperty in a country which operates under those institutions. They shouldn't, of course. They are not called upon to attack any- thing-or to defend anything, for that matter, except the freedoms by which they exist and upon which their excuse for existing rests. Only the faint-hearted and the cynical can have doubts as to the results if, for example, students are enabled to know all that can be said for fascism, for communish or for social- ism, as well as all that can be said for democ- racy. The disciplined mind, trained to weigh and value all sorts of ideas, will never be a danger to the public weal. -New York Times National Debt Week WASHINGTON.-The Republican National Committee has designated this as "National Debt Week." The fact that under Mr. Roosevelt the public debt rose from $22,000,000,000 to $40,000,- 000,000 is being handed as the crime of the century. To illustrate the magnitude of this spending -which the Republicans would like to have you think injured the country rather than helped it -the Republican National Committee set up an attractive little exhibit in a downtown show window. This exhibit includes a miniature model of the Empire State Building. Beside the model is the explanation that had the money which the New Deal has spent been devoted to construction of Empire State Build- ings, 940 such could have been built, one for practically every smaller city in the country. That was a very happy illustration, not for the Republican National Committee, but for the New Deal's case. First, the Empire State Building was con- structed by private initiative and therefore is supposed to have been a highly efficient under- taking, not like government spending which is supposed to be wasteful and useless. Well, I'll let anyone check on the amount of office space that has been empty through the years in that white elephant of private enter- prise and set it against some of the badly needed school buildings, hospitals, bridges, roads, play- grounds, yes, and even the much belabored WPA writers' projects which have produced a set of guide books that has just won the praise of a committee of book publishers for excellence of workmanship. I wouldn't try to stretch the point, but would merely suggest that, just as private spending is not always efficient, so government spending is Why China Fights (Editor's Note: In the same special mail from the Chinese war zone that brought the story from Shanghai published in this morning's Daily came the article that appears below. It appeared originally in the Far Eastern Mirror, a lithographed paper published in Hongkong. by American residents in China. David J. Martin, the authorcofthe article, is an American journalist with many years experience in the Far East. Today's article traces the back- ground leading to the present war, and the next in- stallment will bring the story up-to-date.) By DAVID J. MARTIN China's relations with Japan extend back for some 2,000 years or more. Before that time the Japanese were a rude, barbaric race ,engaged in endless wars among themselves. They were ack- ing in culture until by contact with the Chinese they were initiated into the arts of civilization For a long time, the main contact between the Japanese and the Chinese consisted in the pir- atical descents made upon China's coastal pro- vinces by the islanders. In the year 200 A.D., however, a Japanese Express, sent an expedition to Korea; forced the monarch of that country to acknowledge Japanese suzerainity; and exacted tribute from that nation. It was largely through this armed invasion of Korea that the Japanese were brought into contact with Chinese cul- ture, which had been previously acquired by the Koreans. Accepts Title Of King As late as the fourteenth century, however, we find Yoshimitsu accepting the title of king from the hands of the Chinese Emperor and there- after paying tribute to China. In the meantime, Korea had become a vassal of China. Remember- ing the former relation of Korea to Japan, Hide- yoshi, Shogun of Japan, demanded the resump- tion of tribute payment to Japan and also an- nounced his intention of conquering China in 1590. An expedition of 200,000 men was sent to Kora but returned to Japan after a year. The war was renewed in 1596, both China and Japan pouring armies into Korea, but the struggle came to an inconclusive end in 1598. Japan gained nothing by her aggression and the only thing she had to show for her efforts was a mound at Kyoto where are buried the ears and noses of nearly 40,000 Koreans and Chinese who fell in the battle of So-chou. During the last half of the nineteenth cen- tury there were further bickerings between the Japanese and Chinese, largely over Korea, which eventually led to war between the two countries in 1894. The military operations were in favor of the Japanese who inflicted a severe defeat on the Chinese at Pingyang. Withdrawing north of the Yalu River, the Chinese experienced fur- ther reverses. A Japanese army invested Port Arthur, the capture of which was marked by a ghastly massacre of unarmed men, women and children, much the same as that which occurred at Nanking in 1937. The Chinese never forgave their Manchu rulers for the disastrous results of the war with the little brown men. Repercus- sions followed that led first to the Boxer Upris- ing and later to the overthrow of the monarchy and the end is not yet. Japs Frowned On Republic The establishment of the Republic of China in 1911 was in reality unwelcome to the Japanese who much preferred to deal with the decadent Manchu dynasty. Consequently they resorted to all sorts of undercover intrigues to the em- barrassment of the newly established and not yet fully stabilized republic. There is ample evi- dence that Japan took full advantage of civil discord in China to incite civil war by giving financial support to mercenary factions in China as for example, in the notorious Nishihara Loans. But the rulers of Japan did not come out in the open with their aggressions until 1915, during the Great War in Europe, when they presented their Twenty One Demands to China. the obvious intent of which was to place Japan in complete control of China. Japan was halted, however, by the strong protests from America and Europe. At a later date came the disclosure of the infamous Tanaka Memorial, the author of which, General Baron Tanaka, in 1928 did everything in his power to thwar't the successful Northern Expedition under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek that led to the unification of China, even to the extent of armed aggression at Tsinan. But the atrocities committed by the Japanese at Tsinan only served to deepen the dislike of the Chinese for the over-bearing aggressive islanders. Feared Strengthening Of China The success of the Northern Expedition and the apparent growing unification and progress of China served only to whet the appetite of the Japanese militarists who now began to reason among themselves that the Government of Generalissimo Chiang and his associates must be stopped at all costs lest China grow too strong. Accordingly the Manchurian Incident was manu- factured by the Japanese Kwantung Army in 1931. Upon the most flimsy pretexts the Japanese invaded the whole of Manchuria, the real reason being that Chang Hsueh-liang the ruler of the three northeastern provinces, had aligned him- self with the new government at Nanking. The Japanese Navy succeeded in starting another war of its own at Shanghai in 1932. After the Japanese Navy had taken a drubbing from the Chinese, the Japanese Army was called in a bitter struggle that actually checked the Japanese until they resorted to a flanking movement against the less well-equipped Chinese. The Japanese gained possession in the end of the field at Shanghai but at a cost, for the Chinese then knew that the Japanese were not invincible and that Chinese soldiers could match the islanders on the field of battle when the conditions were fairly even. fered some revealing information on this subject to the O'Mahoney Temporary national economic committee. Using figures of the National Resources Com- mittee, of which he is a member,,Mr. Dennison It Seems-To Me' By HEYWOOD BROUN I'm afraid people will fail if they attempt to blow Deatherage out of the window with nothing but raucous laughter. In all logic that ought to work. The man seems disarmingly silly, but of late the word has suffered much from those sinister things which can come, out of sheer stupidity.t Lucifer remains in the background, and the field work is done by the dumbest of the demons. Possibly that is the very danger in the case of demagogues who seem wholly fantastic fictional creations and who most obviously burlesque themselves.f Brighter folk is camouflaged hide-1 outs pull the strings and all the timeR the crowd roars at the antics of some dancing doll the way of destruction is being prepared around them. I Hitler was an object lesson in point. He seemed a clown from whom no real harm could come in the begin- ning. In his meek days in Munich,= when he was trying to interest paint-I ers in his dim and conventional water colors, it seemed inconceivable that here was the man who could destroy3 the culture of a great people and1 threaten that of all the world. But it happened. * * * Give Humorists A Chance1 And so I do not think it will be well for Americans to commit them-< selves to a complete hysteria in the< case of Deatherage. He is no morec ridiculous than der Fuehrer in thei days of his incubation. But just the same I do not think that humor should be set aside utterly as a useful weapon. It has a bad name right now with serious-minded1 people. You will hear that humor is; the yward's livery and that anybodyp who cracks a joke #r coins an epi- gram is betraying freedom, and thet good life into the hands of the Fas- cists.c But it is quite possible that the fault lies not in the blade but in ther practitioners who have attempted to' wield it.I They used to say that the Ku Kluxt Klan was laughed out of existence.t I'm not sure that's true, but therec were wisecracks and punishing car-a toons which didn't do it any good. V A joke can have teeth in it. Humor is by no means invariably an escape from reality. So instead of takingI cracks at wit and humor as institu- tions we ought to be more critical of the work of the wits and humorists. They need not be either louder or funnier, but they must learn to call their shots. Too often the funny pieceI or the funny column is like a sheriff'sk shooting. There is grave danger that some innocent bystander will get the bullet in his leg while the culpritv makes his getaway. We need another Mark Twain or Ring Lardner, or Bernard Shaw withr twenty years shaved off. These aret not things to be obtained in any short1 order lunch room. But I firmly be-t lieve that somewhere there is beingt prepared a young man who can usec satirerwith all the deadly accuracy of a young David. Smooth And Round There are smooth pebbles lying in the brook fit to pierce the thick skulle of the giant Goliath who stands in1 front of his army and challenges the world to battle. He can be broughtF down with a simple flinty piece of good hard truth. Back goes the arm, the missile flies, zowie, and another faker bites the dust.< And the trick lies in control as well as speed. The man of God, as I re- member, hit the monster of Gath squarely between the eyes. The hum-< orist will get no place in particular by peppering the Fascist leader around the ankles with buckshot. When a real satirical stone is loosed the hurler should remember the old adage which runs, very nearly, "If] you strike at a tyrant you must kill him." * * * Advice To The General I have never met Major General George Van Horn Moseley. In fact, as far as I can remember, it has not even been my privilege to gaze upon his picture. Sight unseen, I conjure him up as an old gentleman with a long white mustache who fairly bristles with military pomp, patriotism, and excel- lent intentions. Certainly no charge hurled at any man by the Dies Committee should be accepted in whole or substantial part without check and doublecheck. The General has a right to his day in court, and he has already an- nounced that, far from being a Fas- cist, he merely seeks to lead true Americans in defense of traditional democratic principles. And so it is in a friendly spirit that I would like to offer a word of cau- tion and advice to the retired soldier. General, in spite of the intensity of your devotion to the American way your place is in the ranks and not in the pivotal position of staff officer behind the lines. Time is a great leveler, and age lays its finger mnon the hras hatsa w ell DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30 P.M,; 11:00 A.M. on Saturday. (Continued from Page 2)j will be open from 8 to 12 a.m. and 1 to 5:30 p.m.-, Seniors: The firm which furnishes1 diplomas for the University has sent the following caution: Please warn graduates not tohstore diplomas in cedar chests. There is enough of the moth-killing aromatic oil in the average cedar chest to soften inks of any kind that might be stored inside them, resulting in seriously damaging the diplomas. Shirley W. Smith. The Angell hal Observatory will be open to the public from 8 to 101 tonight. The moon and some interesting stars will be shown through the tele- scopes. Children must be accom- panied by adults.a Literary Seniors: Important that you order caps and gowns now from Moe's Sport Shop. No deposit re- quired. Cap and Gown Committee. Senior Engineers: A limited num- ber of the mimeographed lists of seniors which were not used at the Annual Senior Engineers' Banquet can be obtained in the Secretary's Office. These lists include the name, department, home address, and plans for next year of each senior. Academic lNotices Final Doctoral Examination of Mr.k Lowell F. Bailey will be held on Saturday, May 27 at 1 p.m. in 1139 Natural Science Bldg. Mr. Bailey's field of specialization is Botany. The title of his thesis is "The Water Re- lations of Some Western Grasses and of Robinia Psuedo-Acacia."l Professor F. G. Gustafson, as chair-1 man of the committee, will conduct the examination. By direction of ther Executive Board, the chairman has the privilege of inviting members of the faculty and advanced doctoral candidates to attend the examination and to grant permission to others who might wish to be present. C. S. Yoakum. Final Doctoral Examination of Mr.t Leon A. Wilber will be held on Sat- urday, May 27 at 2 p.m. in the East Council Room, Rackham Bldg. Mr. Wilber's field of specialization is Edu- cation. The title of his thesis is "TheI Relation of Knowledge of Facts to Power: A Study of the Relationship between the Growth-which Secon- dary School Pupils Make in Factual Knowledge of History and the Growth which They Make in Power to Solve Civic and .Social Problem ." Professor S. A. Courtis, as chair-@ man of the committee, will conduct the examination, By direction of the4 Executive Board, the chairman has1 the privilege of inviting members of1 the faculty and advanced doctoral candidatesrto attend the examination and to grant permission to othersa who might wish to be present. C. S. Yoakum. Students expecting to concentrate in English: On Monday, May 29; the examination in foreign language willc be given at 7 p.m. in Room 2225 A.H.t and the examination in English at1 8 p.m. in Room 2225 A.H. Earl L. Griggs. Psychology Master's Comprehen- sive Examination will be held todayf at 2 p.m. in Room 3126 N.S. English 102, Make-up for second ex- amination wlil be held today at 11 a.m. in Room 1025 Angell Hall. J. L. Davis. Fine Arts 192. Wednesday, May 31. Special meeting at Museums Building front door, 5 p.m. (Bring your own equipment); followed by Special Re- view 7 to 9 p.m., in Architectural School Auditorium. Final Examination, German 1, 2, 31, 32. June 7, 2-5 p.m. German 1.- 25 Angell Hall. All sections. German 2.- 1025 A.H. Schachtsiek, Sudermann, Pott. West Lecture Physics. Willey, Ry- der, Diamond, Gaiss. 101 Economics. Philippson, Eaton. B Haven Hall. Striedieck, Graf. German 31.-. -' C Haven Hall. All sections. German 32.- 301 University Hall. Scholl. West Lecture Physics. Diamond. 201 U.H. Wahr. C Haven Hall. Van Duren. 101 Economics. Eaton. 101 Economics. Philippson. 306 U.H. Reichart. West Lecture Physics. Gaiss. B Haven Hall. Graf. Biological Chemistry Seminar: To- day from 10-12 a.m., Room 319 West Medical Bldg. "Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides-The Alloxazine- Adenine-Dinucleotide" will be dis- cussed. All interested are invited. its regular meeting today at 3 p.m. in the West Conference Room of the Rackham Building. The following concert will be played: Beethoven; Symphony No. 5 in C minor: Tschai- kowsky; 1st Piano Concerto: Ravel; Daphnis and Chloe. All students are invited to enjoy these concerts, which may be heard from the terrace as well as in the Conference Room itself. The Michigan Christian Fellowship is sponsoring an open lecture on "The Bible-To Believe It-Or Not," to be given in the North Lounge of the Michigan Union tonight at 7:45 p.m. The speaker is Dr. Wilber M. Smith, Associate Member of the American Schools for Oriental Re- search. The Michigan Christian Fel- lowship, under whose auspices the meeting is being held, invites the stu- dents and faculty to attend. If time permits at the close of the meeting, Dr. Smith will answer questions from the floor. The Lutheran Student Club will go to Clear Lake this weekend. The group will leave today at noon from Zion Parish Hall, and will re- turn Monday morning in time for classes. All those wishing to attend should make reservations with Carl Guldberg, 9445. Coming Events The Graduate Outing Club will meet at 4:30 p.m. Sunday, May, 28, and will go for a hike. A picnic sup- per will be served at Lookout point, and the group will return by 7:30. All graduate students are welcome. All University Women: There will be a steak roast on Monday evening, May 29. The group will meet at the Women's Athletic Building at 5:15. The cost will Je approximately 35 cents. Please sign up -at WA.B. or call Jane Brichan at 6944. Bethelehem Student Guild outing to Pleasant Lake's Club on Bass Lake. Cars will leave the church at 3 o'clock Sunday afternoon. Please make res- ervations by calfing 7840 before Sat- urday noon. The Michigan Christian Fellowship will hold its regular Sunday after- noon meeting in the Fireplace Room, Lane Hall at 4:15 p.m. Visitors are welcome.. Churches St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Sun- day: 8 a.m. Holy Communion; 9:30 a.m. Junior Church; 11 a.m. Kinder- garten; 11 a.m. Morning Prayer and Sermon by The Rev. Henry Lewis; 4 p.m. Students' and Young People' Picnic at damp Newkirk. Cars leave Harris Hall at 4 p.m. First Baptist Church, Sunday, 10:45 a.m. Dr. John Mason Wells will preach on "America Faces the Future." The music will be in harmony with Mem- orial Day. The Church Schools meets at 9:30 a.m. The Roger Williams Guild, stu- dent organization, will hold its cus- tomary Arboretum meeting on the hill at the east side of the Arboretum. The group will leave the Guild House at 5:30 p.m. A picnic supper will be served and a devotional meeting- will follow. First Church of Christ, Scientist, 409 S. Division St. Sunday morning service at 10:30 a.m. Subject: "Ancient and: Modern Necromancy, alias Mesmerism and Hypnotism, Denounced." Golden Text: Ezekiel 13:9. Sunday School at 11:45. Unitarian Church, State and Hu- ron Sts. 11 a.m. Last of forum series, on the topic "Relief and the Public Good," discussed by Mr. Howard Preston, county relief administra- tor, and others. Cello solo by Miss Gratia Harrington. First Presbyterian Church, 1432 Washtenaw Ave. 10:45 a.m., Morn- ing Service. "The New Past" is the subject of Dr. W.,P. Lemon's sermon. Palmer Christian,,at the organ and directing the choir. 6 p.m., The Westminster Guild, student group, supper and fellowship hour. This will be the last meeting for this school year. Weather per- mitting, the service will be held in the out-of-door theatre. A discussion on "Our Ideas of God" will be led by Dr. Lemon. Disciples Guild (Church of Christ) 10:15 a.m., Morning worship, Rev. Frederick Cowin, Minister. 4:45 p.m., The Guild will meet at the Guild House, 438 Maynard Street, to go for a picnic and vesper service. If weather conditions are unfavorable, the meeting will be at the Guild House at 6:30 p.m. This is the last meeting of the school year. Reformed and Christian Reformed More Accomplishments Of The WPA .. . SINCE its inception in 1935, the WPA has served as a butt for stock jokes. There are thousands who look upon it as a form of New Deal extravagance, expending millions to accomplish little or nothing. These "knockers" who are so quick to find fault would do well to investigate just what work the WPA is accom- plishing. Marking another milestone, the WPA Sewing Project has established a Detroit factory for the production of clothing to be distributed to 40,000 needy people. It is one of the most modern power plants of its kind in the United States, and will give employment to 2,000 certified WPA workers under the supervision of a staff of 12 non-certified men and women. Just as important as the, garments being manufactured, is the .fact that 2,000 WPA work- ers are being trained to do work through which they will be able to find means of supporting themselves for life. Instead of having 2,000 men and women sitting idly by, perhaps sustained by a dole, they are industriously employed, mak- ing garments needed by others out of employ- ment. In this way, the self-respect of the workers is maintained and at the same time, they are taught a real trade. Garments distributed through the Project help rehabilitate the recipients. In many cases suits given to men were the first new garments they had received in 10 years. The effect of a new suit under such conditions is bound to be helpful. Social workers equipped to make studies of