PAGE FOUR THE MICHIGAN DAILY SATUW AY, APRML 1, 1939 ....... ... THE MICHIGAN DAILY - - .. S1 Iil - -.tA c ~o~ wn tm.~x "I'D,.'G Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and SumrAi r Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to t or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. - Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by mail, $4.50.. hEPRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERTISING yB" National Advertising Service,;Inc. College Publishers Representative 420 IMADISON AVE., NEW Y~oRK, N. Y. CHJCAG ' BosTON *'LOS ANGEUS SN FRANCISCO Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1938-39 Board of Managing Editor. Editorial Director. City Editor . Associate Editor. Associate Editor . . Associate Editor . . Associate Editor Associate Editor. . Associate Editor Book Editor . . -.. Women's Editor . . Editors' *Robert 3D. Mitchell * .-Albert P. Mayio . Horace W. Gilmore Robert I. Fitzhenry . S. R. Klelman . . Robert Verlman * . .Earl Gilman * . William Elvin . . Joseph freedman * . . Joseph Gies . . Dorohea Staebier Ru . udBenjamin Business Department Business Manager. . . . . Philip W. Buchen Credit Manager . . . ,. Leonard P. Biegelman Advertising Manager . . . William L. Newnan Women's Business Manager . . Helen Jean Dean Women's Service Manager . . . Marian A. Baxter NIGHT EDITOR: MALCOLM E. LONG The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Polish Students Fight Nazi Threat .. D ISPATCHES from Warsaw yesterday reported that students at Lwow (Lemberg) University adopted a resolution pledging themselves to devote one month of the summer vacation without pay to building fortifications on the German frontier. The students of Poland have given their answer to a "threat of fascism. Their action has been dictated by the threat of violation of their country's territorial integrity. They had no al- ternative but to build, and perhaps to fight in, fortifications against the enemy. The necessity has not yet arisen for American students to build actual fortifications against fascism. Yet the need exists for defense mechan- isms against fascism even in the universities of the country. These defense mechanisms, if they are built right now, will obviate the necessity of building fortifications against fascism later. One of these defense mechanisms is seen on this campus in the All-Campus peace committee, which is sponsoring a strike against war April 20. The program of this committee recognizes that fascist aggression is the real war danger to- day and that "appeasement" and isolation mean selling out to fascismi. Support of the All-Cam- pus peace strike means strengthening of inter- nal defense mechanisms now so- that we will never have to give up a month of our vacations to building fortifications against fascist aggressors. -Carl Petersen The Umbrella Man; How Does He Remain?.. . NOTHING is so exasperating and seemingly so inexplicable as the con- tinued incumbency of Neville Chamberlain as Britain's Prime Minister whose blundering in- eptness (or is it deliberate policy?) is more and more clearly revealed as Germany continues to rumble and roar. Realists in this country are asking them- selves in a painfully repititious fashion why it is that England's people do not take the umbrella man and kick him out with all his baggage of Henderson, Halifax% and the other sorry carica- tures of democratic diplomats which make up' His Majesty's government. There are many reasons of course why the Birmingham burgher and his clique are not thrown out headfirst, but Kingsley Martin, edi- tor of the New Statesman and Nation indirectly gives one of the most important and probable explanations. In an article in a recent New Republic on Britain's press, Martin presents some points which, while they may not be new, deserve to be cited here because of the importance of empha- sizing one of the terrifying problems which face citizens in a democratic nation-the main- tenance of a free press. It is not new, though it is strange, that issues of Time magazine have been kept from the English bookstalls, that English films are cen- sored for political reasons, that one of England's a free press in England depends on the structure of the British newspaper industry. Contrary to the American set-up, the British press is con- trolled by a few great commercial trusts, and aside from a few papers like the Manchester Guardian, liberal daily, and the Yorkshire Post, conservative journal, the great-circulation pa- pers are controlled and directed by London. The vast majority of English people, Martin says, read the Rothermere press, or the Beaver- brook press, or Lord Southwood's Daily Herald, the News-Chronicle and the rest of the "so-called Cocoa Press," or the Camrose press. Since the number of individuals who control the English press is small, and since the owners have inter- ests inextricably tied to those of the Chamberlain ministry, it is not a matter of difficulty of coer- cion to hush-hush opposition to the Chamber- lain government. Where willful and deliberate policy of the concentrated control of the English press does not succeed in muzzling the journals, strict libel and "disaffection" laws manage to scare silence into them. Thus under the Incitement to Dis- affection Act, a printer whose views may be entirely opposed to the periodical which he prints, is held liable before the law for what issues from his presses. Under this act, a man may be convicted, according to Martin, for his presumed intention; "He may be held guilty of an offense if he has in his possession literature which the court holds that he intended to pub- lish and which might make a soldier or sailor seditious or mutinous if it were shown to him." Ths act plus the Official Secrets Acts with its provisions for punishing the imparter and the receiver of any information obtained during the course of one's tenure of office under the Crown, and the power of compulsory interro- gation which are given to the police can place any reporter or editor on trial as though he were a spy "if at any time he divulges some- thing, it may even be inadvertently, which the government does not wish to see published." "Britannia," they say, "waives the rules"-the rules which made her the oldest and strongest large democracy of modern times. -Albert Mayio By JAMES DOLL (Editor's Note: James Doll, who designed the set- tings and costumes for the current production of "Two Gentlemen of verona," is writing about them in this space. Mr. Doll was formerly Drama Editor of The Daily and is now Art Director for the Detroit Federal Theatre.-N. K.) Settings And Costumes Costumes and settings for most -good plays should be merely a means to help the director and actors in conveying a playwright's intentions to an audience. They have no right to intrude themselves on an audience except perhaps in a spectacle. Settings, especially for Shakespeare, should be functional. Scene must follow scene withoutj pause if the flow of comedy is not to be inter- rupted or if the tragedy is allowed to accumulate.j The audience must not be given a moment to come back to reality and realize it is in a theatre. In a modern play in many scenes the play- wright consciously or subconsciously allows for a pause. And if the settings are at all realistic there must be a pause no matter how many mechanical devices of the modern theatre are used. Shakespeare wrote his plays for continu- ous performance. Consequently scenes as a rule are not built to an effective "curtain." And there is no filler at the beginning of scenes to give the audience a chance to look at elaborate settings and other paraphernalia. Furthermore, when Shakespeare and the other Elizabethans want us to know the locale, they tell us. Many times it is not mentioned because it is not important. Probably the playwright him. self had no idea where the action was supposed to be taking place. This is especially true of the frequent scenes in plays where the First and Second Gentlemen describe the plot or comment on it. Such scenes might be supposed to be taking place in a street, a corridor, or an ante-room. Actually they are merely taking place on the forestage of an Elizabethan playhouse. That is why a primarily functional arrange- ment of curtains and levels was used in the current production of "Two Gentlemen of Ver- ona." Such an arrangement must always be a collaboration with the director who, in the pro- cess of studying how he wants to play his play on the stage, will decide where he wants his scenes to play and how he wants them to relate to each other. After such an arrangement is de- cided upon, it,-is decidedly of secondary import- ance what the settings look like. Of course, if they can help define the mood and style of the play so much the better. In the Two Gentlemen the settings are decora- tive because the play itself has this quality. It is decorative as to language and style and highly romantic as to character. In its main plot' it relates more closely to the convention of love poetry of the period than to the theatre. In its comedy scenes, of course, it is purely of the theatre and based on a long tradition. Costumes, too, help to define the mood of a play. But they are more intimately associated with an actor's individual performance than settings are. A costume is merely inanimate ma- terial that must be brought to life by an actor and made a part of his performance. This iS as true of the rags worn by a Dead-End kid as it is of an elaborate creation worn by a star in a period play. The designer, of course, must consider them as a part of his whole scheme. In they current production, Elizabethan cos- tumes are used. Any others would seem to me TODAY in WASHINGTON .by David Lawrence- WASHINGTON, March 24.-Far from healthy is the situation which has just been precipitated between the President and some of the Demo- cratic lcaders in Congress. It is not just a piece of ordinary friction between the executive and leg- islative branches of the government, but a contro- versy which is deeply rooted ,in the entire busi- ness situation confronting a nation which might well be striving not only for national unity in troublous times of international stress, but for economic recovery as a social and humanitarian endeavor. The statement issued by Chairman Eccles of the Federal Reserve Board apropos of the dif- ference of opinion between Congress and the President is in some respects one of the most remarkable that has come from a key executive in the Federal establishment. It is as forthright as it is unprecedented. For Mr. Eccles concedes that a majority of both houses of Congress believe business recovery can come from a curtailment of expenditures and a balanced budget and he whallenges the legisl- tive leadership to go ahead and cut the budget. He says that, believing as he does in democracy, the majority should have its way, much as he disagrees that budget cutting can produce the desired result. Executive Branch A Minority What Mr. Eccles is saying in effect is that the position of the executive branch of the govern- ment is a minority viewpoint. In a parliamentary government, of course, under analogous circum- stances, the executive would resign and make way for an administration in harmony with the majority of the legislators. As head of the Fed- eral Reserve Board, Mr. Eccles occupies a posi- tion of large responsibility, and his discussion is not related to party politics or factional strife. He has defended "deficit spending" as an emer- gency measure and has indicated that, until private spending is able to take care of the un- employed, the maintenance of purchasing power through continued public spending is logical and inevitable. Mr. Eccles knows enough about politics, how- ever, and the operations of pressure groups to be- lieve that a budget cutting program offered in Cngress will hardly materialize. So far as spend- ing is concerned, the record of Congress is just as extravagant as that of any executive. It prob- ably would have been a better way for Mr. Eccles to have stated the situation had he an- nounced that Congress feels the impact of Ameri- can public opinion, which wants spending stopped, but does not have the nerve to curtail expenditures. There would have been nothing new in such an assertion, for Congress has not taken the matter of appropriations in hand heretofore.. Senator Byrd of Virginia, Democrat, has been persistent- ly pointing out the danger of lump sum appro- priations and wants Congress to take back its power to appropriate for specific items. But the Virginia Senator, like Senator Pat Harrison, chairman of the Senate Finance Com- mittee, feels that the budget cutting should not be a case of small boy tactics, with one side try- ing to put the other in the hole. Both these Sena- tors and others on Capitol Hill are saying there ought definitely to be cooperation between the- Democrats on Capitol Hill and the White House. Evidently the conferences which have been held thus far are not regarded as "cooperative," but as merely a reflection of the battle that is going on as between the proponents of "deficit financing," and the "budget balancers." Situation. Reaching Climax Recently it has been apparent that even the school of thought which wants spending reduced is not arguing for an immediate balancing of the1 budget, but wants to see a definite trend in that direction established-a reversal of the tide of public spending. If this is to be the policy, the Administration insists that a start should not be made on the relief rolls, but in other fields of expenditure, yet, the moment any particular, series of appropriations is touched, there is a hue and cry from those affected. The situation here is rapidly coming to a cli-- max because these months are crucial ones for the Democrats, The Republicans, in rather sar- donic glee, think that the more the DemocratsJ fight among themselves, the more disgusted will public opinion become as it demands a complete change in government in the elections next year. If the Republicans-had been mischievously plan- ning it, they could not have wished for a better exhibition of how not to run the majority party, which has the full responsibility in the eyes of the people for the present business situation. The Academic Trek Dr. Walter A. Jessup, in the twenty-third an- nual report of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, of which he is presi- dent, presents a picture of the college population of today that will be surprising to many, though it is in character with the high mobility of life in general. This is suggested by a paragraph in which he discusses the problem of the "mobile student." For the college students are "one the move." They go from institution to institution, or out into the world, in a constant stream. "Theoretically," says Dr. Jessup, a student enters the freshman class and proceeds to his gradua- tion at the end of the fourth year. But in reality +h cen a i +h rvir v C-1 ,rv; -..C . I VJ £1.ry (Editor's Note: Junior is in again.) MY faith in beauty cohtests has been restored! Ever since the judge at the state fair told my beam- ing mother I should have been en- tered in the livestock exhibit (under "pigs") rather than the most beau- tiful baby selection, I have had a deep burning disdain for all such phony contests. It was more or less of a passive dislike, however, until the spark was fanned into an active distrust by the Ice Carnival Beauty Queen hoax. If Jack Brennan is a beauty queen then I had no right copping top honors as a prime pig. But now my faith in beauty con- tests has been restored. Once again the blue ribbon can take its place in the symbolic heaven as standing for something other than beer. Yessir, when they pin that old blue ribbon on Eli, the Beta bulldog, as the reign- ing campus beauty it will signify a return to gullibility, a casting off of a skepticism that has caused me to even question the right of way. Editorial commitments prevent me from campaigning in Eli's behalf, but the mere fact that he (I think it's he) has been recognized and is in the running is enough. Beauty is no field in which to draw mentality lines, and we are glad that bigotry and preju- dice have at last been removed. When contacted last night for a statement, Eli (who was humming a couple of bars from "Trees," his campaign song) was non-committal. Naturally, he said, he was pleased by the whole thing, and if selected, would do his utmost to get on Harry Wis- mer's Casino of the Stars program. With that note, he dove into the gar- bage can for his evening facial. T IR. FARLEY'S agent brought the following yesterday: Dear Junior: I have lost faith with my land- lady! The old hag cornered me as I was going out to lunch. Her watery blue eyes boiled with in- dignation as she told me the rent had been due on the 16th. Stam- mering fool that I was, I should have asked her for sheets that I couldn't mistake for mosquito netting; I should have recom- mended her to a vacuum cleaner salesman, etc. I should have known: instead of a crackling "good morning" I got only silence. The fact that she caught me washing my socks probably helped strain our so friendly rela- tions (when I engaged the room). There is no fire-escape that I can use in coming or leaving.Damn the witch! yours, -Yelept. CONVERSATION piece: The stu- dentwhstood in front of the Union ballot box yesterday asking in an embarrassed voice: "Do you think they'll count it? I forgot to sign it." * * * OVERHEARD department: In a local cokemporium: "Well, it looks like war." "Yeah, and I'll be glad. It'll break. the monotony."~ "Uh huh," returned the other dreamily, "but I do hope they have good beer over there." * * * ASIDE Lines to Sec: You can take the day off tomorrow also as I' have some more dope on Louis Unter- meyer to report. Incidentally, he liked very much that little "Looie thing" we printed last week. -Junior Americanism Week Time was, and not so very long ago, when to profess a belief in American- ism was a simple statement .clearly defining one's political philosophy. The significance of such a statement was as obvious as an expression of a belief in Christianity or in mother love. But things have grown more com- plex, if one is to accept any of the numerous definitions of American- ism advanced by certain groups loudly claiming a monopoly on this trait. The groups referred to have one thing in common and that is a prerequisite requiring anyone subscribing to their particular brand of Americanism to hate those persons and things which stand for beliefs opposing their own and to suppress every manifestation of these opposing views. They are also alike in that they pursue their opposition with an obsession that approaches fanaticism. Whatever Americanism may mean, by no stretch of the imagination can it embrace any group founded on hatred, whether that hatred be direc- ted against Jew, against Christian or even against Communist or Nazi. No group can subscribe to 100 per cent Americanism unless it likewise subscribes to the principle of toler- ance for the rights of minorities so clearly stated by the Bill of Rights. Such tolerance does not imply su- pine acceptance of onosina views nor (Continued from Page 2) be open all day Saturday and Mon- day afternoon from 3 to 5 p.m. to take payments. Attention University Employees: Whenever possible charge all personal long-distance telephone calls and telegrams placed through the Univer- sity telephone system, to your resi- dent phone. Herbert G. Watkins. 1939 Mechanical Engineers and Graduates: Your attention is called to the notice on the bulletin board regarding the visit of the representa- tive of the Saginaw Steering Gear Division of General Motors. The Cap and Gown Committee has chosen Moe's 711 N. University, as its headquarters. It advises fittings be- fore spring vacation. No deposit is necessary. $1.50 is required when the cap and gown are picked up. The University Bureau of Appoint- ments and Occupational Information has received notice of the following Michigan Civil Service Examinations: Institution Band Music Director, salary range: $130-150, April 7. Housekeeper, salary range $95-110, April 7. Highway Electrical Engineer, sal- ary range, $325-385, April 13. Complete announcements are on file at the University Bureau of Ap- pointments and Occupational Infor- mation, 201 Mason Hall; office hours: 9-12 and 2-4. The University Bureau of Appoint- ments and Occupational Information has received notice of the following United States Civil Service Examina- tion. Last date for filing of applica- tion given. Junior Observer in Meteorology $1,- 440, April 17. The complete announcement is on file at the University Bureau of Ap- pointments and Occupational Infor- mation, 201 Mason Hall. Office Hours: 9-12 and 2-4. Military Ball: Tickets now on sale at Regimental Council office, West1 -Engine Annex, for Advanced Course and Reserve Officers. Office will be open 2 to 5 p.m. today and every afternoon next week. No reservation of tickets will be made. Academic Notices English 150 and 298 (Playwriting). Mr. Loughran will read his play at the meeting next Monday night, April 3. Kenneth Rowe. All June Graduates in the College of Architecture, Schools of Educa- tion, Forestry, and Music should fill in grade request cards at Room 4 U.H. between April 3 and April 7. Those failing to file these cards will assume all responsibility for late grades which may prohibit gradua- tion. Final Doctoral Examination of Mr. Yuan Lay will be held on Saturday, April 1, at 2 p.m. in the East Council Room, Rackham Building. Mr. Lay's field of specialization is mathematics and the title of his thesis: "The Im-] bedding of the Skew Part of a Bili- near Function in Linear Associative Algebra." Professor G. YmRainich, as Chairman of the Committee, will conduct the, examination. By de- cision of the Executive Board, thel Chairman has the privilege of invit- ing members of the faculties and ad- vanced doctoral candidates to attend the examination and to grant permis-1 sion to others who might wish to be1 present. C. S. Yoakum., Concerts I Student Recital. Ruth Krieger,' Seattle, Washington, violoncellist, will give a. recital in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the degree Master of Music, Monday, April 3, at 8:15 o'clock, in the School of Music Auditorium on Maynard Street. Celia Chao will play her piano accompani- ments. The general public is invited to attend. Exhibitions Exhibition, College of Architecture: The premiated drawings submitted in the national competition for the Wheaton College Art Center are be- ing shown in the third floor Exhibi- tion Room, College of Architecture. Open daily, 9 to 5, except Sundays, through April 4. The public is cor- dially invited. Exhibition of Modern Book Art: Printing and Illustration, held under the sponsorship of the Ann Arbor Art Association. Rackham Building, third floor Exhibition Room; daily except Sunday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.; onl view through Saturday, April 1. Exhibition of Paintings by David Fredenthal and TTHln Mav .hnwn 4, at 4:15 p.m. in the Rackham Lec- ture Hall under the auspices of the Institute of Fine Arts. Harland Danner, Michigan athlete, will present a lecture on "Life with the Lacandones" at the Lydia Men- delssohn Theatre, Wednesday, April 5, at 8:15 p.m. This lecture will be illustrated with motion pictures tak- en during Danner's recent visit among the primitive Lacandone n- dian tribe of southern Mexico. Tick- ets will be on reserve at the box of- fice Monday, Tuesday, and Wednes- day. This lecture, sponsored by La Sociedad Hispanica, will be in Eng- lish. Events Today The Angell Hall Observatory will be open to the public from 8 to 10 on Saturday evening, April 1. The moon and selected stars will be shown through the telescopes. Children must be accompanied by adults. The Bach B Minor Mass, as record- ed by the London Philharmonic So- ciety will be played at Lane Hall this afternbon at 3:30 (first half), and this evening at 8:00. There will be scores for those who wish to follow the music. All students are welcome. Roger Williams Guild, tonight, 6:15 p.m., at Haunted Tavern; 33rd Annual Banquet. Special guest and speaker, Mr. William H. Genne, Stu- dent Secretary and Director of Men's Activities for Michigan State Col- lege, at People's Church, East Lan- sing. For reservations, call 7332. The Michigan Dames Bridge Group cordially invite all married students to a mixed bridge party at 8 p.m. tonight at the Michigan League. If interested call Mrs. Bacon 23022 or Mrs. Riley 3839. Coming Events German Table for Faculty Mem- bers: The regular luncheon meeting will be held Monday at 12:10Op.m. in the Founders' Room of the Michigan Union. All faculty members interest- ed in speaking German are cordially invited. There will be a brief infor- mal talk by Dr. Hans Hecht on, "Die praktische Durchfuhrung des Sterilisationsgesetzes in Deutsch- land." Faculty, College. of Engineering: There will be a meeting of the Facul- ty on Monday, April 3, at 4:15 p.m., in Room 348, West Engineering Bldg. The program for this meeting in- cludes the consideration of a recom- mendation from the Committee on Scholastic Standing as to Honor Points for graduation and for the Home List; a report from the Stand- ing Committee, and routine business. Faculty, School of Education: The regular luncheon meeting of the fac- ulty will be held Monday noon, April 3, at 12:15, Michigan Union. The Women's Research Club will meet Monday, April 3, 1939 at the Univerity Hospital. Please meet promptly at 7:30 in Room 1016 of the Hospital. The speakers will be Miss Dorothy Ketcham and Miss Dor- othy Beise. Junior Research Club. The April Physics, will speak on "Auditory Fa- 4, at 7:30 p.m. in the Amphitheatre of the Rackham.Building. Mr. R. H. Nichols, Department- of hysics, will speak on "Auditory Fa- tigue with Reference to Measurement of Subjective Harmonics," and Pro- fessor H. L. Kohler, Department of Mechanical Engineering, will speak on "Recent Advances in Piston Ring Design." The Graduate Education Club will meet Monday, April 3, at 4 o'clock in the Graduate Education Library, University Eelementary. School. Dr. Fritz Redl and Dr. George Myers will speak on Guidance. All graduate students taking work in Education are cordially invited to attend. Re- freshments will be served. Eta Kappa Nu: Meeting in the Union on Sunday, April 2, 7 p.m. for actives and 7:30 p.m. for pledges. Room will be posted. Eastern Engineering Trip: The $21 prepayment for the trip must be paid to Miss Bannasch, Room 274, West Engineering Bldg., Monday or Tuesday, April 3 or 4. Gallery Talk by Mr. Jean Paul Slusser on the Exhibition of Paint- ings by Helen May and David Fred- enthal, presented by the Ann Arbor Art Association; Alumni Memorial Hall, Sunday, April 2, at 3:30 p.m. Choral Union Rehearsal. The re- hearsal of the Choral Union on Sun- fsa Apri 9 o ril mh f. -4.1wo I DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30 P.M.; 11:00 A.M. on Saturday. 4 I