THE MICHIGAN DAILY TUR

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

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31 I

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Edited and managed by students of the University of
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Board of
Managing Editor
EditorialtDirector . ,.
City Editor . .
Associate Editor.
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor
Associate Editor,
Book Editor .
Women's Editor .
Sports Editor -

Editors
. Robert D. Mitchell
* . Albert P. Mayio
. Horace W. Gilmore
. Robert I. Fitzhenry
S. R. Kleinan
* . Robert Perlman
..Earl Gilman
William Elvin
Joseph Freedman
. . Joseph Gies
Dorothea Staebler
. . Bud Benjamin

Business Department
Business Manager . . . Philip W. Buchen
Credit Manager . . eonard P. Siegelman
Advertising Manager . William L. Newnan
Women's Business Manager . Helen Jean Dean
Women's Service Manager. . . Marian A. Baxter
NIGHT EDITOR: DENNIS FLANAGAN
The editorials published in The Michigan
Daily are written by members of the Daily
staff and represent the views of the writers
only.
Democratic
Elections .. .
YESTERDAY on this page we printed
a letterfrom a group of Catholic stu-
dents who hold that the Loyalist Government
of Spain was neither democratically elected nor
democratically maintained. Presumably they in-
tend in subsequent letters to justify Franco's -
revolt against the Spanish Republic on this
basis. And so it is with extreme regret that we
concern ourselves with the election of February,
1936 when we should be writing an obituary-
directly of the Spanish democracy, indirectly of
a few million Americans, French, English, Ger-
mans, Italians and what-nots who will go the
way of all flesh a little before their natural time
as a result of Loyal Spain's fall.
The main thesis of the letter is that by un-
scrupulous means the Popular Front won a dis-
proportionate number of seats in the Cortes in
the February elections of 1936.
The letter states that out of 9,408,514 Spanish
voters who went to the polls, 5,051,955 voted for
the Rightists and Centrists and 4,356,559 went
to the Popular Front, while the distribution of
seats in the Cortes resulted in 266 seats for the
leftists, 52 seats for the Center and 165 for the
Rightists.
The first point to be made is that the mixing
together of Rightist and Centrist votes to get
a popular majority over the Popular Front is
a perversion of fact. The people of Spain voted
for one of three alignments, as the writers of
the letter themselves acknowledged when they
speak of the distribution of seats of the Cortes.
The popular distribution of votes according to
official figures quoted in the Foreign Policy Re-
port of Jan. 1, 1937 and Buell's New Govern-
ments in Europe was as follows: 4,206,156 for the
Popular Front, 3,783,601 for the Rightists, 681,-
047 for the Center. Deputies in the Cortes were
distributed as follows: 258 for the Popular Front,
62 for the Center Parties and 152 for the Right.
The second point to be made is that the elec-
toral system which determined the distribution
of seats (to popular vote) in the election was
the same system which in 1933 had given the
Right Center control. It was the same system
which in 1933 gave 369 deputies to the Right
Center and 92 to the Popular Front, though the
latter had about half the popular vote, according
to the Journal des Nations, Jan. 31, 1934.
The third point to be made is that the Leftists,
according to Lawrence Fernsworth, a Roman
Catholic who, for many years, was a correspond-
ent in Spain, won a popular majority despite
wholesale corruptions and irregularities on the
part of the Right - which in such provinces as
Cuenca, Granada and Orense used the armed
forces of the state to prevent its opponents from
voting, or simply falsified returns, as was amply
proved in the Cortes afterwards.
The fourth point is a quotation from a speech
of Manuel Portela Valladares leader of the Cen-
trist Party, made before the Cortes October,
1937:
"These are grave and solemn moments, so
solemn and grave that we cannot help but be
stirred by them. That is why I will speak to
your hearts.
"This Parliament is the symbol of the Republic,
it is Spain's legal title to life. My first duty to

ment to the Popular Front, because I was con-
vinced-as were the Rightists-of its victory.
The members of my cabinet agreed with me
that it was our duty to hand over our powers
immediately, so we resigned on Feb 19."
The writers of the letter quote, against thi.
evidence, from the first president of the Span-
ish Republic who was recalled soon after the
February elections by action of the Popular
Front. Of this man, the chapter on "Spain Un-
der the Republic" in New Governments in Eur-
ope, has this to say: "President Alcala-Zamora
and Miguel Maura represented the conservative
point of view, their revolutionary aims going
little further than overthrow of the King an
establishment of a democratic republic. Both
were Catholic, both represented the land-own-
ing classes, and both had recently been converted
to Republicanism. The return to constitutiorj
government satisfied their principal revolutionary
demands." Incidentally, Alcala-Zamora had had
two of his estates occupied by land-hungry'
peasants in the first flush of the Popular Front
victory.
Not satisfied with this rather questionable
aurce, a man who had every personal reason to
hate the leftists, the writers give quotations, of
which the most insidiousis the New York Time
article. This story was written by the pro-fascist
Carney whose blundering anticipations of Fascist
vicfories were often written as actual fact when
they were nothing but the white hopes of a poor
newspaperman trying his best to make copy.
Note the clever way of writing an "impartial"
news story by citing Rightists who "sound a note
of alarm .
If Carney's article is the most insidious, the
Bishop's letter is the most dangerous because
of the high position of its authors One ma
well question the statement of a group, the
most powerful of the arch-enemies of the Re-
public, because the latter had taken from iol
vested prerogatives. Where its figures on the
election came from, it alone knows.
If Carney's article is the most insidious, and
the Bishops' most dangerous, surely the most
ridiculous is the quotation from Gil Robles, lead-
er of the Catholic party, the monarchist who
'took his oath to the Republic with his fingers
crossed, who represented in its cruelest and
most unremitting'characteristics the reaction of
the Right Center biennium of 1933-35, whose
voice was loudest in asking the death penalty
for the Catalan chiefs who dared set up an
autonomous Catalonian state.
Against the quotations of the writers of the
letter we have presented materials from what
we think will be generally accepted as much
less partial sources. The excellent and thorough-
ly documented study in the two Foreign Policy
Reports of Jan. 1 and 15, 1936, Fernsworth's
artices in Foreign Affairs, John Gunther's chap-
ter on Spain in Inside Europe, Raymond Leslie
Buell's New Governments in Europe must be put
against the statements of Gil Robles, the Catho-.
lic Bishops, Alcala-Zamora and Von Vollen-
hoven, all of whom with the exception of the
last mentioned had a direct interest in opposing
the far-reaching but moderate reforms which
a Popular Front government had set out to give
the Spanish people.
-Albert Mayio
Shake Out
The Dice .
A FTER THREE MONTHS of passing
the buck to local authorities, Gov.
Frank Fitzgerald has finally called upon the
State Police to enforce the anti-gambling laws
In the first week of his administration, the
Governor insisted that this was a matter of
local concern and almost immediately the large
gambling houses in East Detroit, Billy Chester-
field's and Chalet opened their doors to suckers,
one and all. Newspapers printed daily business
reports of the "knock-em-down and drag 'em
out" activities in East Detroit, while local con-
stabularies and rustic mayors hemmed and
hawed, took in a little roulette on the side-
but made no pretense of enforcing the law of
the State.
It had been widely rumored that the Chief
Executive had more than a passing interest ik
gambling in the State, and his commendable
move Monday is a convincing step to silence

such rumors. However, words will not clear the
State of gambling houses.
The State Police force has a big job on its
hands.
-Norman A, Schorr
Marital Relations.
Two years ago, the University of Oregon toyed
with the idea of having a marital relations course,
just as Hawaii students did last year.
Today Oregon students are having their
courses in lectures, open to the entire student
body. In fact, during the recent series of lectures
on love and marriage on the Oregon campus,
classes were moved up to another day at the
same hour so that studuents might attend a
lecture given by a bishop on "Home Sweet Home
or Just a Hangout."
It took two years to arrive at the stage of
having classes dismissed for such a course. Ii
may take us two; it may take more. But if we
want the course, student action must be taken.
Last year, in Ka Leo's poll of opinion on this
subject, students expressed indifference. This
year, the small minority that approved of the
course is again asking about it.
Does the student body want such a course, or
do a large number of students think such a
course beneficial to themselves as human beings
and citizens? Just what the reaction among the
students is, we do not know.
The editor of Ka Leo will welcome any student
opinion along these lines.
-Ka Leo 0 Hawaii

WASHINGTON, March 8-There is a drive on
to make "intermediate" credit available to the
small businesses of America.
Intermediate credit is distinguishable from
short-term credit in that the borrower has from
five to ten years in which to pay off his loan.
Commercial banks which have been merchants of
short-term credit have lately been urged to go
into the field of intermediate credit, and some
of them are doing so, but it is against the judg-
ment of most of them as to what should be the
true function of a commercial bank, which must
be ready at any time to pay out money demand-
ed by its depositors.
But, as happens so often in discussions of
national policies, the two schools of thought are
not' really discussing the same thing. The com-
mercial banker who insists that he is making
all the sound loans that should be made in his
locality is right, because he is thinking of short-
term credit standards, and so is the small busi-
ness man who says he cannot get the necessary
long-term capital needed for expanding his en-
terprise:
No Capital Available r
"Oh," says the commercial banker, when
"capital" is mentioned, "let the small business
man get it from his friends who will take a stock
interest in his company."
"But," replies the capitalist of the small town
or city, when approached by the small business
man, "I am beset by tax laws which make it
hardly worthwhile for me to take risks. No,
thanks, I prefer tax-exempt securities or cer-
tain and secure investments."
Then, there's another type of comment. It
comes usually from the government officials
and legislators who, for the last four or five
years, have heard the story about the need for
intermediate credit and are frankly skeptical.
They point to the Reconstruction Finance Cor-
poration and to the Federal Reserve banks,
which were empowered by Congress to make
direct loans to industry.
Confusion Exists
Why, they ask, if there was a demand, didn't
this satisfy the needs of small business men?
The answer is to be found in the fact that the
standards set up were really based on short-
term credits and on liquidation of the debts in
too-large amortizations, or else in an insistence
on collateral or security which the borrowers
could not give. The other day, the president of
a large western commercial bank who has be-
come convinced, unlike many of his brethren,
that there is a need for intermediate credit,
wrote this pertinent comment in a letter to a
government department:
"Both the Federal Reserve banks and the
R-F.C. have been authorized to make term loans
to small business, but, as the standards they
have set up are not very greatly different from
the standards of the commercial banks, neither
agency has obtained a significant volume of
such business."
There is a sympathetic interest at the treas-
ury department with the study of the inter-
mediate credit problem and also at the Securities
and Exchange Commission, where Peter Nehem-
kis, director of investment studies, is about to
make a survey for the Temporary National
Economic Committee.

TODAY in
WASH INGTON
-by David Lawrence-

, S

t111i S A M F 0 1 Q#
CORRESPONDENCE DAY .
IN TUESDAY'S column we posed a
question about the film "Idiot's
Delight" which we couldn't answer
for the simple reason that we hadn't
seen the Pulitzer Prize play, and
therefore weren't adequately aware
of the changes made in the grist mill
out West. Here's an answer by one
who saw the play and is painfully
aware of those changes.
Dear See:
"What had happened to Sher
wood's bitter theme" in the film ver-
sion of "Idiot's Delight" you asked
in your last column. You gave the
answer but missed some of the im-
plications and misplaced the blame.
The "mask of comedy which dis-
guised the plight of "the Broadway
hoofer and the phoney Russian siren
actually "was too convincing to the
Boy and Girl." Hollywood made
the mask so convincing that "Idiot's
Delight" turned out to be just that.
Despite Robert Sherwood's part in
the writing of the movie script, some
gentlemen on the West Coast suc-
ceeded in' butchering the original
stage version beyond recognition. The
changes that were made from the
play, in which I saw Alfred Lunt
and Lynn Fontaine, indict Holly-
wood for sabotage of a story with a
social message, (though it was weak
enough on the stage).
In the Broadway production a
red-blooded Communist shout-I
ed some very pertinent truths at
the Fascist officers, before he
was shot. On the screen the same
character became a dreamy
preacher of a vague road to
peace.
You had to guess that the of-
ficers were Mussolini's best and
that the locale was Fascist Italy
on the Michigan screen. Behind
the footlights these facts were
unmistakable.
But the ending is a complete con-
demnation of Hollywood's deliberate
soft-pedalling of Sherwood's mildi
questioning. The curtain came down
on the play as the hoofer and the
phoney Russian princess were wildly
banging the piano to the accompani-
ment of a bomb raid. The question
was obviously, "is civilization going
to destroy itself this way?" Holly-
wood gave its own quaint answer: the
bombers came, reduced the hotel to
a shambles and then left, with the
two Americans safe and sound. I
sat in the theatre waiting for a flash
of the hoofer and the Omaha acro-
bat leaning over the rail of a ship
steaming past the Statue of Liberty.
Just 48 hours before I suf-
fered through "Idiot's Delight" I
had had the good fortune to see
the Soviet movie, "The Child-
hood of Maxim Gorky," produced
by people who aren't afraid to
put unpleasant and real things on
the screen. The difference be-
tween this gripping story of the
growth of a boy in a bestial and
poverty-ridden home and Holly-
woo d's slap-stick presentation of
the war and peace question is as
great as the difference between
Walt Whitman and Edgar Guest. I
Bob Perlman.
T HE DEARS John and Bill labor
controversy has been momen-
tarily lost in the Dears John and
Homer Martin split. Bob Friers,
Michigan student, whose experiences
include a jaunt around the world
and organizing for the UAW, was a

personally - appointed reporter of
Martin's rump convention. And here
is his story:
The Lincoln Brigade veterans of
the Spanish Civil War are now liv-
ing at that Communist hotbed,
Schiller Hall, in Detroit, where- they
are acting asabodyguards for the
anti-Martin faction of the AuAto
Workers and maintaining practically
a military barracks. This hall is in
reality an arsenal containing shot
guns, revolvers, and billies, all there
for the purpose of coercing the Mar-
tin forces.
At any rate the assembled dele-
gates to Homer Martin's rump Unit-
ed Auto Workers convention gravely
passed a resolution yesterday after-
noon condemning this sorry state of
affairs.
This correspondent could hardly
wait to get to the fortress to verify
this alarming assertion. But on ar-
riving at the spot, a different atmo-
sphere from that described seemed,
to prevail. Instead of the brave ex-
Lincoln Brigade laddies holding out
a la Madrid in a beleaguered citadel
of Communism, there were only a
few dispirited looking Joes playing
rummy in the back room beer parlor.
"Sorry to disappoint you, boys,"
sympathized the financial secre-
tary of the local who trailed af-
ter us as we searched every nook
and corner from basement to
roof, "but we hold a cabaret li-
cense and a city ordinance for-

(Continued from Page 2)
Roth String Quartet Concert, Thurs-
day, March 9, between the hours of
9 and 12 and 2 and 4. Members are
required to call in person and no tick-
ets will be given out after four o'clock.
Academic Notices
Philosophy 139 (Aesthetics) and
154 (Plato). Students enrolled in
these courses last semester may se-
cure their term papers by calling at
303 Mason Hall, Thursday, March 9,
2-3 and 4-5 p.m.
Economics 52: There will be no lec-
ture today.
Make-up Examination: German 1,
2 and 31 will be given on Saturday,
March 11, from 9-12 a.m. in Room 306
University Hall.
Concerts
Choral Union Concert: The Roth
String Quartet of Budapest, will give
a concert in the Choral Union Series,
Thursday evening, March 9, at 8:30,
in Hill Auditorium.
Exhibitions
Exhibition, College of Architecture:;
Photographs and drawings of Mich-
igan's historic old houses made dur-
ing the recent Historical American
Buildings Survey are being shown,1
through the courtesy of the J. L. Hud-
son Company of Detroit. Third Floor
Exhibition Room, Architectural Bldg.,
through March 11. Open daily, 9 to 5.
The public is cordially invited.
Exhibition of Modern Book Art:"
Printing and Illustration, held under
the sponsorship of the Ann Arbor
Art Association. Rackham Building,
third floor Exhibition Room; daily
except Sunday, 8 a.m. to 10 p.m.;
through March 25.
Exhibition, College of Architecture:
Modern hand-blocked linens, de-1
signed by Professor Frank of Ger-
many, loaned to the College of Archi-
tecture by the Chicago Workshops,
ground floor corridor cases. Open
daily 9 to 5 until March 15. The
public is invited.
Exhibition of Prints from the Col-
lection of Mrs. William A. Comstock
and Water Colors by Eliot O'Hara,t
presented by the Ann Arbor Art As-
sociation. Rackham Building, third
floor Exhibition Rooms, daily except
Sunday from 2 to 5 p.m., March 7
through March 21.
Lecturest
University Lecture: Mr. Louis Un-
termeyer will lecture on "The Poet
vs. the Average Man" on Monday,1
March 13, at 8:15 p.m. in the Rack-
ham Lecture Hall under the auspices1
of the Department of English in the
College of Engineering. The public
is cordially invited to attend. t
Dr. Maurice Eisendrath, a Rabbit
from Toronto, will lecture Friday at
four o'clock in the Michigan League{
upon "The Democratic Principles in
Judaism." This lecture is announced
by the Religious Education Commit-
tee. It is open to the campus public.I
French Lecture: The sixth lectureE
on the Cercle Francais program will
take place this afternoon at=
4:15 p.m. in Natural Science Audi-
torium. Madame Arline Caro-Del-
vaille, distinguished French author,t
journalist and lecturer will speak on:l
"Voyage au Perigord." The lecture is
accompanied with motion picture.
Tickets for the series of lectures
may be procured from the Secretaryt
of the Romance Language Depart-
ment (Room 112, Romance Language"
Building) or at the door at the timet
of the lecture.
Events Today

Institute of the Aeronautical Sci-
ences: There will be a meeting at j
7:30 p.m., in Room 1042 East En-
gineering Building. Professor Paw-
lowski will speak on "Early Develop-
ments of Aeronautics in America."
It is very important that all mem-
bers planning to go on the inspection
caused a mild furor in an otherwise
almost unnaturally placid conven-
tion. . After the delegates had passed
this resolution unnoticed in thel
morning, the powers that be decided'
that it should be repassed with more
appropriate fanfare. So it was bland-
ly passed again in the afternoon.
This time there was no slip-up.
The hall thundered to the shouts of
the delighted delegates as the Mar-
tin faction of the UAW became a
lone wolf in the labor movement.
The 300-odd delegates danced on
the labor movement. The 300-odd
delegates danced on the tables as
the band ironically enough struck
up "Solidarity Forever.".
Bert Harris of Flint immediately

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University,.
Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30 P.M.;
11:00 A.M. on Saturday.

trip to Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio.
be present. Final plans for that
trip wil be made at this meeting. Re-
freshments will be served.
Scimitar: All members of Scimitar
are urged to be present at the next
meeting, to be held tonight at the
Union promptly at 7:15 p.m.
Vocational Guidance Talk. Dean
James B. Edmonson of the College of
Education will be the speaker at the
Union Vocational Guidance Talk to-
day at 4:30 in the Union Small Ball-
room.
Association Book Review: Kenneth
Leisenring will review Reinhold
Niebuhr's "Moral Man and Immoral
Society" this afternoon, Lane Hall,
4:15 p.m.
Michigan Union tryouts, freshmen
and sophomores: There will be a
banquet in Room 116 tonight at 6:15
p.m. Your presence is requested.
Ann Arbor Independent Women will
have their regular meeting in the
Kalamazoo Room of the Michigan
'League, this afternoon at 4:30 p.m.
Projects for remainder of the semes-
ter will pe discussed. The meeting
must begin on time so that all will be
able to attend the tea dance.
The Class in Current Jewish Prob-
lems will meet tonight at 8 p.m. Dr.
Rabinowitz will speak on "The Po-
litical Problems of the Jewish Peo-
ple."
Men's Physical Education Club
will hold its next meeting tonight at
9 p.m. in the east conference room
on the third floor of the Rackham
Building.
Dr. Bell has been chosen as the
speaker and the women Physical Ed-
ucation students are invited.
New classes in golf start at the
Intramural Building today. Classes
come on Monday and Wednesday at
3:30 and 4:30 and also on Tuesday
and Thursday at the same hours.
Classes are free to students and to
faculty.
JGP: There will be a meeting of
all women in the singing choruses of
JGP at 4 p.m. today and tomorrow in
the League Undergraduate Offices.
Coming Events
Law School Case Club Trials: The
Case Club courts will hear the argu-
ments of counsel in the Freshman
CasedClub Final Competition on
Tuesday, March 14, at 4 p.m. The
same case will be argued in each of
the four courts before a three-judge
bench consisting of a faculty mem-
her, the regular student judge in
charge of the respective court, and
a senior or graduate student as visit-
ing judge. These hearings are open
to the public and should be of par-
ticular interest to pre-legal students.
The cases will all be heard in Hut-
chins, Hall in the following rooms:
Marshall Club (Judge Clifford
Christenson) Room 218.
Story Club (Judge Bruce M. Smith)
Room 220.
Kent Club (Judge Ralph E. Help-
er) Room 120.
Cooley Club (Judge Thomas Mun-
son) Room 116.
The suit is a proceeding in equity
on behalf of a popular radio crooner
to enjoin a radio broadcasting com-
pany from broadcasting phonograph
records of his vocal selections. The
recordings were made under a royal-
ty agreement with the iecord manu-
facturer with the understanding that
they -were not to be used for broad-
casting purposes, and each disc bore
a stamp stating that it was "not li-
censed for broadcasting." The play-
ing of the records has diminished the
radio audiences and also cut down
the royalties from sales of recordings

Eastern Engineering Trip: All stu-
dents who are going on the engineer-
ing trip during Spring Vacation will
meet Sunday, March 12, in the Mich-
igan Union, to go over the proposed
schedule.
The Outdoor Club invites you to
join them for an afternoon of out-
door recreation and comradeship.
This week we will meet Saturday
at 2:30 p.m., at Lane Hall, for a
,short bicycle ride. Arrangements
will be made for bike rental.
Physical Education for Women: In-
dividual skill tests in physical educa--
tion will be given at the following
hours:
Ice skating: Monday, Tuesday,
Thursday 3:30 to 4:30 p.m. at the
Coliseum.
Swimming: Tuesday and Thursday
at 7:30 p.m. in the Union Pool.
Badminton: Friday (March 10) at
4:30 p.m. at Barbour Gymnasium.

The Editor
Gets Told

Bread And Justice
To the Editor:
The situation of the Catholic Church in Spain
today is well worth the consideration that is
being given it now by Catholics and other men
of good will. It is, however, unfortunate that
Catholic students are limiting their attention
to the reports of only one side of the Spanish
controversy-the reports of partisans of Franco
and partisans of the upper hierarchy of the
Church. The people's side has been ignored; the
result is a badly distorted picture of what has
happened in Spain.
I do not wish at this time to write at length.
All that I care to do is to note that this week
those interested in the problem of the Spanish
Church have an opportunity to hear the other
side of the question from a man who is both
of the Spanish people and of the Spanish Catho-
lic Church. The man is Father Leocadio Lobo,
Doctor of Theology, Doctor of Canon Law, and
Vicar of the Madrid parish of San Gines-
Father Lobo arrived in the United States only
a few days ago. He has come because, as he told
the press last week, the starving people of
Madrid asked him to do so:
"It was the people who obliged me to come.
Go, and speak the truth about Spain, they said.
We are hungry-we mind only for the women
and the children and the old people. But our
hunger is not so much for bread as for com-
prehension, and we want the world to hear
from the lips of a priest the meaning of our
struggle, and why we are ready to die. The
whole world must know that this voluntary
sacrifice of a whole people is not only for
material bread. It is for something far greater.
It is destiny. We struggle and we die for all
people who suffer, for the eternal principles

A