THE MICHIGAN DAILY THE MICHIGAN DAILY Can Sanctions Halt Japanese Invasion Of China--Or Must World War Result? MUSIC In The Air DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of The ftverslty. Copy received at the epee at the Assiteat to the Pre..Mda muCr 3:30; 11:00 am. on Saturdy. !°I II , Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matter herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan as second class mail matter. Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by mail, $4.50. Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1937-38 ASPRBEENTED POR NATIONAL ADVEI4TISING BY . NationalAdvertisingService, Inc. College Publis/o-s Representative 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CHICAGO - BOSTON - LOS ANGELES - SAN FRANCISCO Board of Editors wIANAGING EDITOR...........JOSEPH S. MATTES EDITORIAL DIRECTOR ..........TUURE TENANDER CITY EDITOR ...................IRVING SILVERMAN William Spaller Robert Weeks Irvin Lisagor Helen Douglas NIGHT EDITORS:Harold Garn, Joseph Gies, Earl R. Mlman, Horace Gilmore, S. R. Kleiman, Edward Mag- dol, Albert May1o, Robert Mitchell, Robert Perlman and Roy Sizemore. SPORTS DEPARTMENT: Irvin Lisagor. chairman; Betsy Anderson, Art Baldauf, Bud Benjamin, Stewart Fitch, Roy Heath and Ben Moorstein. WOMEN'S DEP~ARTMENT: Helen Douglas, chairman, Betty Bonisteel, Ellen Cuthvert, Ruth Frank, Jane B. Holden, Mary Alice MacKenzie, Phyllis Helen Miner, Barbara Paterson, Jenny Petersen, Harriet Pomeroy, Marian Smith, Dorothea Staebler and Virginia Voor- hees. Business Department BUSINESS MANAGER ............ERNEST A. JONES CREDIT MANAGER..................DON WILSHER ADVERTISING MANAGER ....NORMAN B. STEINBERG WOMEN'S BUSINESS MANAGER.......BETTY DAVY WOMEN'S SERVICE MANAGER ..MARGARET FERRIES Departmental Managers Ed Macal, Accounts Manager; Leonard P. Siegelman, Local Advertising Manager; Philip Buchen, Contracts Manager; William Newnan, Service Manager; Mar- shall Sampson, Publicationsand Classified Advertis- ing Manager; Richard H. Knowe, National Advertising and Circulation Manager. NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT PERLMAN were's A ew Idea.. . W E WON'T MAKE any bones about this being propaganda. It hasn't anything at all to do with Chinese babies or the State Street slate or the regularity of trains in Italy or the condition of the Romance Language Building-and we're not sore at anybody about anything. But there's a New Idea that we hap- pened to hear about the other day that sounds like it deserves a, healthy pat on the back. The name of the New Idea is "The Association Book Group" and it's a protege of the Student Religious Association. Here's the proposition: Once every two weeks 12 or 15 students drop in at the League on Tuesday afternoon and gather around in a circle of easy chairs in one of the upstairs rooms. One of them gets up and spends a quarter of an hour telling about a book that he's read. Then the rest of the group discusses it, asking questions, disagreeing, and generally bulling, for an hour or so. That's the procedure and this is why it can be made into a really good thing if it's handled right: 1. For the individual it only means reading one outside book a year, while for the group it means getting acquainted with at least a dozen worthwhile volumes. 2. The group isn't going to be a literary so- ciety, but is going to combine reputable litera- ture with pressing and interesting problems of the day in its selection of books. 3. The limited size of the group (or groups) will insure that informal atmosphere which is the only sensible medium for an enterprise like this. It is expected that more than 15 students will be interested,but the sponsors intend that they be divided into groups of that size, functioning separately. The thing ought to go over. There is plenty of room for something of the sort on this campus. Once properly organized, it can do a lot of good with a minimum of effort. Meeting No. 1 is going to be held this Tuesday afternoon at the League. If you're willing to take a flyer at some- thing a little different, we advise you to drop in. County Jails Branded "THE MAJORITY of county jails are stinking, lousy places, unsuited for :habitation." That is the testimony of an expert, Warden Joel R. Moore of Southern Michigan Prison. The language is not pretty, but probably is accurate. At least Warden Moore is not alone in holding such an opinion. A couple of years ago, Sanford Bates, then director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, said: "Under present deplor- able conditions, the local jail often, is a sort of third-degree place in which even a decent, inno- cent man would be tempted to confess a crime that he might get out of jail and into a state institution."I When one considers that in these jails in many cases youthful first offenders come in contact with hardeneI criminals, one must protest that the warnings of these experts must be heeded. -Detroit News. An Editorial I NHUMAN ATROCITIES in China were excoriated in yesterday's correspondence by a pacifist who called for "eco- nomic boycotts" as a means to stop these "mon- strosities." We are surprised that he did not attack this column for its stand of a few days back in which this appeared: "It is evident that American cooperation with the League or the other seven powers in the Nine-Power Pact in economic action against Japan must be backed by the willingness, even the desire, to use military force if such sanctions are not to be futile." On the basis that war can not settle anything the editorial went on to advocate an isolationist stand and the utilization of the "neutrality act." It seems now that it is far from evident to many people that an international economic boycott of Japan means war. An expansion of our view on sanctions seems in order. - If the Japanese are to be "starved out," it is obvious that each nation that is in a position to ship needed raw materials to Japan must with- hold them. What are the possibilities that this will happen? There can be no question of Italy's and Ger- many's non-cooperation with economic sanctions against Japan. The German-Japanese anti- communist pact and the recent withdrawal of Italian aviators from the Chinese army pre- cludes that. Italy and Germany condemning Japan would be much like a resurrection of Dill~nger and "Dutch" Shultz shaking a finger at Al Capone. It is also difficult to believe that some of the fascistic South American countries would give _up an opportunity to reap a bounteous harvest from a fertile market. A paper on "Raw Materials and Colonies" is- sued by the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London tells us that Japan's main difficulties with raw materials would be defi- ciencies in cotton, petroleum, rubber and iron. These shortages would appear to make Japan particularly vulnerable to sanctions. But the appearance in this case is deceiving. China Great Cotton Producer China is the world's third largest producer of cotton, growing 10 per cent -of the world's supply. Most of this is planted in North China. Peiping dispatches indicate that Japan's conquest of North China is near completion. And Brazil would undoubtedly supplement this with her 4.7 per cent of the world's supply of cotton. That the United States controls 60 per cent of the world's petroleum is little consolation when Venzuela taps 9.8 per cent. Moreover the extrac- tion of petroleum products from coal has reached a point where Germany with only 0.1 per cent of the world's oil declares herself self-sufficient. And Japan has a sufficiency of coal. Brazil, in addition to cotton, has rubber to sell. If this does not suffice the Japanese can manufacture their own. A synthetic rubber is on the market now which excels the natural. Its price is from five to seven times that of na- tural rubber. But cost is no deterrent to a nation at war, In regard to iron, Japan is only partly depen- dent on outside supplies. Reclamation of scrap iron would undoubtedly carry her on for several years. If not, Chile produces as much iron as does Japan. But skepticism is always deplored. "Why not attempt to bring all nations into sanctions against Japan before assuming the defeatist garb?" the query might go. Why lower the lifeboats when the iceberg is sighted ahead? Why not wait until the pumps fail? The pumps in this case seem to have been fouled. The Nine-Power Conference seems so surely doomed that none of the three possible skippe'rs will take the wheel. The United States, England and France have all refused to hold the conference in their capitals for fear that the onus of an unproductive discussion will place the responsibility for action upon themselves. * * * * Are Sanctions Desirable? Nevertheless, even if the dreams of the collec- tive security hopefuls come true and sanctions, by some mysterious means, do become effective, is the result a desirable one? It is *certain that effective sanctions would not affect Japan for six months or a year, Possibly longer. It is hardly believable that the Japanese people would realize in this period that they have been led astray by their leaders. They are bombarded by government propaganda. They trust fanatically in the Mikado, who sup- ports the Chinese expedition. It seems more probable that they would become unified under outside pressure, just as the Loyalists of Madrid grimly clench their teeth as Franco's bombers roar overhead. w Then, if the international hold on the Japanese throat should tighten to the point where a drink of petroleum and a chew of rubber is indispensible to a continued battle, would the Japanese give up the struggle? In the World War Germany invaded Roumania and lubricated its war machine with Roumanian oil. Is the analogy too far fetched to say that the Dutch East Indies produce three-fourths as much oil as Roumania and 37.4 per cent of the world's rubber supply? In the World War Germany did not fear 'American entrance into the war. She felt that our supplies to the Allies were injuring her to such an extent that our active participation in the war against her could do little more damage. And she continued her submarine warfare. Japan could hardly feel differently about the Dutch. , It must be remembered that a nation at war suicide. Hara-kiri. Japanese fliers do not carry parachutes. If defeated, they want no escape. Officers in command of minor skirmishes cut their abdomens open if they are decisively de- feated. Invasion Means War The invasion of the Dutch East Indies by the Japanese means a world war. England is sure to become involved on the side of the Dutch. Germany, Italy and certain of the fascistic middle-European states, in return for certain re- muneration, would probably aid Japan. The question of who would win such a war is unim- portant. The point is that there would be war. Isolation, although not an infallible guarantee of peace for America, seems the only practicable solution. However, to those advocates of inter- national cooperation who seek more protection than a "bomb-proof" cellar offers, we tender this suggestion. There is a peace plan more pleasing theoretically than sanctions. It too seems im- practicable. But is indefinitely more worthwhile than economic boycotts and would probably end the bloodshed in the Far East. It is the idea advanced by the Rt. Hon. George Lansbury when he spoke here some time ago: "We should call a new world conference of all the nations-get our experts around the table and have them devise a scheme of dividing the markets of the world equitably and with justice ... What we need is a purge of spirit. We must give up our imperialistic notions." IT SEEMS TO ME By Heywood Broun Many of the critics of President Roosevelt hold against him the fact that he is a superb show- man. I think there should be no ground for complaint in that. In a sense the Chief Execu- tive of the United States is under an obligation to sell the business of government to the people. And when the issues are dramatized in effec- tive fashion the debate becomes more general. Dictatorships prefer to have things arranged with a minimum of free discussion. The meth- ods of Franklin Delano Roosevelt are certainly provocative. Granted that many of his theories are in themselves contentious. I also maintain that he has often flung them out in such a chal- lenging way that he was actually inviting his bp- ponents to declare themselves. Take, for instance, the Supreme Court plan. At the moment we are not discussing its merits. I can think of no other President except pos- sibly the preceding Roosevelt who could have brought the man in the street into the argument on such an abstruse problem. For centuries the average American has regarded all things legal as constituting a kind of game preserve on which only the barristers were allowed to bring their shotguns. But, after all, the judicial is one of the three co-ordinate branches of our system. Surely bits preservation or revision should not be left to a small minority of the members of a democracy. * * * * Everybody's Job Again it seems to me that the threat of war is intensified at such times as our' millions remain ignorant about the issues involved. Practically nobody in America was aware of the fact when the spark was struck which brought about the last world conflict. I do not want to commit myself right off as to whether the President's declarations in the existing international situa- tion seem wise or unwise. Like many of my fellows, I wouldn't know. But, whatever occurs, none of us will have a right to say that the question has not been underlined and boldly put forward into the national forum. Our eyes are opened. The decision should and will lie with us. Certain excellent arguments may be raised in favor of isolation. But even the most ardent ad- vocate of remaining in our own back yard can hardly say that complete indifference or com- plete ignorance will be helpful in framing a na- tional policy. President Roosevelt has been criticized for making what are called surprise moves. And yet in many cases there is ample evidence that these are not in reality snap judgments. The most bitterly unfair thing which has been said by any partisan is the assertion that the Chicago speech about lawless nations was simply pulled out of a hat in order to get the issue of Justice Black off the front page. Many experienced newspaper commentators in Washington are de- cidedly opposed to the President politically, but practically all of them admit that whether for wear or woe the Chicago speech was the fruit of discussion with Secretary Hull and other na- tional leaders. * * * * Surprise As A Technique I think it is sound statesmanship and good stage management to emphasize problems by throwing them out in a dramatic way rather than by having them straggle into the popular con- sciousness by little leaks unauthorized or de-" liberate. Statesmanship must have in it some- thing of the game quality which makes for suc- cess in the theatre. Every President hopes that those things in PLANNED AROUND TOSCANINI But it is around Toscanini's un- paralleled genius and reputation that the undertaking has been planned, and it is for him, the most exacting of :3onductors, the NBC is spending some $400,000 to bring together 96 of the finest artists of this country and abroad into a super-super, all-star symphony orchestra. What willhap- pen with all the instrumental prima donnas thrown together in one re- hearsal room is intriguing to antici- pate. The ability of the players to ad- just themselves to each other and to new and unfamiliar (accoustically) playing conditions, to achieve not only unity and flexibility of tech- nique, but also the equally important solidarity of morale, is a matter of some question. It is a noble undertaking, if also a risky one. It is a signal and neces- sary step forward, by which radio be- comes not merely the friend and abet- tor of the symphony, but a sort of father and protagonist in its own right. But if it is an ill wind that blows nobody good, it is no wind at all that blows no one ill. Old, established or- chestras have been robbed of their leading players; eligibilities for serv- ice pensions have been destroyed and replaced only with a one year con- tract punctuated with a question mark; the competition of the pluto- cratic NBC has raised the pay-level for artists, making it more difficult than ever for the smaller, deficiency- fighting orchestras-which are really the symphonic backbone of the na- tion-to make ends meet. But these disruptions, and the na- tural readjustments which go to mend them, are inevitable with progress in any field. What is a matter of more concern at the moment is the hour for the broadcasts. When Olin Downes, in the New York Times of Sept. 19, announced and approved the choice of Saturday evening from 9 to 10:30 as the appointed time, he drew a whole barrage of disappointed, indignant-and what is more, per- tinent and, to us, unanswerable-let- ters. The managers of the St. Louis and Cincinnati Symphonies were the leaders in a long line of correspon- dents who made, at length and in toto, the following summarized points: BROADCASTS ARE FOR ENTIRE NATION (1). Thursday evening, which best fitted broadcasting schedules and was originally proposed, was later relin- quished because it interfered with the regular subscription concerts of the New York Philharmonic. But where broadcasting is concerned it is the nation at large, not one (even-the local chauvinists notwithstanding - New York) city, which is of para- mount importance. (2). In New York, Saturday night may mean "only" the Students' Series of concerts-but in the remaining, the backwoods portion of the coun- try, Saturday night, almost without exception, is Symphony Night; and local subscribers to the home town concerts would either be unable to hear Toscanini or else unwilling to undergo two symphonic operations in the same evening. Unloyal citizens 1 By WILLIAM J. LICHTENWANGER IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT of the ever-increasing role played by ra- dio in the musical life of the nation, the music department of the New York Sun has announced that hence- forth it will offer reviews, not only of the regular New York concerts and recitals, but of the more important musical broadcasts as well. Oscar Thompson, successor to the late W. J. Henderson as Musical Editor of the Sun, intimates that the reviewing approach for the radio may differ slightly from the usual, since most radio concert programs are planned with an eye to breadth and variety of appeal rather than to artistic depth. And, Mr. Thompson admits, the selec- tion of the few "more important" pro-. ,rams out of the vast multitude of musical broadcasts will probably lead at times to a good deal of quibbling. However, we can think of one pro- gram out of the many planned for the young season which, we wager, will be admitted to the chosen group without ,o much as a solitary quibble. In fact, it was probably the inauguration of this program, more than any other one thing, which brought about the forward-looking decision on the part of the Sun. We refer to the series of Toscanini concerts to be broadcast during the winter by the newly- ,ormed NBC Symphony under the di- rection of the illustrious Italian maestro. Perhaps to label the series by Tos- canini's name is to be both unfair and inaccurate, since the former guest ,onductor of the New York Philhar- mnonic will be in charge for only 10 weeks out of the Orchestra's 52-week Season. The series will open on Sat- urday night, Nov. 13, with Pierre .Aonteux, of the San Francisco Sym- )hony, as conductor for three weeks. Then will come Artur Rodzinski of the Cleveland Symphony for a short stay before Mr. Toscanini finally ar- rives to conduct the first of his 10 broadcasts on Christmas evening. The conductors to follow Toscanini are as yet unnamed. (Continued from Page 3) Candidates for the degree of Ph.D. in the departments listed below who wish to satisfy the requirement of a reading knowledge during the current academic year, 1937-38, are informed that examinations will be offered in Room 108, Romance Languages Bldg. from 2 to 5, on Saturday afternoons, Oct. 30, Jan. 22, May 21, and Aug. 13. It will be necessary to register at the office of the Department of Romance Languages (112R.L.) at least one week in advance. Lists of books recom- mended by the various departments are obtainable at this office. It is desirable that candidates for the doctorate prepare to satisfy this requirement at the earliest possible date. A brief statement of the nature of the requirement which will be found helpful, may be obtained at the office of the Department, and fur- ther inquiries may be addressed to Mr. L. F. Dow (100 R.L., Saturdays at 10 and by appointment). Hillel Foundation: Classes in con- versational Hebrew will begin at 10:30 Sunday morning at the Hillel Foundation. There is no charge for the courses. Concerts Carillon Recital: Wilmot F. Pratt, University Carilloneur, will give a recital on the Charles Baird Carillon in the Burton Memorial Tower, Sun- day evening, October 17, from 7:30 to 8:30 o'clock. Exhibition The Annual Ann Arbor Artists Ex- hibition, held in the West and South Galleries of Alumni Memorial Hall, is open daily, including Sundays, from 2 to 5 p.m. The exhibition continues through Oct. 27. Admission is free to students. EVENTS TODAY Graduate Outing Club: Lane Hall, Sunday, 3 p.m. Transportation pro- vided to Camp Newkirk, Dexter Sports, refteshments and fireside program. All graduate students in- vited. Phi Eta Sigma Meeting: Union 6:30. Important business meeting. Hillel Foundation: Leader, Prof. A D. Moore, "The Machine Age-Some Misconceptions." 8:00, social hour. COMING EVENTS Research Club: Room 2528 E. Medi- cal Bldg. Wednesday, Oct. 20, 8 p.m Speaker: Prof. Bradley M: Patten "Micromoving Pictures Applied to the Study of Living Embryo." Annua election of officers. Council meeting at 7:30 p.m. All Freshman Men: Monday, Oct 18, 4 p.m., Natural Science Auditor. ium. To make plans for class games Full attendance requested. Tryouts for 'Ensian Business Staff: Monday, Oct. 18, 4 p.m., Student Publications Bldg. All students in- terested please report. Phi Lambda Upsilon: Tuesday, Oct 19, 7:30 p.m., Room 303 Chemistry Bldg. Important business meeting Refreshments. Faculty Women's Club: Book Shelf and Stage Section at home of Mrs Ernest F. Barker, 18 Ridgeway, Tues- day, October 19, 2:45 p.m. Geology Journal Club: Room 3065 Natural Science, Tuesday, October 19 Speaker, Mr. L. B. Kellum, "The 17th International Geological Congress in the U.S.S.R." Physics Colloquium: Speaker, Mr Harold Lifschutz, "Recent Innova- tions in Geiger Counter Work, Mon- day, Oct. 18, 1041 E. Physics Bldg. Seminar in Physical Chemistry: Talk: Dr. R. W. Gillette, "The Wave Mechanical Theory of the Covalent Bond with Special Reference to the Resonance Energy. Part I," Wednes- day, Oct. 20, 4:15. ..Phi Sigma Society: Wednesday, Oct. 20, 8:00 p.m., 2116 Natural Science Bldg. Talk: Dr. Kenneth L. Jones, "Bacterial Variation." Visitors invited. Bibliophiles: Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2:30 p.m. at the Michigan League. Iota Sigma Pi: Tuesday, Oct. 19, 7:30 p.m. at the League. All mem- bers urged to attend this business meeting. Deutscher Verein: Tuesday, Oct. 19, 8:00 p.m., League. Talk: Mr. W. F. Striedick, "Reisseindrucke von Deut- Striedick, "Reiseindrucke von Deut- ed invited. Nell Gwyn: Tryouts Monday, Oct. 18, and Wednesday, Oct. 20, 7:30 at the League. See bulletin board for room. University will addess the Guild on the subject, "The University of Mich- igan Around the World." The First Congregational Church, William and State St. 10:45 Service of worship. Sermon by Dr. Leonard A. Parr. His subject will be "Three Things Every Man Should Know." 6:00 Student Fellowship. Student panel discussion led by Mr. Howard Holland. The subject for discussion will be "When Is A Student Well Edu- cated?"' First Methodist Church: 10:40 a.m. Morning worship. Dr. C. W. Brashares will preach on "Give Me Four Years." Stalker Hall: 9:45 a.m. Student class. Prof. John S. Worley of the Transportation°Department will lead a discussion based on Link's book "The Return to Religion." 6:00 p.m. Wesleyan Guild meeting. Prof. Bennett Weaver will speak on "Sources of Power." Supper and Fel- lowship Hour following the meeting. All Methodist students and their friends are cordially invited to attend ,he class and Wesleyan Guild. First Presbyterian Church. Meeting at the Masonic Temple 327 S. Fourth Ave. 10:45 a.m., "If I Were You" is the subject of Dr. W. P. Lemon's sermon it the Morning Worship Service. Mu- sic by the student choir is under the direction of Dr. E. W. Doty. The mu- sical numbers will be as follows: Or- ;an Prelude, "O Lamb Gottes" by Bach; Anthem, "Salvation is Creat- Ad" by Tschesnokoff; solo, "Prayer" 'y Guion.. 5:30 p.m., Westminster Guild, stu- dlent group, supper' and fellowship .our. At the meeting which follows ?rof. Stuart A. Courtis will speak to 'he group on the topic "Can We Have Common Ideas about Religion?" A cordial invitation is extended to all students of Presbyterian affiliation and their friends. St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Liberty and Third: The morning service will be con- ducted by the pastor and begins at 10:45. His topic will be: "Earth has no sorrow that heaven cannot heal." Lutheran Student Club: Prof. John L. Muyskens of the department of speech will be the speaker- Sunday evening at 6 p.m. at St. Paul's Luth- eran Student Club which meets at Liberty and Third streets. His ad- dress on "Personality" will follow the upper. Lutheran students and others nterested are cordially invited to hear him. W Trinity Lutheran Church. Fifth and Williams.. Services at 10:30 a.m. Dr. T. Kantonen of Hamma Divinity School will preach on "Meeting The Vital Needs." Lutheran Student Club will meet in Zion Parish Hall corner of Fifth Ave. and Washington St. Sunday at 5:30 p.m.. Supper will be served at 6 p.m. The Dr. T. Kentonen Ph.D. of Hamma Divinity School, Springfield, Ohio, will be the speaker. His theme will be "Practical Implications of A Student's Faith." Unitarian Church:,11 a.m. service, Mr. Marley will speak on "Two Bos- ton Reformers-Theodore Parker and Edward Filene." 8:15 p.m. Church party, music by Campus Commanders. Harris Hall: Prof. Robert Angell of the Sociology Department will speak to the Episcopal Student Guild Sun- da night at Harris Hall, The meet- ing will begin at 7 p.m. Refreshments will be served. All Episcopal students and their friends are cordially invited. Saint Andrew's Episcopal Church: Services of worship Sunday are: 8 a.m. Holy Communion, 9:30 a.m. Church School, 11 a.m. Kindergarten, 11 a.m. morning prayer and sermon by The Rev. Frederick=W. Leech. First Baptist Church, Sunday, 10:45 morning worship and sermon, Rev. Howard R. Chapman. Roger Williams Guild, 12 noon, fol- lowing church worship, student class meets at Guild House. 6 p.m. the guild meets for address and forum. The speaker will be Dr. Edward W. Blakeman, Counselor in Religious Ed- ucation, whose subject is announced as "Ostrich Christians at Michigan." Social hour and refreshments. Sunday's Program at the Hillel Foundation is as follows: 10:30 a.m.-Council meeting. 3:00 p.m.-Pop concert. 4:30 p.m.-Meeting of the Pales- tine Club. 8:00 p.m.-Forum. Speaker, Prof. H. Y. McClusky, "If I Were a New Student." Social following the forum. Lutheran Student Club Choir will again be organized this year under the leadership of Mr. Clifford Burg. Mr. Burg comes to us with every good qualification and the choir is con- templating a successful year. This 4