THE~ MICHIGAN DAILY THE MICHIGAN DAILY 7- i UII Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. .Published every morning (xcept Monday during the University year and Summer Session y Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights.of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as second class mail matter. /Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $4.00; by mail, $4.50. Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1937-38 iPiRESENTED FOR NATIONAL ADVERTSING Y NatinalAdvertisingService inc. Coee Publshrs Rep esentative 420 MADISONAVE. NE YORK, N. Y. tacA6Co - OSTON * .LOs ANOELES . SAN FANCISCO Board of Editors Managing Editor . . . . Robert D. Mitchell Editorial Director..........Albert P. Mayio City Editor. . . . . Horace W. Gilmore Assocate Editor, . 'Robert I. Fitzhenry Associate Editor . . . . ..Su1 R. Kleiman Associate Editor . ...Robert Perlman Associate Editor....... William Elvin Associate Editor . . . . Joseph Freedman Associate Editor..... .Earl Gilman Book Editor . . . Joseph Gies Women's Editor.. .... Dorothea Staebler Sports Editor . . . . Bud Benjamin Business Department' Business Manager . . . . Philip W. Buchen Credit Manager . . . Leonard P. Siegelman Advertising Manager . . William L. Newnan Women's Business Manager . . Helen Jean Dean * Women's Service Manager . Marian. A. Baxter NIGHT EDITOR: CARL PETERSEN The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. It is important for society to avoid the neglect of adults, but positively dangerous for it to thwart the ambition of youth to reform the world. Only the schools which act on this belief are educational institu- tions in the best meaning of the term. -Alexander G. Ruthven. The New Caesarism.. B ENITO MUSSOLINI'S definition of fascism as a concept of the state in which collectivism replaces individualism, war is exalted and democracy rejected was reaffirmed Wednesday in a new Fascist Party Constitution published in the official gazette at Rome over the signature of Il Duce and King Vittorio Emanuele. "Above all, fascism, as regards the future in general and the development of humanity and apart from every consideration of practical pol- tics, does not believe in the possibility nor utility of perpetual peace," Mussolini's declaration said. "Only war brings all human energies to the imaximum tension and places the seal of nobility onithe peoples who have the virtue to face it." That the methods of the Italian state are fully consonant with this concept has been made ob- vious too often. When Mussolini extends to the world "an olive branch bristling with bayonets," when he boasts that he can place 9,000,000 men in the field, fully armed, when he booms that the totalitarian states present a united international front in the event of world crisis, he does so with the confidence gained in diplomatic triumphs of the past. Italy invaded Ethiopia; Mussolini en- couraged the army revolt that precipitated the current war in Spain; hordes of Italian "volun- teers" and their generals bulwark the Rebel forces; and Italian submarine successfully preyed as "pirates" on Mediterranean trade. Here, then, is the new Caesarism predicted by Oswald Spengler in his "Decline of the West." This glorification of war as a purifying flame from which everything burns forth clean and virile, this belief in the inevitability of armed con- flict, this repudiation of humanism and of hu- manitarianism is more than mere theory now. The concept of "might is right" has returned from the mud in which it was trammeled by the advance of civilization from Barbarism. Saul Kleiman. Memo: T The Fraternities. . THE DAILY has learned on good au- thority that one fraternity house at least has decided to abolish the exchange system of hiring its kitchen helpers. Under this plan, if a member of fraternity A needs or is willing to work, and if a member- of fraternity B needs or is willing to work, the two are exchanged, fraternity member A working at fraternity B and vice-versa. Some non-exchange workers have commented that the practice has led to exchange workers' taking advantage of a superior position to shirk their work, to arrive late and to slow the work of others. It has also been said that the set-up preference being given him because he is a fra- ternity member. But once he is working, he is subject to being fired, exactly as are the others, and no positions would be made open for him during the semester. The Daily hopes that the Interfraternity Council will investigate those houses operating on an exchange basis to determine whether such a state exists, and if it does, make the alternative plan common practice. Joseph N. Freedman. The Editor Gets Told . Letters published in this column should not be construed as expressing the editorial opinion of The Daily. Anonymous contributions will be disregarded. The names of communicants will, however, be regarded as confidential upon request. Contributors are asked to be brief, the editors reserving the right to condense all letters' of more than 300 words and to accept or reject letters upon the criteria of gene8ral editorial importance and interest to the camuus. Education In Spain To the Editor: Your readers might,be interested in the follow- ing figures, gathered from authoritative sources. When the Republic was proclaimed in Spain on April 14, 1931, there were 2,801,675 children of school age in that 'country. The number of cities, towns, villages in Spain is 46,802,, the number of teachers was only 36,680. This means 9,402 places were without any teacher at all. More definitely to suggest the seriousness of the problem it might be well to mention what the conditions were in the two principal cities of the Monarchy, Madrid and Barcelona. In Madrid there were 146,374 children of school age. Forty thousand of these went to public schools; 51,000 to religious schools, and 50,000 did not go to school at all. In Barcelona there were 120,000 children of school age; 30,000 of these went, to public schools, 63,- 000 to religious schools, and 27,000 did not go to school at all. In seventeen years, from 1914-1931, the Mon- archy created 9,000 schools, or a yearly average of 500, with a school budget of 14,314,000 pesetas, and an additional building fund of only 20,000 pesetas. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Republic inherited from the Monarchy a pop- ulation of which 45 per cent was illiterate, after many centuries of monarchial regime. So much for the Monarchy! the Republic, with a clear vision of its duties and responsibilities, at once turned its attention to the problem of education. The first two year of its regime it established 7,882 new schools, voting in September of 1932 a "cultural loan'" of 400,000,000 pesetas for the erection of new build- ings, to be spent over a period of ten years. As a result, the Republic has created more than 27,000 schools in the past five years, 10,000 of which were created in loyal territory in 1937, or a year- ly average of 3,143, with a budget of 140,000,000 pesetas, to be used in territory controlled by the People's Front Government. The salaries paid to' teachers by the Republic in 1936 amounted to 3,724,000 pesetas; those of 1937, 19,832,000 pese- tas. In the year 1937 the Republic spent 14,000,- 000 pesetas for school material and equipment, and made (in the same year) an appropriation of 40,000,000 pesetas for the creation of new schools. So much for the Republic, for Loyal Spain. The Rebels, "the defenders of religion and civ- ilization," dissatisfied with the Republic, pro- voked,,at' first, a civil war, then an invasion. Claiming that "Spain was happiest before mod- ern influences from abroad crept into the coun- try," they promptly began to close Institutes of higher learning. Already they have suppressed the fifty-four institutions here listed: that of Astorga, Lucena, Tudela, Algeciras, Baracaldo, Cazalla de la Sierra, Fregenal de la Sierra, Inca, Medina de Rioseco, Penaranda de Bracamont, Sanlucar de Barrameda, Toro, Villanueva de' Lugo, Bejar, Nova, Trujillo, Aracena, Burgo de Osma, Cervera del Rio, Guernica, La Robla, Mi- randa del Ebro, Portugalete, Santona Utrerar Malaga, La Estrada, Priego, Arevalo, Bentanzas, Carmona, Acharria, Eibar, Haro, Medina del Campo, Nerva, Reinosa, Tafalla, Velez Malaga, Sevilla Ecija, La Linea, Merida, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Rivadeo, Moron, Molina de Aragon, Monforte de Leums, Talavera de la Reina, Zafra, Onate, Santander (Menendez Pelayo), Penarro- ya-Pueblo Nueva, Ronda. In addition numerous primary sphools have been suppressed. Many others have been turned over to the Church and priests and nuns put in charge of them. Your readers might be interested in another item, taken from "The Financial News" of Lon- don, to the effect that up to the first of this year Franco's debt to Germany was 800,000,000 marks; that to Italy 2,500,000,000 liras. All of the above figures are too eloquent to require comment. -J. M. Albalade jo. Relativity Of Physics Courses To the Editor: A letter in last week's Daily concerning the "nerve-wracking situation" in the elementary physics courses made the suggestion "that there be a beginning course in physics for those who have never tackled the subject before-with simpler and amply illustrated texts." There are listed in the catalog of the lit school, physics courses 71 and 72, which give "a non- mathematical presentation of the fields of physics, illustrated with many experiments." The books on the reserve shelf for these courses are not as hard as some college physics texts, and they are amply illustrated. I believe that the instructor would be glad to answer elemental questions about the subject. JfeeinrioMe H-eywood Broun Scientists who go down to the earth w'ith spades seem to me to pursue one of the most fascinating of all vocations. Some one of them comes up with the jewelry of a dead queen, while another is delighted if he can lug away with him part of the backbone of a prehistoric monster. And so it grieves me to read that local pride and petty jealousy has raised its ugly head among the excavators. And Utah, of all places, is the spotwhich would put parish prejudice ahead of the in- terest of world science. Dr. Frederick J. Pack, of the State University, has just announced that he and an - unidentified friend have un- . 4" earthed an eleven-foot hind leg of a brontosaur. "Just two of us know where th rest of that old gentle- man lies," says the geologist. "We dug that out before our funds were depleted. You may rest assured the remainder of the complete skeleton will remain secretly buried until we get money to complete the work." That is the psychology not of science but of the Great Divide. And, just to rub it in, Dr. Pack has invented the slogan, "Utah dinosaurs for Utah museums." I don't know whether he intends to make a polit- ical issue. It seems that Carnegie Institute has taken twelve skeletons from the ancient beds and that the Smithsonian Institute and the American Museum of Natural History have one apiece. Still, Utah has four dinosaurs for its very own, and that is enough for two senators, with a couple left over to serve as representatives in the house. To me it seems as if Dr. Pack were pursuing a brontosaur in the manger policy. If his owr university lacks funds to rouse up the old gentle- man from the limestone where he lies then an in- vitation should be extended to some more pros- perous institution to come around and do the trucking. Too Precious A Secret If Dr. Pack and his accomplice-Heaven for- bid!-were to be called suddenly there would be none to show a waiting world the X which marks the spot where the brontosaur is buried. Cen- turies might elapse before any other excavator stumbled upon the find. Utah's pretty big, and it is to much to expect' even the most ardent of antediluvian investigators to dig up its whole extent. Think of all the beer bottles and tomato cans and old magazines which would be churned up. And somebody might strike rich veins of gold or copper and start another panic. But the present situation is hardly fair to the brontosaur himself. Consider his estate. Eleven feet of his left hind leg are in a museum, but the rest of him lies on the lone prairie. And since a good deal of preliminary scratching has already been done, there is just a possibility that a cat might get him. After all, a geologit should be as polite as a modern feminine hostess. I understand that it is. the custom in a well-run establishment for the lady of the house to rise eventually and check the anecdotes by saying, "hall ie join the gentlemen?" As much shoul " be done for the brontosaur. A monster divided against himself cannot stand. New York Isn't So Bad And what if he is shipped across the state line more accessible to the general populace than any in Utah: In the days of the dinosaur there was no talk of centralization and the rights of local government. All of us lived in the dismal swamp, and ooze was our common lot. They tell me that in the period before recorded history the Great Salt Lake was considered 'way uptown. Indeed, it was known then as Sweeat Water Pond. The giant lizards with their tiny brains swam about and fought and gave hostages to fortune quite unaware that out of the same section King would go one day to the Senate and Harold Ross emigrate to edit the New Yorker. So what if the brontosaur is finally glued together into something like that semblance which he wore in life and put under glass in New York or in Boston? Utah will not be bereft of relics. It can afford to let the brontosaur go East. It still has Reed Smoot. Bils To Pay Mr. Hitler's seizure of Austria, without a shod being fired except by Austrians who committed suicide rather than live under a Nazi regime, was a brilliant coup. It was executed while France, which had previously opposed the anschluss, was temporarily without a government and while Great Britain was so sorely harassed on a num- ber of fronts that opposition from her was not to be expected. In taking over Austria, however, the Fuehrer assumed its liabilities as well as its assets, and, as everyone knows, Austria had plenty of the former. There is, for example, a debt to Great Britain of about $40,000,000 and another to the United States of $64,000,000. These two items alone total more than $100,000,000, which is a lot of money anywhere, and, one would guess, a terrific amount for the German treasury to bear at a time like this. Of course, if the Fuehrer decides not to pay, he has plenty of precedent, since the day has seem- ingly passed when international obligations are a load on anyone's conscience, always excepting THEATRE, By NORMAN KIELL Mr. Doodle Again It was with great interest and re- spect that we read Professor Slos- son's letter in yesterday's Daily rela- tive to the current production of "The Ghost of Yankee Doodle." Our feel- ings about his severe criticism were1 salved when we came to the last para- graph which gave us renewed strength and confidence.1 Professor Slosson takes as his point of departure thgt I would have Mr. Howard mean something else than he did mean. "Every work of art," writes Professor Slosson, "must be criticized from the angle of its own intentions." My agreement is whole- hearted. But does Mr. Howard in his play present his issues clearly? Mr. Howard sees himself as a bemused liberal living in a work that is too chaotic for him to help it at all. It is an absorbing theme, presenting the well-meaning progressive in a1 degenerating universe, and certainly no playwright can be dismissed with a casual word. The fault lies in the1 fact that the playwright himself is so confused that he uses his play not to give voice to any worthwhile com- ments of the middle-path liberal, but1 merely as a catharsis for his own be- wildered musings. Howard Has No Point Professor Slosson points out that my review was based on certain mis- conceptions, saying that "Mr. Howard1 means that life today is often chaotic and futile and that the best any of us can do today is to fumble." That is exactly what I object to. Mr. How- ard does not present a conscientious + point of view; he has no point of+ view; he has nothing positive to say. He is complete ineffectual: that is why I wrote that he "takes a dive in- to the limbo of futility," and char- acterized the playwright as "the ter- nal fumbling liberal." And I do not contend that Mr. Howard should have made his play a stomping ground for rife political and social views or a "simple forthright anti-capitalistic tract"; it is his prerogative to bandy and equivocate to his heart's con- tent. My point is that he leaves his play impotent and dull. What appears to Professor Slosson as the "strangest remark" in the re- view (that American life is present- ed in the play in terms of the upper income bracket), seems to me as only natural and logical. The four people pointed out in yesterday's letter cer- tainly come within this class. Sara Garrison makes annual trips to Eu- rope and she envisages these trips getting longer and longer as she gets older and older. Her daughter has made an extensive trip to North Afri- ca for the purpose of study. One son attends Harvard. Another one, by adoption, has gone through a univer- sity to the extent of securing his PhD degree. The income from the tool and die factory, now facing bank- ruptcy, has for more than 20 years supported not only two families to the extent mentioned above, but aso a money-losing newspaper that would cost, conservatively, $40,000 a year to run. If this family is not of the "upper income bracket," then the U.S. statistics bureau is in error when it says that two per cent of the Ameri- can population owns 60 per cent of the wealth. FRIDAY, MAY 20, 1938 VOL. XLVIII. No. 165 Seniors: The firm which furnishes diplomas for the University has sent, the following caution: Please warn graduates not to store diplomas in cedar chests. There is enough of the moth-killing aromatic oil in the average cedar chest to soften inks of1 any kind that might be stored in- side them, resulting in seriously dam- aging the diplomas. Shirley W. Smith. Undergraduate Women. The closing hour for women will be 11:30 p.m.+ on Sunday, May 29 and Monday, May+ 30. Freshmen in the College of Litera- ture, Science and the Arts: Fresh- men are invited to discuss their aca- demic programs for next year with their counselors before June 1. German Department Library: All books, unless due at an earlier date, must be returned on or before May 23. Cleveland Residents. The Volun- teer Department of the Welfare Fed-; eration of Cleveland is seeking stu- dent workers for the summer. Detailed information and application blanks may be obtained in the Office of the Dean of Students by those interested. Modification sof Rules Governing Participation in Public Activities. Ef- fective September, 1938. I. Participation in Public Activities: Participation in a public activity is defined as service of any kind on a committee or a publication, in a public performance or a rehearsal, or in holding office or being a candidate for office in a class or other student organization. This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but merely is indica- tive of the character and scope of the activities included. II. Certificate of Eligibility. At the be- ginning of each semester and summer session every student shall be con- clusively presumed to be ineligible for any public activity until his eligibility is affirmatively established (a) by obtaining from the Chairman of the Committee on Student Affairs, in the Office of the Dean of Students, a writ- ten Certificate of Eligibility. Partici- pation before the opening of the first semester must be approved as at any other time. Before permitting any students to participate in a public activity (see definition of Participation above), the chairman or manager of such activity shall (a) require each appli- cant to present a certificate of eligibil- ity, (b) sign his initials on the back of such certificate and (c) file with the Chairman of the Committee on Student Affairs the names of all those who have presented certificates of eligibility and a signed statement to exclude all others from participation. Certificates of Eligibility for the first semester shall be effective until March 1. MI. Probation and Warning. Students on probation or the warned list are forbidden to participate in any public activity. IV. Eligibility, First Year. No freshman in his first semester of residence may be granted a Certificate of Eligibility. A freshman, during his second se- mester of residence, may be granted a Certificate of Eligibility provided he has complete 15 hours or more of work with (1) at least one mark of A or B and with no mark of less than C, or (2) at least 21/2 times as many honor points as hours and with no mark of E.(A-4 points, $-3, C-2, D-1, rE-0). Any student in his first semester of residence holding rank above that of freshman may be granted a Certifi- cate of Eligibility if he was admitted to the University in good standing. V- Eligibility, General. In order to re- ceive a Certificate of Eligibility a stu- dent must have earned at least 12 hours of academic credit in the pre- ceding semester, or six hours of aca- demic credit in the preceding summer f session, with an average of at least C, and have at least a C average for e his entire academic career. Unreported grades and grades of a X and I are to be interpreted as E un- d til removed in accordance with , University regulations. - Students otherwise eligible, who in s the preceding semester or summe - session received less than a C aver- age, but with no grade of E, or grad - interpreted as E in the preceding f paragraph, may appeal to the Com- e mittee on Student Affairs for specia y permission. r VI. e Special Students. Special student g are prohibited from participating in s any public activity except by specia permission of the Committee on Stu dent Affairs. VII. Extramural Activities. Students wh are ineligible to participate in publi activities within the University ar 5t prohibited from taking part in othe m activities of a similar nature, excep h by special permission of the Commit o tee on Student Affairs. ry VIII. Pubication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of th University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30; 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. bidden to take part in any public activity, except by special permission of the Committee on Student Affairs. In order to obtain such permission, a student may in any case be required to present a written recommendation from the University Health Service, IX. General. Whenever in the opinion of the Committee on Student Affairs, or in the opinion of the Dean of the school or college in which the student is enrolled, participation in a public activity may be detrimental to his college work, the committee may de- cline to grant a student the privilege of participation in such activity. X. Special Permission. The special per- mission to participate in public activi- ties in exception of Rules V, VI, VII VIII will be granted by the Commit- tee on Student Affairs only upon the positive recommendation of the Dean of the School or College to whch the student belongs. The Bureau has received notice of the following Civil Service Examina- tions: Student Personnel Assistant A, $100 per month; Michigan Civil Serv- ice Exam. Medical Technician (Field Roentgenology), $1,800 a year; U.S. Public Health Service, Treasury De- partment; U. S., Civil Service Exam. For further information, please call at the office, 201 Mason Hall. Office hours, 9-12 and 2-4. Bureau of Appointments and Occupational Information. Rochdale Cooperative House: Appli- cations for admission to the Rochdal Cooperative House for the coming year, 1938-39, are now being accepted. A new prerequisite to consideration, which requires each applicant, to write a 100-200 word essay on the Cooperative Movement, is now in ef- fect. Application blanks are avail- able in Dean Olmstead's Office, Room 2, University Hall, and at the Roch- dale House, 640 Oxford Road. All ap- plieations must be in by Wednesday, May 25. To All Faculty Members and Wom- en Students who have received the questionnaire sent out by the Daily Business Staff are urgently requested to return them immediately' to the Daily. Your cooperation in return- ing these promptly will be greatly ap- preciated inasmuch as it is essential to the success of the survey. Financial Committee of Frosh Proj- ect: Please be sure that all coupon books and lists are turned into Miss McCormick's office in the League by Monday morning at the very latest. Senior Engineers: Attention. Final dispensation of all caps and gowns will be made from the League, Satur- day, May 21 from 9-12 a.m. and 1-5 p.m. Consult League bulletin board for room number. A deposit of $4 will be required, $2.50 of which will be refunded when cap and gown are returned after graduation. Issuances cannot be made unless class dues are fully paid up. All students who will be on campus for the next three years may enter the competition to be conducted at the Michigan Wolverine for the posi- tions of personnel manager, purchas- ing agent and treasurer. One need not be a member of the present working force to apply. Applications will be accepted at the Wolverine office, 209 S. State St., from May 20 to 30, during meal hours. Academic Notices Abnormal Psychology 42 Clinic at Ypsilanti Hospital will be held Friday afternoon, May 20. Busses will leave from the Mall near Natural §cience Building at 1 o'clock. Obtain tickets at Secretary's office, -Psychology Dept. English 32, Section 6 (Mr. Hawkin's section): Assignment for Tuesday, r May 24, "Twelfth Night." English 150 (Playwriting) and Mr. Rowe's English 298. There will be im- portant final announcements at the meeting Monday night, May 23. Ken- neth Rowe. Exhibitions r, - Exhibition, College of Architecture. e Drawings, photographs and maps of 9 Soviet architecture and city construc- tion, also illustrations showing the I historical development of Soviet ar- chitecture from 1918 to the present, loaned through the courtesy of the s American Russian Institute. Third n floor exhibition room. Open daily, l 9 to 5, except Sunday, until May 24. - The public is cordially invited. Exhibition, College of Architectuie: o An exhibition of articles in silver, gold, c enamel and semi-precious stones, for e ecclesiastical and general use, de- r signed and executed by Arthur Ne- t vill Kirk, is shown in the pier cases - at either side of the Library entrance, second floor corridor. Open daily, 9:00 to 5:00, except Sunday, until Miss MacMahon' s Gags As for my other "minor misconcep- tions" in relation to the acting. Pro- fessor Slosson has caught the charac- ter of the Hearstian newspaper pub- lisher Clevinger much more so than the actor who portrayed him. That it would be "as impossible to overact him as to overact Hitler," was actually proved by the performance. Shouting and roaring all over the tiny confines of the Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre would have been done with a much greater finesse and touch of theatrical chemistry by Mr. Hitler. Professor Slosson admits that "some few of the lines" given to Miss MacMahon in her role of Sara Garri- son "are mere gags or wisecracks ar- tificially tacked on to her." If the script is examined carefully, four. fifths of Miss MacMahon's lines are gag-lines pyramided one 'on top of the other. And Miss MacMahon played them for such, not being able to do anything else with the role- a wise move on her part, for she is a first-rate comedienne. In the ma rush to make the 12 o'clock deadline perhaps Miss MacMahon was treat ed too severely, but the blame wa put on Mr. Howard and not the ac- tress. Once again, let me state that I ap preciate Professor Slosson's point of view and that all these remarks ar purely personal opinion. I sincerely feel grateful to Professor Slosson foi his compliments to the Daily and hop that his trust in us in "examinin and discussing the ideological aspect of the drama" will continue. War Games The United States is taking its firs "black-out" with more than a glean of light. The war maneuver whic throws one Connecticut town int darkness while "enemy" bombers tr