THE MJCHIGAN DAILY THE MICHIGAN DAILY '. N -Y7 Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of Student Publications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to. It or not otherwise creditedl in this newspaper. All sights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan, as eecond class mal matter. Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $400; by mal, $4.50. Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1937-38 NEPIR'ESNTD POR NATIONAL. ADVERTISING Y NationalIAdvertismgService, inc. j ~Clic-g. PbMdhrs Reotsxtalve 42o MADIsON AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y. CNI5AO - BOSTON * Los ANGELEa - SAN FANCISCO Board of Editors MANAGING EDITOR...........JOSEPH S. MATTES ASSOCIATE EDITOR............TUU 4 TENANDER ASSOCIATE EDITOR ...........IRVING SILVERMAN ASSOCIATE EDITOR...........WILLIAM C. SPALLER ASSOCIATE EDITOR...........ROBERT P. WEEKS WOMEN'S EDITOR .................HELEN DOUGLAS SPORTS EDITOR ....................RVIN LISAGOR Business Department BUSINESS MANAGER.............ERNEST A. JONES CREDIT MANAGER........ ........ DON WILSHER SADVERTISING MANAGER ....NORMAN B. STEINBER WOMEN'S BUSINESS MANAGER......BETTY DAVY WOMEN'S SERVICE MANAGER ..MARGARET FERRIES NIGHT EDITOR: EARL R. GILMAN It is important for society to avoid the neglect of adults, but positively dangerous for it to thwart the ambition of youth to reform the world. Only the schools which act on this belief are educational institu- tions in the best meaning of the term. -Alexander G. Ruthven The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Two Prisoners * . . HILE THE FAMILY CAR labored overtime- and men and women of Michigan dusted off the big-time collegiana act fast week before the admiring gaze of father, mother, Suzabella and Bill, one 20-year-old former United States citizen was inducted into the routine of an isolated community of 2,745 souls, among whom he is to live during the high- noon of his natural life. Last April 12 the dreary gates of New York's Sing Sing Prison swung open to admit two con- yicted men-Prisoner No. 94,385, and Prisoner' No. 94,388. Prisoner No. 94,385 is a big fellow, well dressed and 49 years old. Unmistakably an aristocrat, he looked more like the Governor of the State making a tour of inspection and he was accorded all the pomp and fanfare of a visiting potentate. In New York City a mob of 5,000 surged behind special cordons of blue-coats in Grand Central Station in a frantic effort to glimpse the man. Countless other citizens lined the streets. When the train stopped and the entourage alighted at Ossining, all eyes sought out the special attrac- tion. Reporters recorded his every action and photographers used yards of film. " Prisoner No. 94,388 was also on the train. He would be a sophomore in college had he gone on to school. As a freshman in Sing Sing his young Irish face contrasts starkly with the hard- ened countenances of his new companions. But time will soften the contrasts. And he has lots of time. Prisoner No. 94,385 is Richard Whitney, New England bred, scion of a historic family, grad- uate of Groton and Harvard, but a Jekyl-Hyde financier. He embessled probably more than five million dollars. He got five years and he'll get out in three if he behaves well. Prisoner No. 94,388 is Johnny Mahoney. No- body's ever heard of him. Nobody'll hear of him from now on either, because Johnny is under sentence of 30 to 60 years for armed robbery. He stole $35. We never would have heard about Johnny at all only the New York Herald Tribune gave him one paragraph in its four column write-up of the Whitney trip to Sing Sing. Robert I. Fitzhenry. No More Knee ends .. . THE REPORT that the new American ambassador to England has decided to abandon the time-honored tradition of pre- senting American debutantes to the King and Queen at the Court of St. James will come as a disappointment to a large section of the social set but reflects genuine sensibility and democ- racy on the part of genial Irish Joseph P. Ken- nedy. Each year the state department receives over 2,000 requests for presentations from which of- ficials must select only 40 or 50 for what the "400" have regarded as the crowning achieve- ments of a social career. State department and embassy officials report finf. th+v rrpmix +he alnfpP ask n rhonnoine must have influenced Joe Kennedy in making the decision. One is that the presentation procedure is un-American, and violates the spirit of the constitution which condemns any official sanc- tioning of an aristocracy or social discrimina- tions of any kind. The second is the cost in time and money of handling, sorting, and replying to the thousands of applications that besiege the embassy in London every year. It is probable that many of the debutantes do not like Mr. Kennedy's decision, but at least it puts them all on the same footing. Richard Kellogg. TH E FORUM To the Editor: Much interest has recently been centered around the experiments which have been car- ried out, first at Duke University and later at a number of other places, indicating the existence of an "extra-sensory" mode of perception by hu- man beings. These investigations, begun about eight years ago by Professor J. B. Rhine, have consisted for the most part of having persons suspected of possessing an "extra-sensory" fac- ulty attempt to guess the designs on the faces of a pack of cards somewhat similar to ordinary playing cards, the conditions being such as to preclude any knowledge through the usual sen- sory channels. If the. number of correct guesses was far in excess of what could reasonably be expected by chance or coincidence, it was con- cluded that some extra-sensory factor was op- erating. The results of these tests have formed the subject of two books and a number of articles in prominent magazines. In recent weeks, there have appeared on this campus persistent rumors, claiming the authority of a member of the uni- versity faculty, to the effectathat Professor Rhine is a charlatan and a quack, and even that he has been proved to have been engaged in the past in dealings of a questionable nature. These rumors appear to have gained considerable cur- rency in University circles here, and it is in order to inquire what basis .they may have. Apparently one is supposed to infer that Pro- fessor Rhine has perpetrated a great hoax on the American public, and that we are justified in rejecting his experiments as evidence for an extrasensory mode of perception. Leaving for the moment the question of his integrity, it may first be. pointed out that if we should reject everything that has been done at Duke, the evidence obtained elsewhere is sufficient to estab- lish a stronger case for extra-sensory perception than exists for many other phenomena which no one hesitates to regard as established scientific facts. Such investigations have been made at a score of colleges and universities embracing hundreds of individuals and hundreds of thou-: sands of card calls; and a wholesale fraud in- cluding all these experiments would be gigantic indeed, and would implicate not only Professor Rhine but a host of prominent and respected persons, including the Chairman of the De- partment of English at Columbia University, the president of a great radio corporation, and the city engineer of a large Michigan city. In short, the matter has reached such proportions that extrasensory perception does not stand or fall with Professor Rhine, and his character has little bearing on the general question. None the less I consider it my duty to state that as an acquaintance-I hope I may say in justice to him, a friend-of Professor Rhine I can but regard these statements as utter absurd- ities. Among those who know him well, he is esteemed above all else for his forthright frank-j ness and scrupulous integrity. The criticism' of the "ESP" investigations fall into three gen- eral classes: (1) fraud, (2) the presence of some subtle form of sensory perception, and (3) some error or wrong assumption in the mathematical evaluation of the data. The first I have already dealt with. Perhaps the best answer to the second is the great mass of data obtained with the subject operating at so great a distance from the cards that no sensory cues were possible. This data alone is easily of sufficient volume to establish the case for ESP. Concerning the third point it should be sufficient to quote the following statement recently issued to the press by Profes- sor B. H. Camp, President of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics: "Dr. Rhine's investiga- tions have two aspects: experimental and sta- tistical. On the experimental side mathema- ticians of course have nothing to say. On the statistical side, however, recent mathematical work has established the fact that assuming that the experiments have been properly per- formed, the statistical analysis is essentially valid. If the Rhine investigation is to be fairly attacked it must be on other than mathematical grounds." It is true that many psychologists, possibly the majority, are not disposed to take these experiments seriously. However, one can- not escape the impression from reading the current journals of psychology that their indif- ference, sometimes amounting almost to an- tagonism, rests not so much on a factual basis as on their reluctance to accept findings which* do not fit in with certain preconceived theories. One is also impressed with the fact that many psychologists apparently have not troubled to read the literature on this subject-one which, if it has any basis in truth, surely contains po- tentialities of far-reaching consequence to hu- manity. The practice of slinging mud at those with whom one disagrees is common among politicians but ill befits a university scientist. I prefer to believe that the gentleman in question has been misquoted or that his statements have been greatly exaggerated. -Thomas N. E. Greville. Instructor in Mathematics. "Students who feel the need of using something to keep them awake so they may study during Jifeinr lo je' 1eywood Broun A news dispatch from London does much to explain the present policy of the English Cabinet. It seems that Leslie Hore-Belisha, the Secretary of War, believes in mermaids. This has just been revealed by an article appearing in a London magazine called Lilliput. The story of the meeting between Little Leslie and the lovely lady from the sea was first set down by the mother of the distinguished statesman, but he himself has added a fore- : w word in his own hand penned on the stationery of the War Department. Pos- sibly it was written in some haste, since Hore-Belisha goes to Rome next week to pay a party call on Mus- solini. According to the story, which I assume occurred some few years ago, Little Leslie put out to sea in a rowboat. It toppled over and bashed him in the water. He was beyond his depth even in those days, but "a most lovely apparition with streaming hair glided toward him." Hore-Belisha testified in his foreword that all this really happened. She had eyes of the deep- est blue ... most wondrous of all was her body . . . it tapered off into a slender curve which sparkled and reflected every color. "The lovely lady took Little Leslie into her home beneath the waves. She confided to him that the namer of her estate was the Palace of Truth." Seeming- ly he was on the beach being worked upon with a pulmotor. Les Is Foolish I think Little Leslie was a fool to come up. He could have remained in the Palace of Truth instead of ambling off to Rome, hat in hand, to make obeisance to Mussolini. And I fear very much that the Duce will take him in even as the mermaid did. However, the whole incident gives a clue to the nature of British foreign policy. The entire Cabinet appears to have set out to sea in a skiff buoyed by the hope that in the hour of crisis they may be able to catch some lovely mermaid by the fin and be towed to se- curity. Neville Chamberlain has not yet taken the country into his confidence, but it is fair to as- sume that he cries himself to sleep each night' with the works of Hans Christian Andersen. Un- fortunately in negotiating with Mussolini and Hitler, Neville is dealing with ,the brothers Grimm, neither of whom seems to believe in everything which may be read in the story books. And so I think it is a mistake for Chamberlain and the rest of the Ministry to shelve Britannia and pledge complete allegiance to Snow White. Still it must be admitted that the members of the Cabinet are all of a perfect mental stature to serve that little lady. ,k , * * 4 No Monopoly Exists However, England is not the only land which knows statesmen who run pell-mell to get away from reality. Many a political leader at home and abroad has ventured out to sea without either chart or plan in the dim hope that some magical creature from the floor of the ocean will turn up in time to save him. Such adventurers should remember that may- be there are not enough mermaids to go around. After all, there are so many Little Leslies sitting in places of power. And the wishful thinkers who cannot keep their feet on the ground should also be reminded that the sea has whales as well as apparitions with streaming hair. Fairy stories have their virtues, but I think the time has come for statesmen to put away child-i ish things. The world today stands in greater need of pulmotors than of mermaids, and the voters should get rid of amiable and eccentric leaders who insist on hanging around aquariums. Denatured Drinks Because of a patent granted in Washington the glass that cheers need not inebriate, even when it contains a high, percentage of alcohol. A physician from Vienna has produced a com- pound which he asserts to be both tasteless and harmless but, he insists, will keep the imbiber as sober as a judge should be. No doubt the inventor is high minded, evei though the regular medical man will regard him as unethical if the patent is used for pri- vate profit. But it is a question whether this fill- ing a long felt need will also fill a long-felt want. The man who lines up at the bar instead of at the soda fountain craves something stimulating in his blood stream. He may want to keep sober but he does want a kick. It is doubtful whether the invention will attain any great success at social gatherings and the after-dinner speaker will loath it. The secret of success on such an occasion is to have the audience in a mellow state that will make old jokes sound new and a flow of language seem like oratory. -Boston Globe. "Today a school is made known by its athletic teams. Even in our own time we have seen great universities grow as the result of success- ful athletic teams. This is the condition existing today, and a wise school will take advantage of it." The ultra-practical editor of the St. Thomas College Aquinas believes in making hay while the athletic stars shine. "Man is no longer a nersonality hut a civil FORUMI Basis Of Theory To the Editor: First of all let me try to make a more clarifying statement of my stand on economic theory in the be- ginning courses Ec. 51 and 52. I am concerned with the educational method. And that concerns me most because when I took these twp courses no other fact was impressed upon my mind more deeply than the fact that students like myself were disgruntled; they were not learning fundamental economics; but even more-some were not seeing that economic ideas and concepts were handy tools with which to under- stand the society of which they are a part.tI contend that there are two reasons for this state of affairs: (1) The ground work upon which economic theory is based was not built up, or developed in the student's mind, so that when he encountered an abstract theory or theoretical generalizations he had no "place" to tie them down. If theory is not tied down it becomes a jumbled mess; becomes hazy; becomes misunder- stood (2) That in order to even ask real questions in his attempt to under- stand economic theory (and there is no doubt that students did make a sincere attempt) the student had to learn a new language; not just the lingo of economists in general, but in particular, the concepts of ortho- dox-theory economists. There are two ways of teaching students about a foreign land with a foreign tongue. One, is to place the 'newcomer' into this foreign land and tell him he must stay there for one year. (This is in a sense what happened to sophomores and others taking economics 51 and 52). A sec- ond way is to inform the student of his trip, to the foreign land; inform him as to what he may expect to find and to guide him in his preparation, for the trip. The first way is dan- gerous in that the new student may-, be overcome with shock and/or be easily led to complete misunder- standing of economic theory as well as economic activity. The second method seems to be much safer and more advantageous. Concretely it would envolve (1) giv- ing a short recapitulation of Ameri- can history in terms of economic ac- tivity (in first half of first semes- ter). (2) Show the student the pres- ent more recent social trends in the light of capitalistic enterprize (sec- ond half of first semester). (3) Then in the second , semester launch the1 student into his foreign land-hisI trip, redefining terms in so far as one leaves the land of real economic ac- tivity and eniters into a land of1 theory.] Those who advocate teaching theory first, will contend that stu- dents will not understand economic1 activity without having had theory first. I emphatically disagre~e. Cer- tainly factors of economic impor- tance involved in the founding of the American colonies, the westward movement, the tremendous expan- sion, the industrial revolution and its problems and the series of wars' can be made clear to incoming stu- dents without going into marginal utility. Certainly one can teach the economic importance of the' decreas- ing birth rate, the aging population, the increased urbanization, the shifts in occupational structures without going into the "law of one price" and the "law of diminishing returns." I am not saying that all theory will be excluded, but rather that the emphasis on theory will come in thessecond semester-where logically it should. The happenings in past history of American capital- ism and present' economic tenden- cies will have been pointed to stu- dents. They will have built up a base high enough and solid enough in their minds, thus allowing an adequate tieing place for any and all economic theory that is offered. This as yet does not satisfy C.F.B.'s fair charge that economic theory has its place and for that rea- son he is going to take more of it. But as Frank H. Knight says in his "The Limitations of Scientific Meth- od In Economics," "There is an ab- stract rationale of all conduct aris- ing through the organization of ra- tional activity. We cannot tell what particular goods any person will de- sire, but we can be sure that within limits he will prefer more of any good to less, and that these will be limits beyond which the opposite will be true." Again he says, "These prin- ciples (of economic theory) are only less abstract than those of mathe- matics." Alright, if the Economics department is interested in inocu- lating sophomores with economic ab- stractions-they must build up a body of fact and knowledge to do that abstracting with. They must build up that "body of fact" in the student's head. In other words re- verse the present method and show and explain to students economic activity first-and then present these abstract principles of theory. If one is at all, interested in edu- cation and clear thinking it seems to me that the fallacies of the present method of teaching economic theory in hpoinninou r sres mwAld hvne-Inno- (Continued from Page 2) Courses offered in Decorative Design D.D.2, Principles of Design. D.D.4, Theory of Color. D.D.5, Pattern Design. D.D.31, Advanced Design in Color. Students interested in this work should consult Professor H. A. Fowl- er, Decorative Design Department, 345 Arch Bldg. Advanced work in interior and furniture design, DD. 61, will be given by Profesor C. B. Troedsson. Those interested in this course should inquire at the office of the College, Room 207. Exhibition An Exhibition of paintings by Er- nest Harrison Barnes and of paint- ings and pastels by Frederick H. Ald- rich, Jr., both of the faculty of the College of Architecture, is presented by the Ann Arbor Art Association in the North and South Galleries of Alumni Memorial Hall, April 18 through May 1. Open daily includ- ing Sundays from 2 to 5 p.m., ad- mission free to students and mem- bers. Lecture University Lecture: Miss Marjorie Daunt, Reader in English Language, University of London, and Visiting Lecturer, Smith College, will lecture "The English Accent-What Is It? How Is It?" on Thursday, April 28, at 4:15 p.m. in Natural Science Audi- torium under the auspices of the Department of English. The public is cordially invited. Events Today Mathematics Club. Will meet Tues- day, at 8 p.m., in Room 3017 Angell Hall. Professor T. R. Running will speak on "Graphical Graduation of Experimental Data in Two Vari- ables." Professor P. S. Dwyer will speak on "Some Theorems on Cumu- lative Totals, with Applications." Faculty Women's Club: The Book Shelf and Stage Section will meet at at the home of Mrs. W. W. Sleator, 2503 Geddes Ave., Tuesday, April 19, at 2:45 p.m. Mrs. Hempstead Bull is assisting hostess. Tuesday Afternoon Playreading Section: Meeting this afternoon in the Mary B. Henderson Room of the Michigan League at 2:15. The Music Section will meet at the home of Mrs. Lewis M. Simes, 1617 Morton Ave., on Tuesday, April 19, at 8 p.m. The program will consist of a talk on the music of the l\ay Festival by Miss Louise Cuyler and a group of songs by the Chorus di- rected by Mrs. Grace Johnson Ko- nold. The meeting will be open to members of the Faculty Women's Club. Bibliophiles, Faculty Women's Club, Tuesday, April 19, 2:30 p.m., -Mrs. J. F. Rettger, 513 Oswego St. Hostesses, Senate Notes By POLITICUS The Student Senate will hold its "first post-holiday meeting at 7:30 tonight in the Union; though the Senators had selected the League as t h e i r permanent meeting - place, crowded conditions there have forced them into the Union's Glee Club' room. * * * Some five motions are on the dock- et for the evening and several more may come up from the floor after these have been disposed of. Two of the five call for rules changes, one, requiring proxy votes to be given specifically, the other preventing consideration of matters already vot- ed upon by the Senate. The proxy rule motion is the outcome of some criticism of the blanket proxy sys- tem as it is used now and an effort. to restrict the privilege of Senators in giving their votes to colleagues. The second proposed change is an outgrowth of the debates of the Nea- fus case and seeks to prevent debate on any issue already voted upon by the Senate until a space of two months shall have elapsed. The, Neafus case was debated on suc- cessive Tuesdays and each time pro- Neafus resolutions were beaten by a single vote. * * * The other three resolutions on to- night's docket are more general. One requests the setting up of a com- mittee to investigate certain aspects of Library policy, particularly the system of returning overnight books and the chance of getting better lighting facilities. Another proposes a committee to investigate book prices; the third is a general motion on housing, an outgrowth of the Sen- ate hearing on housing of two weeks ago. * * * Two renmmittpn Af the mnoif pne Mrs. Rettger and Mrs. Norman Nel- l on. Michigan Dames, Homemaking Group, meeting Tuesday, April 19, at 8 o'clock at the home of Mrs. Lewis Haines, 209 S. State Street. Informal program. Sigma. Rho. Tau men are to meet the director and recording secretary in Rooms 15 and 16, East Hall, at the appointed time. Tau Beta ri: Dinner meeting to- night at the Union at 6:15 p.m. S. W. McAllister, University Librarian will speak concerning the various libraries oxi Campus. The Association Book Group will hear a timely discussion of construc- tive action for peace, "Swords Into Plowshare" by Mary Hoxie Jones, the story of the American Friends Serv- ice Committee,'1917-1937, reviewed by Emily Morgan, Tuesday, at 4:15 in Lane Hall Library. Christian Science Organization: 8:15 p.m. League Chapel Students, alumni and faculty are invited to at- tend the services. The Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Seminar for graduate students will meet today at 4 o'clock in Room 3201 E. Engineering Bldg. Mr. C. D. D'Amico will be the speaker on "Some Factors Influencing the Formation of Graphite in Cast Iron." Student Senate: The Senate will meet this evening at 7:30 p.m. in Room 305 of the Union. All men- bers are requested to be present or represented by proxy, as there is considerable business on agenda. Scabbard and Blade: There will be a meeting at 7:30 p.m. tonight at R.O.T.C. Headquarters. All active members must be present, Travels Through Europe: An illus- trated lecture to be given by Alexan- der Plutynski "24E" with motion pic- tures taken during the summer of 1937. Countries visited include Switzerland, Poland, G e r m a n y, Czechoslovakia, and what was until recently Austria. Because of the re- cent developments that have occured in central Europe this talk will be of interest to all internationally-mind- ed people. The public is cordially in- vited to attend. Mr. Plutynski is being presented by the student branch of the "Polish Engineering Society" at the Michi- gan Union tonight at 8 p.m. in Room 319. Fencing Club, Women's: The regu- lar meeting of the club will be held at 4:15 p.m. today at Barbour Gym- nasium. New members are particu- larly invited to attend. Congress: There will be a meeting of the Activities committee tonight at 8 p.m. in Room 306 of the Union. Coming Events Research Club,. Junior Research Club, and Women's Research Club: The Memorial Meeting will be held Wednesday, April 20, at 8 p.m., in Room 316 Michigan Union. Profes- sor C. S. Schoepfle will speak on. "Sir William Perking the discoverer of coal tar dyes." Professor H. D. Cur- tis will speak on "James Craig Wat- son, second director of the Michigan Astronomical Observatory." Seminar in Physical Chemistry will meet in Room 122 Chemistry wuild- ing on Wednesday, April 20 at 4:15 p.m. Miss Gretchen Mueller will speak on "Diffusion and Chemical Reaction in Solids." Faculty Women's Club. The An- nual Luncheon will be held Wednes- day, April 20 at 1 o'clock in the Mich- igan League Ballroom. Reservations should be made with Mrs. Clark at the League not later than 12 noon, Tuesday, April 19. Dr. Albert C. Hodge of Sheridan, Farwell and Morrison, Inc., Invest- ment Counsel, will speak to an as- sembly of the School of Business Ad- ministration on Thursday, April 21, at 2 p.m. in the auditorium of the Ro- mance Language Building on the subject, "Business and Business School Graduates." Those interest- ed are. invited to attend. Michigan Dames Drama Group meeting Wednesday at 8 in the Michigan League. Mrs. D. O. Bowman will give a re- view of plays and Mr. Richard Truesdale will give a talk and dem- onstration on the use of theatrical make-up. All Dames and their guests are cordially invited. Luncheon for Graduate Students on Wednesday at 12 o'clock noon in -the Russian Tea Room of the Michi- gan League. Cafeteria Service. Professor John Muyskens of the department of Speech and General Linguistics will speak informally on: "A Shifting Rn., 'nd (r' n-ain. . y tnr inin.a ri DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30; 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. I I