_________TII MICTiGAN DAILA SUNDA J . Education And The Church Continue Domination Of Letters To The Editor I MUSIC By WILLIAM J. LICHTENWANGER The Black Sheep? DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the Vniversity. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30; 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of StudentsPublications. Published every morning except Monday during the University year and Summer Session AfMember of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use forepublication of all news dispatches creditedto tornot otherwise cfedited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matters herein also reserved:. Entered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan; as second class mail matter. Subscriptions during regular school year by carrier, $400; by mail, $4.50. Member, Associated Collegiate Press, 1937-38 AEPRESENTED POR NATIONAL. ADVERTISING 8Y NationalAdvertisinogService, Inc. College Publishers Reresentative 420 MAPSON AVS. NEW ORK..N, Y. CICAO O BOSTON"Los ANES SAN FANCCO Board of Editors MANAGIG EDITOR ........... JOSEPH S MATTES ASSOCIATE EDITOR......... ...TUURE TENANDR ASSOCIATE EDITOR...........IRVING SILVERMAN ASSOCIATE EDITOR..........WILLIAM C. SPALLER ASSOCIATE EDITOR.H.E..ROERT P. WEEKS WOMEN'S ,EDITOR .............HELEN DOUGLAS SPORTS EDITOR........... .IRVIN LISAGOR Business Department BUSINESS MANAGER ............ERNEST . JONS CREDIT MANAGER.................DON WIJJFER ADVERTISING MANAGER . ..NORMAN B. STEINBERG WOMEN'S BUSINESS MANAGER.......BETTY DAVY WOMEN'S SERVICE MANAGER ..MARGARET FERRIES NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT I. FITZHENRY - eA It is important for society to avoid the neglect of adults, but positively dangerous for it to thwart the ambition of youth to reform the world. Only the schools which act on this belief are educational institu- tions in the best meaning of the term. -Alexander G. Ruthven The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the iriters only. Leather Jackets .. . T UE :LIBRARY sports a stock line these days guaranteed to lay all con- tenders low and easily qualifying as the campus' Public Learning Enemy No. 1. Many more than twice told is the cryptic "I'm sorry-but that magazine (or book) is now in the bindery." Of course we cannot prove that the bindery is richer in periodicals than the periodical room itself, but we have our ideas on the subject. The bindery collects books with the same re entless persistency that a sand trap collects golf balls and both retain their victims with discouraging tenacity. A magazine sentenced to be bound, plunges into quarantine for at least seVen weeks, while influence, affluence, hook aid crook are equally abortive in securing a com- mutation. Leather jackets are an undoubted asset to the preservation of a'ny magazine, but a seven weeks' wait is scarcely an asset to a student re- searcher. A multitude of detail, of course, surrounds the biiding of any magazine, especially when sev- eral issues are lost and must be requisitioned from the publisher. Perhaps the bindery can- not be jazzed up. Perhaps seven weeks must be the minimum sentence. The library ought, then, to purchase two copies of popular maga- zines, or despatch fewer issues at a time, to be covered. At all odds something ought to be done. The bindery and spring are an almost insurmount- able couple. Robert Fitzheriry, rellKeep IN THE CLOSING DAYS of its just- completed session, the New York State Legislature passed a dangerous act. The McNaboe Bill, which Governor Lehman vetoed, purported to bar Communists and anarchists from public office. Actually it did much more than this, for it provided a necessary footing for the well-marked road of fascism. There is perhaps little need to grow excited over the McNaboe Bill; it was believed to be un- constitutional and in any case, it has been killed. But its passage by the legislative body of the greatest of our states is disturbing. There are two important points to consider in exam- ining the philosophy of such legislation. First, if Communists and anarchists are placed in political outlawry, the same arguments and weapons will serve for similar bans against all labor, progressive and liberal parties; this has been amply demonstrated in the history of the National Socialist movement in Germany and analogous instances; second, the doctrines of radical minority groups, whether of the left or the right, should stand as ever-present memorials to the freedom and tolerance that is democracy, and to the triumph of reason in a nation which guards the civil liberties of its people. 'A Catholic Viewpoint' Again To the Editor: E. G. seems to typify the honest Catholic spirit and condemns my letter as being sinful and anti-. Catholic. Yes, it may be sinful from the Catholic point of view! Sinful to question the sincerity of a human redeemer and consequently we should close our minds and take in everything he pro- pounds as the gospel truth. No! I wouldn't say that the Pope is a ruffian nor did I say he was! However, it seems that the only difference be- tween a ruffian and politician is that the former does his business in the open and the latter uses camoflaged means. I would like to remind E.G. that my stand on the question has come only after a long period of deliberation. I have been educated on religious questions, in my youth, by the Catechism-the Catholic Church does not use the Bible-and was the outstanding pupil in my class. I have served as an altar boy for a number of years and have learned about the atificial ceremony. But I still attend the Catholic church and during the past year have missed only two or three Sunday services. This may be a Catholic spirit or it may not be. And then E. G. ignores the rest of my name because I happen to disagree with a fe wthings that the Pope says, but I am sure that if E. G. thought much of his name and the Catholic spirit he would display his in full array. M.G. goes on to say that H. V. Kaltenborn is a liar! Then evidently the University authorities took great pleasure in bringing a world's famous liar to Hill .Auditorium last ,year. Por this authority the University is fortunate in being able to find a vacant place to speak in. It must be a pitiful sight to see only five thousand turn out to hear H. V. Kaltenborn speak. And it is indeed fortunate from the Catholic pointof view that H'. V. Kaltenborn can't speak this year because of illness. What does Kaltenborn lie about? The capital of the Catholic Church "does not bring practical returns as the sausage fac- tory." No! Why should the church bother with sausages when there is more to be derived from operating mines! Do you remember reading in the papers, E. G., about the mines of Oviedo? The Spanish work- ers remember the savagery which was used to suppress these strikes and the Catholic Church was a "principal stockholder in these mines." A deputy in the Cortes put it quite nobly: "In other countries the crowd, in a moment of na- 'jonal uprising, attacks banks and palaces, while here it burns convents and churches." In regard to this point H. V. Kaltenborn says, when the- church "participaes in business and politics it is, in those departments, no more holy or sacrosanct than any other business or political interest." Q. goes on to say that the statement "that the Church had total control of the education before 1931 is a flat lie as Mr. C. T. P. can verify himself by reading more authoritative, sources." Somehow I haven't had the good for- tune to come across these so-called "more au- thoritative" sources. And I am sure since E. G. had these authoritative sources on the tip of his tongue, he didn't bother to quote them! Well, today is Sunday so I'll see you, E. G., in the student chapel! -C. T. P. Eucatfon Needs Changing To the Editor: I have noticed with considerable interest the letters and editorials in the Daily which have dlealt with our system of University education. I agree, likewise, that it needs revamping. In spite of the new subjects which have come into the curriculum, in spite of our rejection of the old classical type of educatior, I cannot help feeling that our present educational system fails lamentably in meeting the needs of the students. Educational research has progressed sufficient- ly to reveal that education is a total process arnd that it involves the whole individual. Edu- cation, therefore can be based only on the gen- uine interests of the individual. The progressive cducation movement has resulted in the estab- lishment of a number of laboratory schools throughout the country. The elementary grades have benefited more than the high schools and universities. Undoubtedly, our higher education- al schools have failed to take account of the fact that education should fill the real needs of the students. A university education which consists only of a certain number of subjects, the material of which is dutifully memorized by the students and regurgitated into bluebooks at stated inter- vals only to be forgotten almost completely .a few months after the course is completed, must certainly be defective. The system lacks motiva- tion. The students undeniably fail to be moti- vated. I should like to see the establishment of an educational system which is based on the ex- perience and genuine-interests of the students. -M.G. Change Must Re fBasic To the Editor: The recent letters in the Michigan Daily on the educational system of the University are an indication that students are beginning to take a healthy interest in the educational process in which they should have a vital concern. How- ever, although the letters indicate a vague con- sciousness that something is wrong, none of them recognize the fact that the deficiencies arise out of far-reaching errors in the organization of the University rather than in the aims and methods of specific courses. For example, the charge is frequently made that the courses are unrealistic and lack vitality. convenient classification of facts rather than psychologically on the basis of great problems. This problem approach would provide adequate motivation. It is one thing to ask a student to memorize a predigested group of facts many of which are quite irrelevant to him. It is quite another thing to ask him to choose and organ- ize those facts which pertain to the solution of a problem that is vitally interesting to him. If you do not think this problem of motivation is a real one, look about you. Examine your friends. How many of them are genuinely interested in the studies? Very few-I am sure. When we have provided motivation by providing the intrinsic incentives-of the problem approach in place of the present inefficient, extrinsic incentives we will have done much to make our University an intellectual experience rather than a series of cram-sessions. With the removal of the problem of motivation the necessity of tests, grades, and other extrinsic incentives would largely disappear. This would be a deliverance for faculty and student-body alike. The implications and the ramifications of the plan I have suggested are far too many to con- sider in a letter of this nature. However, I feel that its obvioues advantages entitle it to the intelligent consideration of the campus. We de- rive so little from our educational system at the present that any plan, this one or another, de- serves careful discussion. We have little to lose; we have an intellectual renaissance to gain. -R.F. Iifecins to Me H-eywood Broun I wish that Frank E. Gannett would quit send- ing me form letters in which I am urged to rush silly telegrams to Senators. During the Court fight, I got three or four in spite of the fact that I had written several columns on exactly the op- posite side. Now I find myself asked to get in a rash about reorganization. Of course, Mr. Gannett has every right to pick his side in a fight and endeavor to influence public opinion. There is nothing undemo- cratic in that. And as far as the Court fight went, the issue was sharply drawn and well-adapted even to rough and tumble debate. But in the case of the bill for governmental reor- ganization, I must express the opinion that many telegram signers have very little knowledge of what the whole thing is about. It. is unfair to pretend that here is an issue between dictator- ship and democracy. Many of the problems brought up by the bill are largely technical. For instance, it is diffi- cult and unfortunate to discuss in terms' of sheer emotion the substitution of an Auditor General for the Comptroller General. Indeed, it seems to me that the Auditor General set-up is much more democratic than the old system under which McCarl could upon occasion defy the will of Congress. , In all events, the problem is a bookkeeper's matter and not truly a scare- head political event. Passion Put On By Pressure I doubt that there is any real popular clamor one way or the other, in spite of the broadcast- ing of Father Coughlin. It does not seem to me logical to accept Gannett .and Coughlin as the last bulwark against Fascism. Perhaps it is unfotuiiate that the President has now contributed to the emotionalcontent of the contest by giving out his "I've no inclination to be a dictator" letter. It may be held that this document was pre- sented in dramatic fashion. I see no fault in that. Mr. Roosevelt has generally been shrewd in the matter of effective timing. He knows the political value of the theatrical gesture. Sure we are not all expected to weep because the news dispatches say that the reporters were awakened at 1 a.m. for this particular press release. Even at such a late hour I venture to surmise that one or two of the White House correspon- dents were still stirring. To be sure, Warm Springs, Ga., probably offers little in the wav of night life, but it is conceivable that there may have been a poker game. Failing that, per- haps, one or two commentators might have re- mained up in genial debate on the question "After Thomas Jefferson, What?" The Sleeping Reporters But suppose they were all soundly slumbering, I would still argue that a little loss of beauty sleep upon the part of the White House corre- spondents is less than a national calamity. This has not been the first time that good newspaper men were called upon to make a sac- rifice for the press and for the public. And in defense of the President it should be pointed out that he was not the first to introduce the melodramatic note into a technical discus- sion. When his opponents turn on high-pres- sured showmanship Mr. Roosevelt has a right to reply in kind., Indeed, there are few who pan beat him at this game. But it is not the best way in which to reach a wise decision. Less heat and more factual study would be preferable. The other day I was talking to "Spike" Hunt and Max Schuster about "Assignment in Utopia." Every family, they say, has its black sheep, along with the famous ances- tor and the skeleton in the closet. And the family of musical instru- ments is no exception-at least as far as the black sheep is concerned. It lacks only two years of being a cen- tury since Adolphe Sax, the Luther Burbank among instrument makers, constructed in Paris an instrument, half woodwind and half brass, whicb became known as the "saxophone.' It was only a few years before the instrument began to be used widely in French and other military band and to make its appearance in or- chestral scores; yet today, after prac- tically a century of existence, the saxophone is still not accepted as e member in good standing of the in- strumental aristocracy. For this there may be a num- ber of explanations. Unlike mos other, instruments in use today, the saxophone was invented practicall' overnight, instead of being evolvec and improved gradually over a perioc of centuries. Adolphe Sax, who alsc originated the family of saxhorn ("altos," "baritones," "bass tubas,' et al) and made valuable improve-i ments on existing instruments, con- structed the saxophone with the de- liberate intent of producing an in- strument which would have the ton quality and facility of a woodwin instrument, combined with the son- ority and blending powers which characterize the brass group. He wa not able to give the instrument very wide range of pitch, but over- came this defect by using a whol family, of varying sizes and pitches of which no less than seven have beer used. FRENCH COMPOSERS UTILIZE SAXOPHONE It was not long before the lead- ing French composers, most of their. personal friends of Sax, were writing little solos for the instrument and including it in their orchestral scores And it has always remained for the French-Bizet, d'Indy, Debussy, Rave) -to champion the saxophone as a legitimate part of the symphonic and operatic orchestras, even though nearly all modern composers from Richard Strauss to Holbrooke, have at some time or other called for the saxophone in their scores. In many cases, however, the instrument has been used for novelty rather than for its inherent qualities ,and even these cases are so few that the saxophone cannot be looked upon as a regular member of the symphonic orchestra today. Perhaps the chief reason for this lies in the 'instrument's lack of a strongly unique,distinctive tone quality which would gain it an equal place among the other woodwind in- struments, all of which have the in- dividuality and assertiveness of tone demanded by their position as solo- ists in the orchestra. The tone of the saxophone is not without a distinc- tive, ingratiating quality which is oc- casonally pleasing in a solo part; but its chief characteristics are a resem- blance to the tone of the cello, the bassoon, and uinetimes other instru- ments, and a self-effacing, blending quality which makes the instrument ideal in ensemble work but lessens its effectiveness as a soloist.r ARE USED IN BANDS In the wind band, of course, these same blending qualities are much de- sired, so that the saxophone group has long played an integral part in band music. But it was not until1 the advent of the jazz era in popular music that the saxophone really came into its heritage-a heritage which has brought it great popularity and; fame, but which has also dissipated its finer qualities in poor music and poorer playing until today "saxo- phone" carries with it distasteful con- notations which almosi preclude it from the better musical circles. It is therefore refreshing to find in Cecil Leeson, who will appear as soloist tomorrow night with the Uni- versity Concert Band, a saxophone virtuoso who is interested in his in-, strument not as an adjunct to jazz but as a solo instrument in its own right. Mr. Leeson has appeared as soloist in New York, Rochester and a number of other cities, and is quickly gaining recognition for his superior abilites as a player as well as for the musical effectiveness of his solo instrument. Perhaps the greatest drawback to the instrument's progress towards universal accept- ance is an almost complete lack of a suitable, individual literature, so that Mr. Leeson's programs must consist largely of transcriptions. But with an increased interest in the in- strument and its possibilites com- posers would begin to write music specifically for it, so that it will be interesting to observe Mr. Leeson's progress in his career and its possible effect on the history of the saxophone. i Perhaps the black sheep will become a prodigal son to be welcomed to the fold. *~ * * Calendar . TODAY Radio City Music Hall, Erno Rapee conductor, Jan Peerce tenor. Second Symphony and songs of Sibelius, C (Continued from Page 2) April 2. Open daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The candidates whose work is hown are : Annabelle Dredge Carl Guldberg Margaret affer Julia La Rue Christine Nagle Jean Smith The public is cordially invited. .lectures University Lecture: Dr. Oskar Mor- enstern, Professor of Economics, at ae University of Vienna, will lecture n "Social Science in Europe" on onday, April 4, in Natural Science auditorium at 4:15 p.m., under the luspices of the Department of Ec- ,nomics. The public is cordially in-. iited. University Lecture: Dr. Robert reiherr :on Heine-Geldern, of the niversity of Vienna, will give an il- istrated lecture on "The Pre-Budd- istic Art of China and Indo-China ad its Influence in the Pacific." on uesday, April 5, in Natural Science .uditorium at 4:15 p.m., under the uspices of the Institute of Fine Arts. 'he public is cordially invited. Public Lecture: "The Artistic Rela- ions Between China and Persia" by )r. M. Aga-Oglu. Illustrated with tides. Sponsored by the Research leminary in Islamic Art. Monday, ,pril 4, 4:15, in Room D, Alumni /Iemorial Hall. Admission free. Oratorical . Association Lecture ourse: John B. Kennedy, radio- ommentator and journalist, will ap- pear in Hill auditorium on Tuesday, lpril 5, at 8:15 p.m. The talk is en- itled "What's Wrong with the World?" This number replaces the I. V. Kaltenborn lecture. Tickets may >e secured at Wahr's State Street Bookstore. Events Today University Broadcast, Sunday, 9- 3:30 a.m. Hymns You'll Love to Sing. rhe class in the singing of popular hymns, Dr. Joseph E. Maddy, con- ducting. 12:30-1 p.m. School of Education Program. A round table discussion on -he relation of the Federal govern- -nent to education. International Council Room: The isual Sunday evening program for :oreign students and American stu- ilents interested in international af- .airs will be held in Room 116 of the Michigan Union. Dr. Bramachari, -indu lecturer, will be the speaker. A 5uffet supper will be served at 6 ,'clock and the prgoram will begin at 7:00. Inter-Faith Symposium. The fourth and last of a series of Inter-Faith Symposiums will be held Sunday, April 3 at 3 p.m. in the Lane Hall Library. "International Religion and the National State" will be discussed in the manner of the Chicago Round Table by Dr. Mahanan Brahmachari, Hindu monk and noted lecturer, Rab- bi Bernard Heller of the Hillel Foun- dation, and Professor Durfee of the Law School faculty. Students and interested townspeople ared invited to attend. Tea will be served at 4:30. The Christian Student Prayer Group will hold its regular meeting at 5 p.m. Sunday, April 3, in the Michigan League. The room will be announced on the bulletin board. Christian students cordially invited. The Graduate Outing Club will go to Camp Newkirk on Sunday for hik- ing and supper. The group will meet at Lane Hall at 2:45. All graduate for students of the College of Litera- ture, Science, and the Arts and oth- ers interested in future work in the profession of nursing. Miss Marian Durell, Director of Nursing, will meet the group in the lobby of Couzens Hall at 4:15 p.m. Following an in- formal discussion, a two-reel film en- titled "Nurses in the Making" will be shown. The next discussion in this voca- tional series will be given by Dean S. T. Dana of the School of Forestry. Luncheon for Graduate Students on Wednesday, April 6, at 12 o'clock in the Russian Tea Room of the Michi- gan League. Cafeteria Service. Pro- fessor Howard McCisky of the School of Education will speak infor- mally on "Youth in the Community." Economics Club: Meets Monday, April 4, 7:45 p.m. Michigan Union. "The Theory of Risk" will be present- ed by Professor Oscar Morgenstern, Director of the Vienna Institute of Business Cycle Research, and dis- cussed by Professor Frank H. Knight, University of Chicago, Members of the staffs and graduate students in Economics and Business Administra- tion are invited. The Women's Research Club will meet at 7:30 p.m., Monday, April 4, in the. Museums Building, Room 3024. Dr. Marianna E. Smalley will speak on the subject: "A Study of Tuber- culosis Contacts." Junior Research Club: The April mneeting will be held on "Tuesday, April 5, at 7:30 p.m., in Room 2083 Natural Science Building. Dr. James T. Bradbury will talk on "Recent Advances in the Physiol- ogy and Biochemistry of Sex Hor- mones" and Professor Jacob Sacks will talk on "The Physiology of Mus- cular Work." Phi Sigma Meeting: Wednesday, April 6, 1938 at 8 p.m. in Room 2116 N.S. Bldg. Dr. Robert Gesell, of the Depart- ment of Physiology, will speak on "Some Aspects of the Regulation of the Supply of Energy Employed by I the Living Organism." Initiation of new members. Swimming Test, Women Students: Individual skill tests in swimming will be given at the Union Pool on Monday afternoon at 4 o'clock and Thursday evening at 7:30 p.m. Polonia Literary Circle will meet at the Women's League on Wednesday, April 6, at 7:30 p.m. All members are requested to be present. Mr. Kupiec will speak on Problems of Ad justment of the Polish Peasant in America. Phi Beta Kappa: The annual meet- ing of the Alpha Chapter in Mich- gan of Phi Beta Kappa will be held on Tuesday, April 5, at 7:30 p.m. in Room 2203 Angelr'Hall. At this meet- ing the election of officers, the elec- tion of new members, and other mat- ters of business including the amend- ment of the Constitution which was suggested a year ago will be taken up. It is earnestly desired that as many members as possible will be present at this meeting. Orma F. Butler, Secretary. E)ucational Colloquy Club: The fortnightly meeting will be held in the Upper Room of Lane Hall, Mon- day night, April 4, at 8:00. Student Senate: All Senators are requested to attend a special meeting in Dean Bursley's office, Room 2, U. Hall at 4:30 p.m. on Monday. Please be prompt. Dr. Mahanan Brahmachari, Hindu monk, who has recently received his Ph.D. from Chicago and is returning to India, will speak on "Yoga" .at Lane Hall, Monday at 4:15 p.m. His lecture ann'ounced for Monday eve- ning has been cancelled. Association Book Group: "You have Seen Their Faces" by Erskine Cald- well and Margaret Bourke-White and "A Door of Opportunity" by Sher- wood Eddy will be reviewed by Rob- ert Hammond at Lane Hall Library, Tuesday, 4:15 p.m. A discussion of the Southern Share-Cropper will fol- low the reviews." Anti-War Rally with George Ed- wards and Florence Myers, leaders in the Student Movement, will be held Wednesday, April 6, 4:15 p.m., Natural Science Auditorium, under the au- spices of the Michigan Anti-War Committee. The topic of the meet- ing will be "Students. and War." Junior A.A.U.W.: The regular monthly dinner meeting of the Junior Branch of the A.A.U.W. will be held Wednesday, April 6, at 6:15 at the Michigan League. Mrs. Charles A. Sink will speak on "The Social and Home Life of Artists." Faculty Women's Club: The Bonk sheif and Stage section will meet at students are welcome. Scalp and Blade: The Michigan Chapter of the Buffalo Fraternity will hold its annual initiation ceremony, and banquet Sunday ,April 3 at 5 o'clock in the Union. Initiates are re- quested to be prepared and to attend promptly. All members unable to be present please call Carl at 6326. Hillel Forum, Sunday at,8 p.m. Speaker, Rabbi Jerome D. Folkman of Grand Rapids. Topic: "The Prospects for Youth." All are welcome. Avukah meeting at 3:30 today. Coming Events Faculty, School of Education: The regular luncheon meeting of the fac- ulty will be held Monday, April 4, at 12 noon, at the Michigan Union. Biological Chemistry Seminar: Monday, April 4, 3:30 p.m., Room 313 West Medical Bldg. "'The Halogens, Bromine and Flu- orine, Biological Studies" will be dis- cussed. All interested are invited. German Table for Faculty Members: Thf regular luncheon meeting will be held Monday at 12:10 p.m. in the