THLE MICHIGAN DAILY SUNDAY, MARCH 13, 1938 U THE MICHIGAN DAILY HalfA Decade With Pres. Roosevelt; Daily Writer Gives New Deal History Edited and managed by students of the University of Michigan under the authority of the Board in Control of tude* Publications. Pubiished every morning except Mondy during the University year and Summer Session. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited in this newspaper. All rights of republication of all other matter herein also x reserved. Enered at the Post Office at Ann Arbor, Michigan as second class mal matter. ' nSubscriptions during regular school year by carrier, ° 4.00; by mail, $4.50. 'ember, Associated Collegiate Press, 1937-38 RERESENTED POR NATIONAL ADVEITISING V NationalAdvertisingService, Inc. College Publishers Wepresenativ 420 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK. N. Y. CHICAGO - BOSTOa - LOS ANGELES . SAN FRANCISCO Board of Editors MANAGING EDITOR........... JOSEPH S. MATTES A$SOCIATE EDITOR.............TUURE TENANDER I SOCIATE EDITOR..........IRVING SILVERMAN ' A SOCIATE EDITOR....... .... WIL.LIAM C SPALLER1 ArSOCIATE EDITOR............ROBERT P. WEEKS WOMEN'S EDITOR................HELEN DOUGLAS SPORTS EDITOR ...............IRVIN LISAGOR ri Busness Department BUSINESS MANAGER.............ERNEST A. JONES CREDIT MANAGER.................DON WILSHER APVERTISING MANAGER ....NORMAN B. STEINBERG WOMEN'S BUSINESS MANAGER........BETTY DAVY WOMEN'S SERVICE MANAGER ..MARGARET FERRIES NIGHT EDITOR: S. R. KLEIMAN It is important for society to avoid the neglect of adults, but positively dangerous for it to thwart the ambition of youth to reform the world. Only the schools which act on this belief are ed- ucational institutions in the best mean- ing of the term. Alexander G. Ruthven. The editorials published in The Michigan Daily are written by members of the Daily staff and represent the views of the writers only. Dr. Gallup's Popular Polls .. . O1NE OF THE MOST notable contribu- tions to the process of democratic governmnent appears likely to develop out of what started several years ago as a magazine circula- tion-getter-the polling of general public opinion on questions of national import. The practice first came into prominence when the Literary Di- gest conducted a series of referendurs on a va- riety of questions, notably straw votes on presi- dential campaigns, and succeeded in foretelling with surprising accuracy the results of the cam- paigns of 1928 and 1932. The Digest's poll on the prohibition issue likewise was borne out by close correlation of the results of the referendum held by Congress on the uestion. The Digest's polling career came to an abrupt end with- what might be described as the debacle of '36, in which the magazine's results were more outstanding in their inaccuracy than any prev- ious poll had been in accuracy. At the same time, however, the American Institute of Public Opinion, subsidized by a group of bi-partisan newspapers and conducted by Professor Gallup of Columbia University, made a series of tests of popular sentiment, the last of which, carried out several days before the election, predicted the huge majority by which President Roosevelt was reelected to a close degree. The discrepancy be- tween two polls was a subject of much discus- sion at the time, and it has since been generally admitted that the Gallup method, which differs in technique from that of the Digest, is an ex- tremely efficient, if not infallible, one. The chief improvement instituted by Professor Gallup was the conducting of a house-to-house canvass in order to reach certain classes of voters who would not respond to a mailed ballot survey. Since its victory in 1936, the Institute of Public Opinion has enjoyed increasing prominence as an authority in its field. Its prestige has been augmented by successful predictions of the out- come of several minor elections, as the Detroit city election of last fall, and various other local and state campaigns. Its findings on matters on which there is no following check have become generally accepted as true barometers of pop- ular prejudice. Among its recent surveys, it has discovered that a large majority of Americans support the Spanish Loyalist Government, want wage-and-hour legislation, favor a Federal anti- lynching law (most of the people of the south even, are found to support such a measure), retain confidence in Roosevelt, and hold a number of other quite positive views. Perhaps the time has not yet come to employ such an instrument as the Gallup organization in an official capacity, but Congressmen, Senators and other public officers would certainly do well to take its findings into strong consideration in framing legislative measures and otherwise carry- ing out the business of government. Joseph Gies. By ELLIOTT MARANISS When Franklin Delano Roosevelt took his in- auguration oath on March 4, 1933, imminent ca- tastrophe seemed about to overwhelm the entire American economic and social structure. Un- employment and its inevitable concomitants, destitution, frustration and decadence swept over the land, a modern Black Plague, leaving a per- manent army of 15,000,000 victims in the ranks of the disinherited. The inexorable concentra- tion of wealth and power threatened to anni- whilate the small business unit and the farm, and together with them the political structure of democracy, the constitutional safeguards of liberty and justice, and the Jeffersonian philos- ophy of "men enjoying and ease and security the fruits of their own industry." Although Amer- icans still felt psychologically and politically classless, economic discontent was for the first time in the country's history taking on the Euro- pean class aspect. Qbviously the situation begged for immediate and effective action. For the preceding thirteen years the ruthless modern version of the laissez- faire philosophy had been dominant in Wash- ington, and since inaction is the very essence of- laissez-faire, the restive electorate, ready as always to follow the leaders who make the most concessions to its collective demands, voted into .office the messiahs of the New Deal. President Faces Recovery Problem Before he could embark upon a long-time pro- gram of social and economic reform the President was forced to tackle the urgent problem of re- covery. Fundamentally, however, Rooseveltian reform and recovery both stem from the same As- sumption that it is possible to establish a per- manent truce on class antagonisms by the res- toration of depleted purchasing power. A higher price level all around, a fair wage and a fair return on investment-these are at the heart of the New Deal. It is futile therefore to attempt to separate the reform and recovery measures, and apply to each a different scale of values. Equally futile are the efforts of the partisans of the various political and economic camps to designate each measure of the Administration as conclusive proof that the President has either sold out to the vested interests or moved irre- trievably toward state socialism. As a matter of fact, the distinguishing char- acteristic of the New Deal has been its lack of definite distinction, and of an economic philos- ophy in harmony with a dynamic society, and its constant vacillation. Like the great disorganized middle class it represents it is convinced that the interests of the majority of the people of the country are opposed to monopolization and con- centration of power, but all its efforts in this direction have been foredoomed to failure. Franklin D. Roosevelt came into office on the crest of the greatest reform and protest vote in the country's history. Both on the political and economic fronts progressive sentiment surged through the early halcyon days of the New Deal. It seemed that the old liberalisms of the pre- war progressives were about to blossom anew, strengthened by the significant lessons of the Bryan, Wilson and La Follette movements and centralized in a leader who possessed more pop- ular appeal and political flair than any of his predecessors. Applies Wage Theory To the three major problems confronting him in 1933, and incidentally still undetermined after five years of sincere effort on the part of the Administration, the President applied the full driving power of his theory of price and wage equalization. Lifting the threat of economic in- security from the heads of wage-earners, and eas- ing the burdens of a debased agriculture were the problems demanding most urgent attention. Restoration of the purchasing power of unem- ployed workers and sub-marginal farmers were not viewed solely as a necessary humanitarian venture, however, but also as the mooring from which the entire population was to be launched upon a new period of prosperity. There is no doubt that the relief measures pro- posed in the early days of the Administration are the most far-reaching social and economic reforms ever attempted in the nation's history. To restore confidence on'the part of business and to tide the unemployed over the period of distress, the Roosevelt program championed a complete system of social insurance against un- employment, sickness and old age; reliable public employment bureaus; planned public works for employment in times of industrial crisis; a shorter working day without material pay reduc- tions; abolition of child labor and legislation to aid farmers and small business men against the "growing concentration of economic control and resultant monopolistic practices which persist today." Not all the proposals were made into law, of course, and some of those which did get into the books were, confused and distorted by special interest pressure, but Americans were heartened by the sight of a government, however risdirect- ed and ineffectual its efforts, functioning primar- ily for the welfare of the entire people. NRA Was Creat Expvriment The perfect embodii-iatnt of Rooseveltian eco- nomic philosophy was the NRA, the great experi- ment in industrial democracy which contained in, its provisions all the contradictions, inconsisten- cies, and despairing hopes of the chaos and con- fusion in which it was born and drafted. The act repudiated the idea of organized cartels without control in the public interest, but, as Dwight Dumond, Louis Hacker and John Chamberlain have repeatedly pointed out, what it actual y did was to legalize those voluntary trade associaions which President Hoover had encour- aged by removing the restraints of the anti-trust lem, but introduces a method that can have only one effect upon the small, dependent farmer -to drive him off his already miserable subsis- tence farm into the ranks of the unemployed. The various Administration acts provided for voluntary reduction of crop acreage of basic agricultural commodities. But the department of agriculture soon learned that acreage reduc- tion is not synonymous with crop reduction, and that its subsidization program not only reacted against the consumer, but forced manufacturers to raise prices, thus nullifying the alleviating intentions of the subsidies to the farmers them- selves. Supreme Court Steps In in the late Spring of 1935, the Supreme Court invalidated the NRA, and began what looked like a systematic decapitation of the New Deal. It also started for millions of Americans a process of re-education in the fundamentals of their gov- ernment. Convinced of the utility of the Su- preme Court as a stabilizer of social relations, Americans had come to look upon the judicial interpretation of the constitution as the most distinctive part of their system of government. On the other hand, as believers inpopular gov- ernment many citizens were disquieted by the fact that judicial review could operate in such a manner as to impede the democratic process; they felt rightfully anxiout about the conse- quences of such obstruction at a time of national emergency. Only the blindly partisan can see in Roosevelt's dealings with the court and the Constitution an abortive attempt to overthrow both institutions. Beard, Boudin, Corwin and Frankfurter have convincingly punctured the great illusion that the Judiciary is governed by disembodied legal in- telligence, and is concerned not with the sub- stance of the laws but merely with seeing that the general principles of the Constitution have been observed in their enactmnent. Frankly recogniz- ing the inevitable political implications of judi- cial review, the President has merely taken steps to affect such modifications in the Court's powers and procedure as will make judicial review more compatible with democratic government. 'Just Price' Theory Fails It has become obvious now, after five years of the New Deal, that despite the intelligence and undoubted good will of the President and many of his advisers, the "just price," anti-monopoly legislation, crop reduction schemes, and prodig- ious expenditures from the Federal treasury for pump-priming purposes, have failed either tA maintain an equilibrium among the industrial, agricultural and laboring classes, or to bring to the "forgotten man," so near to the heart of the President, the independence he has so often been promised. Roosevelt is scourged alike by con- servatives and radicals, although for different reasons. Essentially the great issue that is being tried today is for the control of the great combinations that control the sources of production. It is the effort of the middle class, left behind in the cap- italistic struggle, to retain for itself some of the power it had in a more primitive society. Rose- velt has attempted to achieve this power by reg- ulation, a process that is futile in the face of dynamic technology and evolution which veer irresistably to centralized control. Seen in this light, his program could only lead to increased antagonisms. Its sole purpose has been to pre- vent changes that would leave the small man unprotected, but it chose to do so oy preventing the evolution of modern capitalism from taking its natural cotrse. If Mr. Roosevelt could by some magic halt the process of monopoly, if he could "roll back the wheels of history" his effortsto restore freedom; of competition would have profound significance. But with large-scale production units, concen- tration, and monopoly forming the most domi- nant factors in present-day society, his efforts to return to the economy of an earlier day are as out-moded as the "Social Statics" philosophy of Spencer and the rugged individualists. Monopoly cannot be regulated out of existence. The prob- lem is not one of bigness but of control. FMUSIC By WILLIAM J. LICHTENWANGER Calendar TODAY New York Philharmonic-Symphony, John Bar- birolli conductor, Josef Hofmann pianist. Dances from Purcell's The Fairy Queen, Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 1 in E minor, Schubert's "Unfin- ished Symphony, Gardiner's Sheperd Fennel's Dance, Theme and Variations Suite No. 3 of Tschaikowsky. 3-5, CBS. Ford Sunday Evening Hour, Sir Ernest Mac- Millan conductor, Jose Iturbi pianist. Rossini's Barber of Seville Overture, Larghetto and Rondo all 'Ongherese from Haydn's D major Concerto, Gantwoort's The Golden Crown, Grainger's Mol- ly on the Shore, Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, Strauss' Artist's Life Waltz. 9-10, CBS. Rising Musical Star series, Alexander Smallens conductor, Charlotte Symons soprano, Pauline Pierce contralto, Leonard Warren baritone. Mous- sorgsky's Night on the Bald Mountain, selec- tions from Louise, Manon, Rigoletto, and Tschai- kowsky's The Queen of Spades. 10-11, NBC Red. MONDAY Columbia Chamber Orchestra, Bernard Her- mann conductor. Handel's Concerto Grosso No. 2. 4-4:30, CBS. WEDNESDAY It Seems To Me y Heywood Broun My first newspaper boss was a hard man, and his name was Shep Fried man. Looking up from a couple o pages of sprightly copy, he said "Broun, try to get this through your thick head. Nobody cares what on newspaper man thinks about another and certainly not a living soul gives a hoot as to what a newspaper man thinks about himself." I said, "Yes, sir," and went back to my desk to do a perfectly straight piece on the picnic of the Little Tin Sullivan Assn. I happened that sum- mer to be the Clambake Editor of the Old, Old Morning Telegraph which was published in a car barn on Eighth Ave. That was a long time ago, and they have taken all the horses ,away and most of the reporters. I guess old Shep plays poker every night now and fills those inside straights which used to throw him. And his theory is gone, too. At any rate, columnists clutter the earth and syndicate their opinions. And along Broadway the gossipers pros- per by taking in each other's wash- ing. Indeed, when a managing edi- tor considers a promising recruit for journalism these days he asks' him- self, "I wonder whether the young man has a radio voice and how he will screen." AP A5 . L f lthl DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President until 3:30; 11:00 a.m. on Saturday. f (Continued from Page 2) day, Thursday and Friday evening from 7:00 to 10:00. All those wish- , of a series of four will be held today ing to qualify for an examiner's cer- x at 3 p.m., Lane Hall. tificate in life saving should plan to e "Revelation and Its Scientific Crit- take this course which is open to men , icism" is the topic to be discussed by and women. a Raphael Isaacs of the Simpson Mem- Congress-Assembly: There will be orial Institute, William A. McLaugh- ,iaCongress-Assembly Tea Dance held lin of the Romance Language De- in the League Ballroom Wednesday, k partment, and Albert K. Stevens of March 16. . The admission charge the Department of English. All stu- will be 25 cents per man, women will - dents are invited to come and take be admitted free of charge. Please part in the discussion. Tea will be come stag. f .served in the Hall Library following the meeting. Hillel Independent Cost Supper to- Ann Arbor Friends will hold their night at 5:00. Supper to be followed Areu rbein rsw ipSd n- by Forum. regular meeting for worship Sun- Avukah Meeting at 3:30 this after- noon. Coming Events German Table for Faculty Mem- bers: The regular luncheon meeting will be held Monday at 12:10 in the Founders' Room of the Michigan Union. All faculty members interest- ed in speaking German are cordially invited. The Monday Evening Drama See- tion of the Faculty Women's Club will meet at the Michigan Union at, 7:30 p.m. on March 14. But there was something in what Shep said. I am not the one to Biological Chemistry Seminar, point the finger of scorn at all the Monday, March 14, 3:30 p.m., Room autobiographists who have crept in 313 West Medical Building. where once reporters used to stroll. "Inorganic Metabolism. II. Calcium For almost two years I lived by writ- and Magneusium" will be discussed. ing daily pieces about my*infant son, All interested are invited. and even now when in a quandry for a theme I try to get by with a slightly, Research Club. Will meet Wednes- mendacious essay on my mother. And day, March 16, at 8 p.m., in Room when my columnar dotage rolls 2528, East Medical Building. Pro- around (do I by any chance hear gram: Professor W. H. Hobbs, "The the sound of galloping horses?) I Discoveries of ,Aptarctica as revealed trust there may be a grandchild with by newly, found maps and docu- which to eke out a writing existence. ments"; Professor F. K. Sparrow, Even so I wish the Friedman law "Aquatic Fungi." were still in existence and that it The Council will not meet this could be enforced sufficiently to leave month. ony a few loopholes. A little bootleg- stuff in some weekly speakeasy of Roots: Lydia Mendelssohn Box Of- opinion might be well enough, but I fice will be open for reservations for hate to see the slicks and the news- Rogts on Tuesday from 1 p.m. to 5 papers themselves all sullied o'er p.m. and on Wednesday, Thursday, with bioraphies,rautobiographies Friday and Saturday from 10 a.m. to and profiles of fourth -estaters. Al- 9 p.m. most every other book a reviewer _ _ picks up turns out to be the life story Faculty Women's Club: The Play of some inkstained wretch who feels reading section of the Faculty Wom- that the public is passionate to know en's Club will meet on Tuesday af- ail the details of his life before he ternoon, March 15 at 2:15 o'clock in escaped from the galleys. the Myary Henderson Room of the Some of it has been good stuff, but Michigan League. there is too much of it. A reporter, to be sure, is the noblest work of God, Homemaking Group, Michigan but one may grow weary of looking Dames, Tuesday, at 8 o'clock at the at old masters. home of Mrs. Roy W. Cowden, 1016 Benchley's Comments I In my opinion the man who has done best in dealing with any sort of1 l ewspaper subject was "Guy Fawkes," who used to do a department called 'The Wayward Press" in the New Yorker. Fawkes was actually Robert C. Benchley. He knew his way aroundt a city room, and it is a pity that hei has turned to other activities.t One difficulty about newspaper books and articles by newspaper men, and women is that reporters-and I refer to "us"-have a tendency to bee longwinded both vocally and in print the moment space restrictions are! off. I believe the Freudians would I termt it "over-compensation." Still I think that matters pertain- ing to journalism had better be left to journalists, despite their faults. I have partly in mind a current maga- zine series about columnists by an enterprising young lady. There is only one fault to be discovered in the' series-the young lady doesn't know what she's talking about. That makes her, in my opinion, three and one- half times too bumptious. Atutrian Fate Laid To Error (Continued from Page 1)I clusion, Il Duce could have taken a stronger stand on Austria without fearing the results of splitting thel Rome-Berlin axis." At the moment, Professor Ehrmann said, Italy cannot dispute German control of Austria., "for the strength. of Italy's position in dealing with France and England depends on her, bargaining power, which is based on the Rome-Berlin axis." And Italy is seeking from the two 'democracies' recognition of her conquest of Ethio- pia, colonial concessions and greater freedom in Spain. Reports that Austria will be main-; tained as a political entity apart from the Reich mean little, Professor Ehrmann believes. "Ultimately the intention is to incorporate Austria into Germany. In the meantime Austria will continue in a state of de- pendency under a regime. directedj from Berlin. Whsai+mat ft fitrn tl Olivia. Miss McKinnon of the University Hospital will speak on "Diets." Everyone with or without cars should meet at the Michigan League at 8 o'clock. Luncheon for Graduate Students on Wednesday, March 16, at 12 o'clock, in the Russian Tea .Room of the Michigan League. Cafeteria serv- ice. Professor Glenn McGeoch of the School of Music will speak in- formally on "Music Appreciation." The American Federation of Teach- ers is sponsoring a showing and dis- cussion of three films: "The Plow that Broke the Plains," "A Tale of Two Rivers," and "The Delta Co- Operative Farm" Tuesday, March 15 at 8:15 p.m. in Natural Science Audi- torium. Tickets at the doors; 25 cents. Phi Sigma Meeting Wednesday, March 16, 1938 at 8 p.m. in Room 2116 N.S. Building. . Dr. N. R. F. Maier, of the Psy- chology Department will speak on "The Use of Brain Extirpation in the Analysis of Behavior." Assciation Book Group: Mr. Thomas L. Harris will discuss his recent book, "Unholy Pilgrimage" at the meeting of the Association Book Group Tuesday, 4:15 p.m., at Lane Hall Library. Freshman Glee Club: Regular meet- ing on Wednesday at 4:30 in the Union. Old members are urged to attend as there will be election of new officers. All freshmen interested are invited. The Men's Physical Education Club will meet on Tuesday evening, March 15 in Room 323 of the Union at 9 o'clock p.m. Dean J. B. E~dmonson, of the school of education will give a brief talk regarding general condi- tions in the field of education. We urge every one to attend this meeting. Students of the depart- ment, coaches and faculty members are invited to attend. Refreshments will be served at the close of this meeting. Alpha Gamma Sigma will hold a very important business meeting Monday, March 14, in the Michigan League at 7:30. An initiation serv- ice will follow the meeting. day at 5 p.m. at the Michigan League. All who are interested are welcome. Disciples Guild (Church of Christ) 10:45 a.m., l\Vorning Worship. Rev. Fred Cowin, inister. 12:00 noon. Students' Bible Class. 5:30 p.m., Social Hour and Tea. 6:30 p.m., Professor Roy W. Sel- lars will speak to the Guild , on "Choosing A Vocation in a Changing World." This will be the first of a series of four discussions on the general subject "You, Your World and Your Life Work." First Baptist Church: Sunday, 10:45. Mr. Sayles will speak on "Mastering Externals." 9:30, Church School, Dr. Logan, Supt. 4:30, Junior High in church par- lors. 6:00, Senior High in church parlors. Roger Williams Guild: Sunday noon. Mr. Chapman will meet the studentclass at the GuildHouse. 6:15, Students at Guild House. Dr. Waterman will answer questions growing out ,of his previous talks on the religious inheritance of Jesus. First Congregational Church, cor- ner of State and William. 10:45 a.m., Service of worship, Dr. Leonard A. Parr will preach on "An Experience," continuing his Len- ten series on "What Is This Chris- tianity?" Special music will include the baritone solo "Green Pastures" of Sanderson sung by Donn Chown and an anthem "Go the Dark Geth- semane" of Noble by the choir. 6:00 p.m., the young people of the Student Fellowship are again for- tunate in having Prof. Bennett Weaver speak to them on Sunday evening. His subject will be "The Real Jesus." Supper will be served at 6 p.m.; the program will begin at 7 p.m. First Church of Christ, Scientist, 409 So. Division St. Sunday morning service at 10:30. Subject: "Substance." Golden Text: Philippians 4:19. Sunday School at 11:45 after the morning service. First Methodist Church: Morning worship at 10:45 o'clock. Dr. Bra- shares will preach on "Changed Lives." The service will be held at the Michigan Theatre. Stalker Hall: 9:45 a.m. Student Class under the leadership of Prof. Carrothers. The subject for dis- cussion is:'"Dividing the Profits," 6 p.m. Wesleyan Guild meeting. This will be a Communion Service with the following persons speaking: Anne Schaeffer, Jane Dinehart, and Doug- las MacNaughton. 7 p.m. Fellowship Hour. First Presbyterian Church, 1432 Washtenaw Ave. 10:45 a.m., "Demons and Disposi- tions" is the subject of Dr. *. P. Lemon's second Lenten sermon of a series on "Moderns andMiracles" at the Morning Worship Service. The student choir directed by Prof. E. W. Doty and the children's choir under the leadership of Mrs. Fred Morns will take part in the service. The musical numbers will include: Or- gan Prelude, "Schumcke Dick, 0 Liebe Seele" by Kark-Elert; Anthem, "Incense and a Pure Offering" by Marcum; Duet, "The Lord is My Light" by Buck, Helen Quick Dun- lop and George Cox. 5:30 p.m., The Westminster Guild supper and meeting. The discussion groups on The Principles of Chris- tian Living-In Interpreting Events of Today; In Getting Along with People; In Men and Women rela- tions, and In Business and Profes- sions will be continued. The fifth group on Basic Principles of Chris- tianity will also meet. Saint Andrew's Episcopal Church: Services of worship Sunday are : 8 a.m. Holy Communion, 9:30 a.m. Church School, 11 a.m. Kindergar- ten. 11 a.m. Morning Prayer and Sermon by The Rev. Thomas L. Harris. Harris Hall: There will be a cele- bration of the Holy Communion Sun- day morning in the Chapel at 9 a.m. with breakfast following. There will be an Episcopal Student Fellowship meeting in the Hall at 7 n'cloir They Want Him Too Y ' " I