THE MICHIGAN DAILY


HE MICHIGAN DAILY

fit

fember, Associated Collegiate Press, 1936-37
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LOS ANGELES PORTLAND - SEATTLE
Board of Editors
&NAGING EDITOR ........ .... .ELSIE A. PIERCE
3SOCIATE EDITOR............ FRED WARNER NEAL
SSOCIATE EDITOR.......MARSHALL D. SHULMAN
eorge Andros Jewel Wuerfel Richard Hershey
Ralph W. Hurd Robert Cummins
Departmental Boards
blication Department: Elsie A. Pierce, Chairman;
James Boozer, Arnold S. Daniels, Joseph Mattes, Tuure
Tenander, R~obert Weeks.
portorial Department: Fred Warner Neal, Chairman;
Ralph Hurd, William E. Shackleton, Irving S. Silver-
man, William Spaller, Richard G. Hershey.
[itorial Department: Marshall D. Shulman, Chairman;
Robert Cummins, Mary Sage Montague.
orts Department: George J. Andros, Chairman; Fred
Delano and Fred Buesser, associates, Raymond Good-
man, Carl Gerstacker, Clayton Hepler. Richard La-
Marca.
omen's Department: Jewel Wuerfel, Chairman: Eliza-
beth M. Anderson, Elizabeth Bingham, Helen Douglas,
Margaret Hamilton, Barbara J. Lovell, Katherine
Moore, Betty Strickroot, Theresa Swab.
Business Department
'MANAGER.............JOHN R. PARK
® R INESS MANAGER . WILLIAM BARNDT
UI ESS MANAGER......JEAN KEINATH
hin4 uts: Robert Martin, Ed Macal, Phil Bu-
cli, rMa 'Vwalter, Marshall Sampson, Newton
KetchamAb b Lodge, Ralph Shelton, Bill New-
nan, Leonard L Sieman, Richard 'nowe, Charles'
Colemian, W. 1 yhe, J. D. Haas, Russ Cole.
omenrs B s ssistants: Margaret Ferries, Jane
teiner,sidy, Stephanie Parfet, Marion
Baxter, L. ' Lehman, Betsy Crawford, Betty
Davy, Helen' $Aartha Hankey, Betsy Baxter,
Jean Rheinfran ',ote Day,, Florence Levy, Florence
Michlinski, Eva ';~p
Departmental Managers
ck Stapp, Accounts Manager; Richard Croushore. Na-
tional Avertising and Circulation Manager; Don J.
Wilsher, Contracts Manager; Ernest A. Jones, Local
Advertising Manager; Norman Steinberg, Service
Manager; Herbert Falender, Publications and Class-
!fied Advertising Manager.
NIGHT EDITOR: JAMES A. BOOZER

to be in the possession of officers for the preser-
vation of discipline.
This act shall not apply to an American
republic at war with a non-American State,
providing the American republic is not cooper-
ating with non-American States in such a war.
A more detailed examination of these pro7
visions, and a discussion of those which the
resolution has omitted, will be the subject of
a forthcoming editorial
THE FORUM
Law School Vs. Neal
To the Editor:
Mr. Fred Neal, in an article in Wednesday's
Daily dealing with the proposed reform of the
Supreme Court, included jne by implication
among those inthe Law Faculty who are oppos-
ing the President's plan. Not that it matters
much but just to keep the record straight I wish
to make it clear that I do not share the alarm
felt by those of our number who have announced
themselves as against the President's proposal.
Incidentally I am curious to know the method
used by Mr. Neal in peeping behind the curtain
of the election booth to determine just how the
members of our faculty voted in the November
election. I am tempted to think that the Daily
Assistant Editor is almost wrong in at least one
instance, because one member of the faculty
whom Mr. Neal pigeon-holed so neatly almost
voted for Roosevelt. He told me so.
-Hobart Coffey.
A V iolation Of Confidence
To the Editor:
I want to enter a vigorous protest regarding
the breach of faith just committed by one of
your reporters-Mr. Fred Warner Neal. Last
week he approached me for an interview about
the pending proposal to add to the membership
of the Supreme Court. On the distinct under-
standing that I was to see the write-up before
publication, I gave him certain materials, includ-
ing a letter which had been sent to Senator
Ashurst. He submitted a draft of his report
of our interview from which I deleted substan-
tial portions. These did not correctly represelt
my views and, so far as they were acceptable,
they were not views which I wanted to express
publicly. Mr. Neal promised to redraft his article
and allow me to see it again. This he did. Some
of the objectionable portions were still in the re-
draft. I cut them out and the interview ap-
peared last Saturday, in the form in which I had
approved it.
But on Wednesday of this week in another ar-
ticle, dealing with the subject of the Supreme
Court proposal, Mr. Neal included all ofuthe
material which I had stricken out. He quoted
me as saying all of the things to which I had
objected. The points on which I was quoted
were not so very important in themselves. But
I do regard the publication of them as a gross
violation of confidence and contrary to all good
standards of newspaper practice. Mr. Neal has
informed me that this happened by mistake in
the office. Even if this is the case, it is the sort
of mistake which ought not to happen. Very na-
turally I shall refuse henceforth to be interviewed
on any subject by a reporter from The Daily,
unless it is made clear by The Daily that it re-
pudiates such practices. I have no doubt that
many of my colleagues on the faculty will adopt
the same attitude.
-Prof. Burke Sbartel
In Reply
(EDTOR'S NOTE: The Daily deeply regrets the
inclusion of Professor Shartel's personal beliefs.
It has always been and always will be the policy
of The Daily to respect confidences which are re-
vealed to members of The Daily staff. An erplana-
tory note by Mr. Neal follows):
It is extremely regrettable that Professor Shar-
tel should have placed on the article referred to
the interpretation he did. If a confidence were
broken, it was wholly unintentional.
As the editors' note above it indicated, the
article was a summary and analysis of the points
of view expressed regarding the President's plan

to increase the membership of the Supreme
Court. It was particularly concerned with in-
terviews with members of the faculty that had
appeared the preceding week an interview with
Professor Shartel among them. Such an article
it seems clear, necessitates a considerable amount
of interpretation and opinion.
Professor. Shartel's plan for compulsory re-
tirement of Supreme Court justices, it seems
equally clear, would work out to force the resig-
nation of certain members of the Court. That
part of the article which said "Professor Shartel
thinks" his plan would have worked out in a
certain manner was not meant to have been
interpreted as saying that he expressed himself
as having those beliefs.
It is true, however, that the inclusion of the
word "apparently," i.e., "Professor Shartel ap-
parently thinks . . . ," would have made th'e
meaning more clear.
The Daily appreciates Professor Shartel's will-
ingness to be interviewed on a topic of such vital
importance as the President's Supreme Court
proposal. If he must think that I am guilty
of such a gross violation of newspaper ethics, I
hope that he and other readers of this paper will
think more charitably of other members of our
staff.
As to Professor Coffey, he was not in my mind
at the time that I wrote the article to which he
refers.
-Fred Warner Neal.

BENEATH ****
******~ IT ALL
on--By Bonth Williams
COLLEGE STUDENTS, university professors,
and that great bulk of American people who
furnish us with both and term themselves the
"upper middle class" are in my opinion, the
least understanding of people outside their own
social class.
They refer to all persons in factories and fill-
ing stations, mines and construction gangs,
sewers and soda fountains as the "lower class."
Collectively they treat them as a group whose
actions are unexplainable and condemn them
to the bottom of the social scale.
This outburst because for the thousandth time
I have heard someone recount his experience
with one kind of factory worker or another. As
usual he explained that "the fellows weren't so
bad" and acted as if nobody would believe him.
Middle class dawdlers, professing a deep and
significant interest in "labor" thought they
knew just what the factory worker believed and
what he wanted, yet they treated every man that
works with his hands, whether he was an expert
machinist at $2 an hour or a sweeper at $18 a
week, in exactly the same way.
Now they know better, some better, and they
will keep on learning in what will probably be
one of the most costly educational campaigns
in the history of industry.
Two summers on a furnace have given me
enough of an insight into factories and condi-
tions to realize that strife will continue as long
as the average middle-class person believes the
industrial problem can be solved by studying
"labor" as if it were a queer species of the race
put up in a giant test tube.
The only difference between a factory
worker and a typical so called "middle class"
American is that in the factory worker you
will find less sham, less hypocrisy, and less
cheap subterfuge.
Away from the environs of the shop,
young fellows are transformed into the kind
of people you see every day in busses and
barber shops. They play golf, they swim,
they fish, they drink beer, and they ride in
automobiles-almost like real human beings,
THE POINT that I am interested in driving
home is that these factory workers eat and
sleep and think and love, not like a great in-
tangible mass called "labor," but rather like you
and me.
They are not any queerer, man for man than
the frequenters of the movies or the ball parks.
They are the people who support the movies and
the ball teams, and they are the people who get
the most out of them, not because they are
any smarter than any other class, but because
they are not spoiled by cynicism or super-
suavity.
Still, if you were to tell a college girl in a
tight fitting ; red sweater, that the decently-
dressed ordinary individual sitting next to her at
the Michigan worked all day stripped to the waist
with sweat pouring off his body, she'd . . . God
knows what she would do.
The ordinary shop workers are sincere, they
are honest, and they are happy. They lead nor-
mal lives adjusted to livable incomes, and they
prosper and rear families in comparative con-
tentment.
What else has life to offer? They appreciate
the pleasures of living unhampered by farce and
unfettered by middle class convention. They
are the real America and as long as America
has a class like them there is little reason to
fear either serious uprising or drastic dictator
ships.
As Others See It
Three 'Rahs For Michigan
(From The St. Louis Post-Dispatch)

THE CAMERA presents a girl student, "one of
the 10 most beautiful co-eds at University, of
Michigan," who did NOT compete in the "Big
Ten Beauty Contest," at Northwestern. Michigan,
her Dean of Women explains, does not sanction
beauty contests.
Good for Michigan. There are institutions,
if that word may be atrociously misused, where
the beauty contest, properly enough, is the cal-
endar's ranking ceremonial. For example, the
storied halls of Hollywood's kindergarten. Per-
haps, too, the tableau may becomingly occupy a
niche in the economy of fashion. But it just does
not belong in the atmosphere of higher learning.
Pinch-hitting for Emily Post in this instancet
we are confident the official scorer will credit
us with whamming the apple over the fence.
there are some of us who can see how religion
is related to the mechanical, the sociological,
the physiological, the hygienic, and what have
you. There are a few of us left, I dare say,
who consider religion as essential to an organic
view of life and an organic view of life essential
to religion. The attempt of President Ruthven
to bring religion into a more vital relationship
with students on the campus is only a reflec-
tion of the growing interest in religion every-
where. If this attempt fails to develop into more
than a discussion group with little refreshing
insight it will not be because Christianity is a
"stinking -corpse" but because we who call our-
selves Christian deserve to rot.
T n.... i r T - --., - '..:.3.. .. . . ,.

MUSIC
Peer Gynt And (ieg
By WILLIAM J. LICITENWANGER
O THE THEATRE-GOER, the cur-
rent production of Peer Gynt by
the Tatterman Marionettes affords
the opportunity of seeing given in
perhaps the ideal manner, one of the
most significant but infrequently per-
formed of Ibsen's plays. From a pure-
ly musical standpoint, the production
offers an opportunity which is equal-
ly rare in the playing, by the Univer-
sity Symphony Orchestra, of the more
important of the musical numbers
composed by Edvard Grieg as inci-
dental music to the drama. Not that
the music itself is unknown-in the
matter of frequency of performance
Grieg's music has fared much bet-
ter than Ibsen's play. As "Peer Gynt
Suite No. 1," the pieces entitled
"Morning Moods," "Ase's Death," An-
itra's Dance," and "In the Hall of the
Mountain King" have become the
property of a wide musical public;
and with the four movements of Suite
No. 11, they constitute perhaps the
best, and certainly the best known,
of Grieg's compositions.
But, although detachment from the
stage for concert purposes brings mu-
sic of this type greater recognition
and appreciation, it also causes it to
lose something of its own peculiar
beauty and significance. In the case
of the Peer Gynt music this is espe-
cially true, for the reason that this
music was composed, at the request
of the dramatist, as a vital element
of the original stage production-
and not merely affixed to some sub-
sequent production, as was the case
with the Egmont music of Beethoven
or the Midsummer Night's Dream of
Mendlessohn. Ibsen himself outlined
the plan of the musical score and
specified in a general way the char-
acter of the various numbers. Work-
ing from these suggestions, and from
the more potent implications of the
poem itself, Grieg composed a num-
ber of highly effective pieces of mu-
sic which aid greatly in intensifyig
the poetic and dramatic qualities of
the play. Following its premiere in
Christiana in 1876, the production en-
joyed a success to which the fantas-
tic and unwieldy drama might never
have attained without the unifying
and intensifying support of the mu-
sic. Because of the lack of universal
interest in the poem and the difficul-
ties in staging it, Peer Gynt is not
often performed outside of Scandi-
navia, and therefore Grieg's music is
known almost entirely through the
two orchestral suites and several
songs arranged for concert perform-
ance by the composer. To hear this
music in its direct relationship to the
drama is a privilege.
The musical score composed by
Grieg comprises, in all, 22 numbers,
many of which are only brief inter-
ludes or fragments of song. In rear-
ranging the score for use in the pres-
ent production only 10, the larger and
more important, numbers have been
retained. In addition to the four
pieces of the First Suite, listed above,
these include "Ingrid's Lament,"
which precedes Act II; the oriental-
colored "Abrabian Dance" which im-
mediately precedes Anitra's more in-
timate and seductive one; the tem-
pestuous "Peer Gynt's Homecoming,"
denoting as prelude to the last act,
the wrecking of Peer's ship on his
native coast; tdhe song of the middle-
aged Solvejg in which she reaffirms
her love for and faith in her wander-
ing lover; the country dance played
by a peasant fiddler for the wedding
festivities in the first act; and the
final, tenderly sorrowful "Cradle
Song" of Solvejg which brings the
drama to its close.

Officers Break
Fansteel Strike
With. Tear Gas1
WAUKEGAN, Ill., Feb. 26.-(P)-
Militant Lake County officers routed
61 "sit down".strikers from the Fan-.
steel Metallurgical Corporation plants
in a furious tear gas battle and then
took the trail of the strike leaders
today.
A special squad of three-led by
a deputy whose head was gashed in
the 90-minute affray-hunted two
Committee for Industrial Organiza-
tion chieftains, Meyer Adelman and
Oakley Mills, on warrants charging
them with contempt of court.
Other officers sought, the leaders
among the 91 other men similarly
cited for conspiring to hold two of the
firm's North Chicago factories for ten
days in defiance of a court order di-
recting their evacuation.,
Seven new warrants, charging un-
lawful conspiracy to prevent the
carrying out of the circuit court writ
of eviction, were issued late today by
Justice of the Peace Harry Hoyt.
State Attorney Charles E. Mason
said they were criminal warrants and
named Adelman, John A. Kondrath,
president of Lodge No. 66 of the
Amniaanmated Asnoiation of Tron.

B *ttman
ce .Bill, I... .

SATURDAY, FEB. 27, 1931
DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to all members of the
University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President
until 3:30; 11:00 a.m. on Saturday.

VOL. XLVII No. 104
SATURDAY, FEB. 27, 1937
Notices
To the Members of the Faculty of
the College of Literature, Science and
the Arts:
The fifth regular meeting of the
faculty of the College of Literature,
Science, and the Arts for the aca-
demic session of 1936-1937 will be
held in Room 1025 Angell Hall, March
1, 1937, at 4:10 p.m.
Agenda:
1. Adoption of the minutes of the
meeting of Feb. 1, 1937, which have
been distributed by campus mail
(pages 314-324).
2. Reports:
a. Executive Committee, by Prof.
C. F. Remer.
b. University Council, by Prof. Ar-
thur L. Cross.
c. Advisory Committee on Univer-
sity Affairs, by Prof. Arthur S. Aiton.
d. Deans' Conference, by Dean E.
H. Kraus.
3. Announcements and new busi-
uess.
A full attendance at this meeting
is desired.
Edward H. Kraus,
Students, College of Literature, Sci-
ence and the Arts: No course may be
elected for credit after the end of the
third week. Saturday, March 6, is
therefore the last date on which new
elections may be approved. The will-
ingness of an individual instructor to
admit a student later would not affect
the operation of this rule.
Students of the College of Litera-
ture, Science and the Arts: A meet-
ing will be held on Tuesday, March 2,
at 4:15 p.m. in Room 1025 Angell
Hall for students in the College of
Literature, Science, and the Arts and
others interested in future work in
law. The meeting will be addressed
by Dean Henry M. Bates of the Law
Shool. This will be the first meet-
ing of the vocational series designed
to give information concerning the
nature of and preparation for the
various professions. The second meet-
ing, to be addressed by Dr. R. W.
Bunting of the School of Dentistry,
will be held on Thursday, March 4.
Attention of Hopwood Contestants
is directed to page 6 of the Bulletin,
Rule 14. No petition will be consid-
ered by the committee after March 1,
1937. R. W. Cowden.
Seniors of the College of Engineer-
ing: Call at Room 412 West Engineer-
ing Building at once for your Draw-
ing I, II and III plates.
Scholarships for Stdy Abroad:
The Institute of International Edu-
cation announces a limited, number
o", scholarships of $300 each to pro-
vide for the junior year at the Univer-
sity of Paris. The minimum scholar-
ship requirement is four years study
of French and a ranking in the upper
third of the class.
Students interested in these schol-
arships should call at the office of
the Counselor to Foreign Students,
Room 9, University Hall. Applica-
tions must be in the New York office
before April 15.
To the Members of the Faculties:
Notice has been received that St.
Mark's School, Southborough, Mass.,
is offering three prize competitive
scholarships for boys entering the
school in September, 1937. The se-
lection will be based on scholastic
achievement and qualities of char-
acter and leadership, and the suc-
cessful candidates will be expected to
meet the entrance examinations for
the first, second and third form (7th,
8th, 9th grades, respectively). This
notice is published in order that the
sons of faculty members may be
given consideration. The notice con-
cerning the scholarships may be in-
spected at 201 Angell Hall.

Sigma Xi: In order to be acted up-
on this year, nominations for mem-
bership must be submitted to the sec-
retary, Ralph G. Smith, Pharmacol-
ogy Bldg., by March 1.
The University Bureau of Appoint-
ments and Occupational Information
has received announcements of Unit-
ed States Civil Service Examinations
for senior educationist (senior spe-
cialist in elementary education), Of-
fice of Education, Department of In-
terior, salary, $4,600; and for prin-
cipal, Indian Community and Board-
ing Schools, Indian Field Service, in-
cluding Alaska, Department of the
Interior, salaries $2,000 to $3,200. For
further information concerning these
examinations call at 201 Mason Hall,
office hours, 9 to 12 and 2 to 4 p.m.
Stanley Chorus: The following
numbers have been assigned to the
girl whose name precedes them: E.
Bilby 5, M. MacDougall 6, P. Kalb 7,
G. Duffendack 8, M. Roebeck 9, B. To-
bin 10,O. Groth 11,. E. White 12, M.

K. Reynolds 48, M. Fingerle 3, B. Par-
rish 4, M. Morrison 2. There will be
a meeting in the League Sunday af-
ternoon at 3 p.m., for all members.
Any petitions not already signed and
handed in for the various offices, must
be filled out and handed in at that
time. Petitions will not be accepted
after Sunday.
Academic Notices
Psychology 31: make-up examina-
tion. Thursday, March 4, 7-10 p.m.,
Room 1121 N.S.
History Make-Up Examination:
The make-up examination in all his-
tory courses will be given Friday af-
ternoon, March 12, from 3 to 6 p.m.,
in Room C, Haven Hall. All stu-
dents who missed the final examina-
tion in any history course must see
their instructor before Wednesday,
March 10, to receive permission to
take this make-up. Written permis-
sion from the instructor must be pre-
sented by the student at the time of
the make-up examination. There
will be no other make-up examination
in history.
Botany I: Make-Up Final'Examin-
ation for students who were absent
from the regular exam last semester
will be given on Monday, March 1,
from 7-10 p.m. in Room 2003 N.S.
This is the departmental exam and
none other will be given.
Geology 11: The make-up final in
this course for the first semester of
the 1936-37 year will be given this
morning from 8 to 11. This will be
the only chance to take this examina-
tion.
Geology 12: The make-up final in
this course for the second semester of
the 1935-36 year will be given this
morning from 8 to 11. This will be
the only chance to take this examina-
tion.
M.E. 2, Section IV will meet in
Room 220 West Engineering Build-
ing Tuesday morning, March 2 at 8
a.m.
Concerts
Faculty Concert: Arthur Hackett,
tenor; Wassily Besekirsky, violinist;
and Joseph Brinkman, pianist, will
appear in a miscellaneous concert
Sunday afternoon, Feb. 28, in Hill
Auditorium at 4:15 p.m. The 'public,
with the exception of small children,
is invited without admission charge.
Lectures
University Lecture: Prof. Homero
S ris, formerly librarian of the Cen-
te for Historical Studies at Madrid;
will lecture under the auspices of the
Department of Library Science on the
subject "Experiences of Wartime
Spain" on Monday, March 1, at 4:15
p.m. in the Natural Science Auditor-
ium. The public is cordially invited.
University Lecture: Prof. Alexan-
der R. Hohlfeld, of the University of
Wisconsin, will lecture on "Richard
Wagner, Dramatist," (in English) on
Monday, March 1, at 8 p.m. in Na-
tural Science Auditorium. The pub-
lic is cordially invited.
University Lecture: Prof Alexan-
der R. Hohlfeld, of the University of
Wisconsin, will lecture on "Der Ir-
dische Ausgang der Faustdichtung
Goethes," (in German) on Tuesday,
March 2, at 4:15 p.m., in Natural Sci-
ence Auditorium. The public is cor-
dially invited.
Lectures in Mathematics: Prof.
Otto Sasz, formerly of the Univer-
sity of Frankfort A.M., visiting lec-
tWrer in mathematics at the Univer-
sity of Cincinnati, will deliver a series
of three lectures on topics in analy-
sis. The third lecture will be gin
Tuesday, March 2, at 4:15 p.m. in

Room 3017 Angell Hall on "Power
Series and Singularities of Func-
tions."
Exhibitions
An Exhibiiion of Chinese Art, in-
cluding ancient bronzes, pottery and
peasant paintings, sponsored by the
 Institute of Fine Arts, at the Archi-
tectural building. Open daily from 9
to 5 p. m. except Sunday through the
months of February and March. The
public is cordially invited.
Oil Paintings by Karl Hofer in
Alumni Memorial Hall are showing
an extra week through Feb. 28, af-
ternoons 2-5.
Events Of Today
Beta Kappa Rho: Party at Wom-
en's Athletic Building today at 8 p.m.
Women students living in private
homes are cordially invited.
Tatterman Marionettes will present
Henrik hbsen's Peer Gynt, matinee
and evening today with the U1niver-

R EPORTS FROM WASHINGTON
indicate that isolationism has con-
ered in the "neutrality" fight; collective secur-
and the historical policy of "freedom of the
is" seem to have fallen by the wayside.-
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, with
t one dissenting vote, has recommended the
option of the Pittman resolution, amending
e existing "neutrality" law with the avowed
rpose of isolating the United States from
reign wars . . . and nothing else. According
Senator Key Pittman, the author of the bill,
e provisions "do not attempt to construe,
termine or deal with the controversial and
rthical question of so-called neutrality."
This must be applauded. It is time the prac-
al problem of keeping the country out of

r was separated
ce of neutrality
ternational law.
cided to give up
m of the seas,"
ident, if it was
is nation wishes

from the theoretical observ-
in accordance with abstract
It is is time this nation
its neutral "rights" to "free-
for the World War made it
not evident before, that if
to insist on its "rights," it

ust be prepared to fight for them.
Combining a large part of the existing tempo-
.ry law, which expires April 30, with much of
ie recently introduced Nye-Vandenberg-Clark-
one bill, and certain modifications, the Pittman
solution, which is to be called the "Peace Act
1937," will contain the following features:
Export or transport in American ships of arms,
nmunition or implements of war to all bellig-
ents shall be prohibited as soon as the Pres-
ent proclaims a state of public or civil war
ists anywhere in the world.
Export or transport of all other articles to
lligerents shall be unlawful. until after all
ght and interest therein has been taken out
the hands of American nationals.
The President shall have the power to make
a list of commodities other than arms, ammu-
tion and implements of war and prohibit their
ansport to belligerents in American vessels
ven after all interest in these materials has
en transferred out of American hands) if he
ems this necessary to preserve the peace of
.e United States.
(Provision is made in all cases where it is
egal to export, or transport in American ves-
ts, materials -to }belligerents, that export or
ansport of such commodities to other neutrals
r transshipment to, or for the use of belliger-
its shall also be illegal.)
The extension of all loans or credit to bellig-
ent governments, or factions in a civil war, or
e purchase, sale or exchange of the bonds,
mritie nr nther nhligatinns of nuh 0'nvern-