PAGE FOUR TH E MICHIGAN DAILY

FRIDAY, OCT. 15, 1936,

1936 Member 1937
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NIGHT EDITOR: ROBERT WEEKS
Democracy
And Militarism. . .
EDGAR ANSEL MOWRER, in his
interesting and informative dis-
cussion last night of the present trend of Euro-
pean politics, raised some questions that cannot
long wait for solution. One that interested us
particularly, one that the democratic countries
must soon take a definitive stand upon, is the
defense against the fascist menace.
Since recent world history has seen one suc-
cessful fascist coup follow another with but
little outcry and no effective defense from dem-
ocratic countries, the outlook for the future of
democracy is decidedly unpromising. Mr. Mow-
rer believes that the preservation of the political
systems based upon freedom involves the crea-
tion of military machine large and aggressive
enough to beat the fascists at their own game.
This would mean a fundamental change in the
present democratic attitude toward militarism.
The creation of a military machine disapproved
or widely distrusted by a democratic people
would differ but little from fascist policy. Social
services would have to be reduced and taxes
raised in the interests of effective armament,
and this can be accomplished in a true democ-
racy only with popular sanction. If they do dis-
approve the demands of efficiency require their
complete understanding of the dangers faced
and the technique of combatting them. Democ-
racy, Mr. Mowrer would say, must be militarized.
Here is the basic issue. Can a democracy be
militarized and remain a democracy? Can a peo-
ple, jealous of its liberty, be pressed into uniform
and subjected to military discipline in the in-
terests of that liberty without losing it? Can a
democracy combat fascism without committing
suicide? We think it can.
More than 2,000 years ago, in his Funeral
Oration, Pericles immortalized democracy's
method of mobilizing its strength in a war
against the militarists of his day. The prin-
ciple retnains the same today. Free coopera-
tion of a free people, thoroughly imbued with
the ideals of peace, thoroughly convinced of th
horror and degradation of war and thoroughly

aware of the dangers of militarism, can be the
sturdiest support on which a statesman can base
his policies. A free people, knowing liberty and
loving it, can be more ferocious and more dis-
ciplined in defending its birthright than me-
chanically perfect military automatons knowing
only the despot's heel.
When the ragged san-cullotte armies of the
republic faced the highly efficient Prussian mer-
cenaries in '92, the Duke of Brunswick, represen-
tative of the military despots of his day, laughed
them to scorn; yet democratic idealism, though
clothed in rags and represented by a citizens'
army, turned the battle into a rout. When the
Russian people rose in their vast enormity
against oppression and corruption, the collapse
of their system was promised every day and, in-
deed, was reported for several years at weekly
intervals from Riga. Yet the strength of peo-

So it would seem that the ideals of democracy
and military strength are not necessarily anti-
thetical.
If we can destroy the threat of fascism only
by meeting force with force, if only thus we can
preserve the fundamentals of democracy, our
faith in the democratic ideal leads us to believe
that powerful armies, enjoying the confidence
of peace-loving peoples, represent the strongest
force for peace in the world today. War is horror
and destruction. Militarization is often merely
the prelude to war. But, if war can be avoided
only by a show of military strength in the face of
fascist aggression as Mr. Mowrer believes, then
let the strong battalions be on the side of the
democratic ideal.
D DRAMA
By JAMES DOLL
George Abbott presents BOY MEETS GIRL, a
new play by Bella and Samuel Spewack. Staged
by Mr. Abbott. Settings by Arne Lundberg.
ON A BOARD outside the Michigan Theatre
where Boy Meets Girl played last night was
the phrase: "Exactly as played at the Cort The-
atre, N.Y." Even if this were true-and in a
strictly literal way perhaps it is-it would not
be a-guarantee of any particular merit because,
in my opinion, the company now playing at the
Cort is not very good. The cast which played
here last night followed metriciously the stage
business of the original production and attempt-
ed to copy tones of voice and inflections as well.
Miss Betty Field is the only one successful in
this attempt. She is to be commended for repro-
ducing so accurately Miss Joyce Arling's per-
formance of Susie. The question is why the
director should have required her to do so. The
other actors shouted their lines in the .old stock-
company fashion until we in the audience felt
sorry that they had to work so hard.
It is difficult to understand why road com-
panies should try so desperately to echo, to re-
produce another set of performances, no matter
how good. And they couldn't do it anyway,
except by Miss Field's automatic method.
My appeal is to that person in the Butterfield
company who signed the contract for this com-
pany. Like any other buyer why did he not
examine the merchandise carefully; demand that
the production he is paying for be at least as
good as the original. Not by literally copying it,
but by assembling another group of actors who
would do the play as their particular personal-
ities were adapted to do it. Selling inferior prod-
ucts of this kind to the public is the most impor-
tant reason for the death of the road several
years ago-the cycle is sure to repeat itself.
Good companies playing the best plays will suc-
ceed better anyway.
As for the play itself, it is the sort of which
there are usually one or two on Broadway and
they are amusing enough to see from time to
time. This one follows the usual routine-gets
the laughs which seem to be inherent in certain
words and in such lines as "When I came to
California it was raining; it rained for three
weeks. It was very unusual." The satire on
Hollywood is what we have learned to expect
whenever there is satire on Hollywood. Example:
"Bernard Shaw whote Don Juan and he's never
even been to Bulgaria." It was more compre-

BENEATH****
*#### *# IT ALL
9ByBonth Williams -
ABOARD MICHIGAN FOOTBALL SPECIAL,
CHICAGO-Hitched on in the last car of the
second section of the Twilight Limited Kip and
the Varsity football team move on towards Min-
neapolis and the clash with the rampant Minne-
sota Gophers.
Sitting in the coach with Manager Bill Bates
and Doug Farmer, I am trying to keep this type-
writer from bouncing across the aisle where
Cappy Cappon, Ced Sweet, Dr. Hammond and
Wally Hook are in the throes of a contract game
I could probably do a lot better if Johnny Smith-
ers and Stark Ritchie would stop leaning over
my shoulder.
The boys have just finished stowing away an
A-1 steak dinner and are sitting around the
car in various states of repose.
Farmer is trying to learn the plays for his new
backfield post. Hey, Johnny Smithers just
nailed Lou Levine with a beautiful paperwad
shot. Kip is reading the Gargoyle's inside story
of the Michigan football setup and smiling.
Ernie Pederson, Lou Levine, Butch Jordan and
Bill Barclay are hard at a rough and rugged
game of hearts in the seat ahead. Smithers
says we're not coming back if we lose. That is
Wally Hook are in the throes of a contract game.
The boys are relaxed and look like they might
give Tod Rockwell something to write about.
Sportswriter Mill Marsh almost missed the train
in Battle Creek. He got off to make a purchase
and when the train started up the best he could
do was to grab hold of the diner door. The
Negro cook saw him hanging on for his life as
the train picked up speed, but only shook his
head with gusto as Mill pleaded with him to
open the door. Finally the conductor happened
along and let him in just in time to prevent the
Daily News scribe from being heaved into the
ditch. Mill's arms are still sore.
Kip looks to be his usual good natured self, but
the pressure he's under was apparent when he
nibbled at his dinner and held lengthy discus-
sions with Cappy Cappon and Charley Hoyt in-
stead of eating.
Kip just came up and is now kibitzing the
hearts game just ahead. So is Joe Rinaldi.
Forrest Jordan just quit the game after trying
to shoot the moon and has decided to read soci-
ology instead.
Bill Bates is still fidgeting about having to
carry 500. bucks around in his pocket, and has
finally decided to pin his wallet in his coat pocket.
Oh, oh, here comes the conductor. It would ap-
pear that we are in Chicago. We've got an, hour
and 45 minutes between trains and Bates and I
have it figured out how we can get just one look
in at the Blackhawk if we hustle. Hey, mes-
senger!
hensively done in Once In A Lifetime and we
should be spared full evening doses of it until it
can be done as well again.
Boy Meets Girl does have definite audience
appeal, however, and it was encouraging to see
that students will patronize plays and to be
hoped that other and better shows will come to
the Michigan.

TH EATRE
Playgoer As Artist
By LEON OVSIEW
"0 BAD playgoers the theatre is
only the shortest distance be-
tween two hours. They express their
contempt for it by expecting nothing1
of it except diversion which they
know is safely divorced from reality
and which is guaranteed to give
their minds a rest. They are an-
xious to check their judgment and
their perceptions with their hats."
Thus does John Mason Brown,
well-known metropolitan drama crit-
ic, identify the bad playgoer as the
escapist in an extraordinarily in-
teresting article in the October
Theatre Arts Monthly under the title
"Good Playgoers-and Bad."
It becomes obvious, of course, that
this type of person works toward the
decadence of our modern drama.
Since Ibsen and Shaw the theatre
has, on the whole, been a vibrantly
alive art medium; it has concerned
itself realistically and intelligently
with fundamental problems. Yet any'
art will deteriorate and die if it is
not carefully nurtured by a large and
critically appreciative audience.
To those who would wish to count
themselvesas members of this con-
structive group Mr. Brown consels,
"True enjoyment of the theatre
comes to playgoers who, even while
they are surrendering to the illusion
of therstage, do not forget that the
theatre is make-believe raised to
the point of art, and who turn artists
themselves to the extent of making
that art possible by adding their be-
lief to the list of the theatre's il-
lusions . . . He does not surrender
to the theatre without discrimina-
tion . . . Flexible he must be. Yet
he must not lose his powers of re-
sistance. Knowing that the theatre
can challenge his best perceptions,
he wishes to challenge it to do its
best."
The good playgoer should, then, be
an active force in the building of a
strong tradition for the best drama.
That which is most vital in our con-
temporary theatre must be recognized
and encouraged, and thus by the in-
teraction of artist and audience, re-
fined.
The modern drama has developed
increasingly into a medium for the
synthesis of the varied problems of
social life. The social problem drama
has evolved from the plays of Ibsen,
Shaw, Brieux, Galsworthy, and many
lesser dramatists into many and
varied forms. The last Broadway
season, for instance, saw such plays
as Maxwell Anderson's Winterset, a
poetic drama concerned with Justice,
or rather, the effect of injustice.
Distinctly inspired by the Sac co-
Venzetti case, it will live as a fine.
expression of a universal social prob-
lem, Dead End, Kingsley's immense-
ly successful story of the waterfront
slum, and Idiot's Delight, the more
lightly satirical Sherwood play,
which has much to say anent war
and peace. These are only three of
a long list, but they serve to illustrate
the variety and quality of the con-
temporary problem play in the tra-
ditional Broadway theatre. To this
list, too, should be added the activity
of the New Theatre Union, whose so-
cial drama are more Marxist in con-
tent and inspiration.
But the "propaganda" play, so-
called, is in this same tradition. It
is a direct inheritor of Ibsen, and
Shaw, and Galsworthy, but in the
hands of artists who have aligned
themselves with the Marxist doc-
trine, they have become not only ex-
positions of social problems, but the
answer to them as well. We saw
such a play here last year in Play
Production's staging of Odets' Wait-
ing for Lefty.
Much has been written and said
about the artistic merits of the

"propaganda" play; into that ques-
tion it would be futile to enter at
this point. But this much must be
recognized: the most realistic, the
most vivid, and the most vital drama
written and produced in the con-
temporary theatre is the social prob-
lem play, in any and all of its varied
forms. It is this drama whyich must
be encouraged by theatregoers. There
is decadence in the theatre in many
places; our contemporary social dra-
ma is a genuine renewal of life for
the theatre. The good playgoer
should go out of his way to enrich
bothhimself and the theatre by his
attendance.
A case in point is Stevedore, the
Peters and Sklar play which is in
Detroit this week-end. Stevedore is
concerned with what the sociologists
euphemistically call the "Negro
question in the South." It is vivid,
grim drama about the Negro long-
shoreman in New Orleans as they
suffer every possible indignity and
injustice at the hands of their white
"masters." It is a propaganda play,
since the Negro, Lonnie Thompson,
who stands out as the immediate dra-
matic symbol of the injustice and of
the retaliatory action, does make
several declamatory speeches, and
does link himself with Lem Morris,
the white organizer of the longshore-
men's union. Be that as it may; it
is one of the critical functions of the
good playgoer that he estimate for
himself whether this be compatible
wtih good art as he knows it. The


(Sermon preached at the Uni-
tarian Church, Oct. 11, by the
Rev. H. P. Marley.)
SPAIN, the land of fiestas, ecclesias-
tic art treasures and bull fights,
is today a battleground of the two
major political philosophies of the
hour. One of the few spots of Europe
not drenched in blood in the war, it
is today reaping the inevitable re-
sults of that war. The king is gone,
but a dictator would take his place,
forcing the duly constituted Republic
aside, with the aid of those who fear
a people's front.
Man has always had to war with
the institutions which he creates to
serve him. What is happening in
Spain today is not new, but it is more
bitter because of advanced tech-
niques of letting blood and the coun-
ter.-intrigues of international forces.
And, because of the stake of the
church, it has become a kind of holy
war with the Archbishop of Granada
and the Cardinal of Seville blessing
banners. Robert Neville, an editorial
writer on the New York Herald Trib-
une, even said he saw with his own
eyes machine gun fire from towers
of the Cathedrals in which ammuni-
tion was stored and troops wee bil -
leted. "Of all the shocking sights I
saw," he said, "none could compare
with the spectacle of the priest of
this little church (Alhambra) joking,
talking and smoking with soldiers
who at that moment were engaged
in firing cannon from the Alhambra
Hill down into the working-class dis-
trict."
It is easy to comprehend why the
church sides with the rebellion, see-
ing in the trend of the day, not only
the loss of her temporal power of
wealth, property and influence, but
also the loss of her spiritual power
with the waning belief in God. It is
even plausible, as Lawrence Ferns-
worth, a Catholic points out in The
Foreig'n Affairs Quarterly, that the
church, through Gil Robles and
others, actually precipitated the hos-
tilities. One Catholic paper pub-
lished in this country, referring to
the February election, states that the
vast majority of Spanish people ab-
stained from voting, "but suddenly
woke up to their mistake, and deter-
mined individually that Spain must
not become Bolshevistic. It was not
long until leaders offered themselves
to wrest the Government from the
brutal enemies of both State and
Church." This writer is correct in1
assuming that the old State is
identical with the church, which
for centuries, kept it subsidized even
after the worshipers remained at
home. Authorities agree that Spain
was noted for its lack of church-go-
ing, some observers reporting that
there were rarely more than thirty
worshippers in the Seville Cathedral,
and that you never saw anyone but
priests in the Cordoba and Toledo
cathedrals.
This might not be conclusive proof
that religion was on the wane. The
people might be wrong. But, judging
from recent events it is certainly ap-
parent that the church, even if sin-
cere, has shown that her real interest
is not with the people, but with the
influential, propertied group which
kept the status quo in running order.
When a Juan. March, in a desperate
effort to save his illegally accrued
millions, decides to finance a rebel-
lion, he can succeed better with the
church than without-his abortive

monarchist revolt in August of 1932,
failed.
Inall probability, the church as
we have known it in the past, is
doomed. So far as temporal power
is concerned, it might struggle back
to affluence as it did in Spain after
the riots of 1835, but when the
premise upon which it stands is dis-
solved, there can be no future. This
applies to the Protestant church too.
In this country there is a concerted
drive against Communism because
of its non-theism. Not only was a
sermon in this vein preached at the
Wealthy Street Baptist Church in
Grand Rapids, but someone financed
the printing and mailing of this dia-
tribe. Language which no Catholic
would utter from a pulpit,-"serpen-
tine creature, merciless, damning
poison, venomous reptile," was freely
used in Billy Sunday style in the,ap-
peal, "America, in God's name, wake
up." If the Black Legion is an Amer-
ican brand of pre-fascism, certainly
a number of protestant ministers are
implicated in this. The famous Bap-
tist radio minister at Pontiac said
that if we didn't have the Legion, we
needed some such organization.
Everywhere, the church, misled by
the non-religious implications of
Communism is engaging on a gigan-
tic quest to save its own life, however
costly to the human values which are
involved. 'When Bishop Noll of, Ft.
Wayne announced an anti-commu-
nist drive culminating on October
25th in the Feast of Christ the King,
he had no difficulty in getting Pro-
testant allies.
Not all churchmen are confused.
Some see in the issue of today a
chance of fruition for the very things
for which religion has always stood.
Even the god idea, most valuable in
the past, is no longer tenable unless
it can demonstrate its effectiveness
in the arena of human endeavor.
Time Magazine gives an account of
the Congregational minister in Chi-
cago who opened his church to a
Communist candidate for some office,
and who closed his stormy meeting
with an apology to the speaker for
the behavior of the audience. An-
other minister of the same denom-
ination in Brooklyn is editorially re-
buked by the Detroit News for hav-
ing something good to say about the
Russian system.
With Moors fighting the cause of
the Christian Church in Spain, and
William Randolph Hearst upholding
the hand of religion in this country,
we can see just how incongruous and
irrational, men become when they
believe somethnig sacred is jeop-
ardized. Representatives of the re-
ligious tradition were jailed and per-
secuted long before Communists
were. Religion will probably survive
again and again, but let it beware
to taking up the sword. A Nazarene,
a carpenter, once said that he who
'does this will perish, and he also
lamented over the great Jerusalem
in the last tragic days of his short
ministry, "how often would I have
called ye to me . . . but ye would
not."
Such Catholic thinkers as Professor
Fanfani have shown the antagonism
of the capitalistic spirit to true re-
ligion. Father Ryan has repeated
this today, but the voice of Father
Coughlin is too loud to let them be
heard. The issue today is between
Hearsteria on the one hand, and
human values, carefully weighed for
consequences, on the other hand. In
some instances the church will go
with the people and in other in-
stances, with the fascists.

A Sermon On Spain
-'Church, Fascism, The People,' By The Rev. Marley

T'heBirthday Of Gabriel Richard
-Anniversary Recalls Story Of One Of The University's Founders-

By DR. FRANK E. ROBBINS
YESTERDAY, October 15, was the birthday of
Gabriel Richard, one of the founders of the
University of Michigan, born at Saintes, France,
in 1764. If one has time, in the midst of strenu-
ous events at home and abroad, to give a thought
for those who in past years contributed to the
structure which we see today, Father Richard
is certainly deserving of such commemoration.
On August 26, 1817, the Governor and Judges
of the Territory of Michigan approved the act
which established the University of Michigan
and began its unbroken career from that time
to this. At the same time the Rev. John Mon-
eith, a young Presbyterian clergyman, was named
its president and the occupant of six of its pro-
fessorships; to Gabriel Richard, Rector of the
Roman Catholic Church of St. Anne, fell the vice-
presidency and six other chairs.
It is hard to tell from the meager records
who first planned the University of Michigan.
The idea must have been in the air for some
time, if for no other reason, because in 1804
Congress had already provided by land grants
for the support of higher education in the old
Northwest Territory. It is certain that William
Woodbridge, Secretary of the Territory, and
Judge Augustus B. Woodward, of the Territorial
Supreme Court, were -active in the events of
1817; probably the prime movers, in fact. Mr.
Monteith's diary records that on June 20 of that
year Judge Woodward invited him to an inter-
view on the subject of a university, and this is
the first time that he mentions the matter. A
letter from Mr. Woodbridge to Judge Woodward
shows that, probably on the night before the
Act of August 26 was passed, he interviewed both
Monteith and Richard and secured their promise
to take positions upon the faculty of the new in-
stitution. The elaborate outline for the organi-
zation of the "Catholepistemiad, or University
of Michigania," is unquestionably Judge Wood-
ward's own. Father Richard, however, could
have furnished excellent advice, for he had
known university life himself at Angers, and in
Detroit he had organized and successfully di-
rected a whole school system. In 1808 he re-
norted totheT rrrialte islaturest hat h

but substantially the corporation, of the Uni-
versity. The "Acts" of the "University of Mich-
igania," signed by Monteith, provide for the
erection of a building, matters of finance, the
establishment and appointment of trustees for a
primary school and a' classical academy, and
courses of study in each. When the University
was rechartered in 1821 both were made mem-
bers of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Monteith
soon afterward left the Territory, but Father
Richard continued as a Trustee until his death in
1832. From 1823 to 1825 he was delegate to
Congress from Michigan, which interfered with
his attendance at Trustees' meetings but per-
Initted him to secure an appropriation for the
first Detroit-Chicago highway. I suspect, how-
ever, that he was not so much interested in the
Trustees' debates over the location and sale of
University lands, which was their primary con-
cern, as in the practical work of education.
Gabriel Richard was quite as worthy of ad-
miration for his personal qualities as for his
notable service to his community, the University
and the State. When Hull surrendered Detroit
and the British required an oath of allegiance
from its citizens, he said, "I have taken one oath
to support the Constitution of the United States
and I cannot take another. Do with me as
you please." For that he went as a prisoner to
Windsor, until he was released on Tecumseh's
intercession. His courage and his unremitting
energy in carrying out his parochial duties are
illustrated again in the manner of his death,
which came in the cholera epidemic of 1832 as
the result of his constant visiting the sick. Mr.
Monteith's references to him in his dairy, too,
are illuminating. Soon after he came, Monteith
called at Father Richard's residence, and a week
later the latter returned the visit. "He says there
is much work for me to do and wishes me suc-
cess. He stays to tea." One week later: "I
visit Le Pere Richard. The conversation agree-
able. He presents me with a copy of Thomas
a Kempis." Three days later: "Attend La Fete
de Ste. Anne." Three months later: "Visit Priest
Richard who is out of health. I think he loves
to have me visit him." In November, 1818:
"Visit Bishop Flaget at the residence of the Rec-
+__ inl~~~~nv~ea Y~,, l- f , + _ _ ;_ f Ar i - .

DAILY OFFICIAL BULLETIN
Publication in the Bulletin is constructive notice to ail members of the
University. Copy received at the office of the Assistant to the President
until 3:30; ii1:00 a.m. on Saturday.

FRIDAY, OCT. 16, 1936
VOL. XLVII No. 17
Notices

College of Literature, Science and
the Arts, College of Architecture,
School of Education, School of For-
estry, School of Music: Each student
was given a copy of. his official elec-
tions, as handed in to the Registrar
during classification week. No changes
may be made in that original list as
to adding or dropping a course, nor'
changing hours of credit where va-
riable, unless a change of elections
blank is secured at the Registrar's
Office, signed by the proper official,
and returned to the Registrar.
Under no circumstances may elec-
tions be changed through verbal ar-
rangements with instructors, advis-
ers, counselors or departments.
No credit will be given at the closea
of the semester for courses unoffi-
cially elected, and courses dropped
without permission will be marked
"E," unless an adjustment is made
through the proper administrative of-
ficial and the one dollar penalty paid,
where assessed..
School of Education, Changes of
Elections:tNo course may be elected
for credit after Saturday, Oct. 17.
Students enrolled in this school must
report all changes of elections at the
Registrar's office, Room 4, University

new elections may be approved. The
willingness of an individual instruct-
or to admit a student later would
not affect the operation of this rule.
Classes in Swimming, Tennis and
Badminton have been organized by
the Extension Division. These classes
meet on Saturdays at the Intramural
Building, 6:30 p.m. The groups= met
for the first time on Oct. 10. Those
who are interested in enrolling should
do so at the next meeting.
Professor Valerio's Extension Class
in Painting .will meet for the second
time Saturday, Oct. 17 in the paint-
ing studios on the fourth floor of
the Architecture Building at 2 p.m.
This is a sixteen-week, noncredit
course. Those interested in enrolling
may do so this Saturday. The class
does not meet on the Saturdays the
University of-Michigan football team
plays in Ann Arbor.
Study Tour for-Foreign Students:
Reservations for the trip on Saturday
to the Starr Commonwealth for Boys
at Albion are still available. Students
wishing to take this trip must call at
Room 9, University Hall, or phone
303 before 10 o'clock Friday morning.
Expenses will include bus fare, and
a small amount for luncheon at the
Commonwealth.
J. Raleigh Nelson, Counselor to