The Weather
Local showers, somewhat
warmer in North today; to-
morrow partly cloudy to cloudy.

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Editorials
The Unextinguished Torch. , ,
An Illogical Exam System ...
Tampa And East Lansing...

VOL. XLVI No. 147 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29, 1936

PRICE 5 CENTS

Schoolmaster
Club To Meet
Here May 1-3
1,000 Are Expected To
Attend Annual Meeting
Of Teachers' Society
Golden Anniversary
To Be Celebrated
Numerous Luncheons To
Be Held; Dr. John Dewey
And Prof. Hayden Speak
Nearly 1,000 members and asso-
ciates of the Michigan Schoolmasters'
Club will be in Ann Arbor this week-
end for their seventy-first meeting,
celebrating the golden anniversary of
the society's history.
Miss Edith L. Hoyle of University
High School, president of the Society,
has announced plans for the meeting,
which will open Thursday, to combine
the week-end with functions as the
annual University Honors Convoca-
tion, to be addressed by President
Frank Aydelotte of Swarthmore Col-
lege, the finals of the Michigan High
School Forensic Association debates,
and the seventh annual conference on
Teacher-Education.
Celebrate Golden Anniversary
The chief event of the three-day
sessions, to many of the older mem-
bers of the club, will be the Golden
Anniversary banquet Friday night,
at which Dr. John Dewey, noted ed-
ucator of New York City, will make
the principal address. Dr. Dewey
is one of the four surviving charter
members of the 19 educators who in
1886 founded the association of col-
lege and secondary school administra-
tors. The other three charter mem-
bers still alive are Levi D. Wines and
Joseph H. Drake of Ann Arbor and
Dean Benjamin L. D'Ooge, of Ypsi-
lanti.
Prof. Joseph R. Hayden of the po-
litical science department will ad-
dress a general session of the club
Friday morning on "The Changing
Orient," and Dr. Thomas A. Knott,
editor of the Middle English Dic-
tionary, will address a Saturday noon
luncheon at the Union on "Business
from the College Professor's Angle."
Phi Delta Kappa To Meet
Numerous luncheons are scheduled
for the 19 sections which make up
the Schoolmasters' Club, and Phi
Delta Kappa, honorary teachers so-
ciety, will hold an initiation Thurs-
day at the Union, at which Prof. Ar-
thur S. Moehlman of the School of
Education will be the speaker, and
Prof. George E. Carrothers toast-
master.
The first meeting will be that of
the Conference on Teacher-Educa-
tion, to be held Thursday morning
at the Union, in conjunction with the
Schoolmasters' Club. This session
is participated in by faculty mem-
bers from the School of Education,
Michigan State College, the Normal
colleges of the state and others of-
fering teacher-training, and state ed-
ucation officials.
To Discuss Certification Code
The main topic of the all-morning
session this year will be "The Implica-
tions of Teacher-Education of the
New Michigan Certification Code."
Prof. Raleigh Schorling of the Uni-
versity School of Education is on the
panel for this discussion. Dean
James B. Edmonson of -the School of
Education will be chairman of the
meeting.
Discussion along allied lines will
continue in the afternoon at the con-

ference on problems of higher educa-
tion, of which Professor Carrothers
will be chairman. A joint luncheon
of the two groups will be held be-
tween the meetings, and President
Wynand Wichers of Hope College will
address the group.
Student tickets for all sessions of
the convention may be obtained at
Room 4, U.H.
Cuting of Jonkers
Diamon(d Described
NEW YORK, April 28. (P) A
million dollar hammer blow was de-
scribed by a jubilant diamond cutter
today after he had split the 726 carat
Jonker diamond into three pieces.
Lazare Kaplan, describing the first
step of cutting the world's largest
uncut diamond, said it was "like a
very difficult engineering problem and
a very delicate surgical operation
combined,"
Kaplan studied the gem's cleavage
planes for six months and then went
away for three days of trout fishing

Glamor Of Carnival
Pervaded By Irony
When Cup Is Lifted
The girls in Pi Beta Phi sorority
were the victims of a theft Saturday
night which has aroused their ire
more than any ordinary second-story
job co'ild and besides this has caused
some ironic implications.
The scene of the crime was their
Penny Carnival booth, an ingenious
copy of a Western Union telegraph
affice with all the fixings. The Pi
Phi's were awarded the W.A.A. cup
for their unique display and after
the presentation, the six inch silver
loving cup was unceremoniously
placed in the booth.
The glamor of the Carnival and
the lure of Terpsichore exerted a
force that none of the Pi Phi's could
resist, and it was while the booth
was thus vacated that the dastardly
deed was done.
Unless the cu is returned, the
sorority will, ironically enough, have
to pay for it, because it belongs to the
W.A.A. and is awarded to the winner
of each year's competition.
Mary Jane Mueller, '38Ed., who
was in charge of the booth, would
appreciate any information leading
to the recovery of the cup, which has,
needless to remark, "great intrinsic
value."
Student Worker
Meeting Hears
Prof. L. J. Carr
Members of the Student Workers
Federation, estimated at 50, packed
the library of the Unitarian Church
last night to attend the first official
meeting of the group. Prof. Lowell
Carr of the sociology department
brought greetings of the Teachers
Federation, and offered the support
of that organization.
Eugene Kuhn, Grad., secretary of
the newly-formed workers' union, at-
tributed the "small percentage of the
nearly 200 members attending the
meeting" to lack of publicity, a por-
tion of the tqtal membership having
been reached yesterday by telephone.
Pointing out that, until now, the
union has been "undemocratic," with
a handful of interested persons taking
the lead, Kuhen declared that elec-
tion of permanent officers would be
undertaken at the next meeting, on
Tuesday, May 5 at the same place.
A committee, appointed to seek
recognition for the organization from
the University, included Eldon Hamm,
'38; Ray Salgat, Grad., and Michael
Evanoff, '36L.
Labor Problem
Is Discussed By
Sioma Rho Tau
Frank X. Martel Talks On
Need Of Labor Unity In
'Round Robin' At Union
Before a keenly-interested audi-
ence of embryo engineers and stu-
dents of employer-employe relations,
the diverse aspects of engineers' at-
titude towards labor were thrashed
out in a four-cornered "round robin"
held last night in the Union under
the sponsorship of Sigma Rho Tau,
honorary engineering speech society.
Representing unionized labor, F. X.
Martel, head of the Detroit Federa-
tion of Labor and organizer of work-

ers in Eloise, pleaded for unity of ef-
fort between engineers and other cor-
porate employes in the attempt to
guarantee fair division of income
and to prevent discrimination against
union workers. Industrial hazards
to employes were also treated by Mr.
Martel, instances in which the safety
devices developed by engineers had
not been applied being cited.
In support of his contention that
overgrown corporations are detri-
mental to society, Mr. Martel men-
tioned the tendency of magnates to
speak of workers as 'their' employes
as if the business owners had a pro-
prietary interest in technicians and
mechanics.
Opposing in varying degrees these
arguments, Lloyd Blackmore and R.
W. Wilkinson of the General Motors
Corp. pointed out that "creative en-
gineering" is highly individualistic
and every development whichrsuch
engineers engender usually results
in less work to be done. Actually, Mr.
Blackmore, who is chief patent at-
torney for the motors company, ob-
served, the creative engineer or in-

Accuse Leasia
Of Perjury At
NewHearing
Goldsberry Says Former1
Townsend Head Gave
False Testimony
Townsend Disciples
Will HoldHearing
Witnesses To Be Sworn
Formally; Public Record
Of Testimony Kept
DETROIT, April 28. -(/P) - Jack
D. Leasia, discharged Michigan man-
ager of the Townsend Old Age Pen-
sion Plan organization, was accused
today by F. Manley Goldsberry, his
successor, of testifying falsely at a
Congressional hearing conducted
here yesterday by Rep. Clare E.
Hoffman, into the collection of funds
by the organization.
On the eve of the opening tomor-
row of another session of the Hoff-
man hearing at Battle Creek, Golds-
berry announced plans for a hearing
sponsored by the Townsend organiza-
tion in the same building there and
said that affidavits were being sworn
out charging Leasia with giving false
testimony.
Tells Of Graft Orders
Leasia, who was dismissed a month
ago as Michigan Manager for the or-
ganization, testified among other
things that H. H. Schwinger, con-
nected with the Chicago office of the
Townsend organization, had com-
mended his activity but cautioned
him not to organize too rapidly, be-
cause it was desired 'to "milk this
cow" for at least two more years. He
also told of expensive dinners pro-
vided for him by Schwinger in Chi-
cago night clubs during a visit Leasia
made to protest that field workers of
the organization "were starving" on
the allowance of five cents for each
club member they enrolled.
The Hoffman hearing is scheduled
to open at 10 a.m. at the Battle Creek
City Hall. Goldsberry said the
Townsend hearing would be held dur-
ing the noon recess of the Congres-
sional hearing and that they would
seek use of the same room. "If we
can't use it," he said, "we will hold
it in the corridor or out in the lobby
or in the yard, but we will hold it in or
at the City Hall Building."
To Hold Formal Hearing
He said that witnesses will be form-
ally sworn, and that a public record
would be kept of all testimony.
"Hoffman is welcome to be a wit-
ness and can cross-examine the wit-
nesses if he likes," Goldsberry added.
"We want the government to get the
truth. Anyone is welcome to testify.
We have nothing to conceal."
He charged in his statement that
he and others connected with the
Townsend movement "were prepared
to tell all the truth Monday at the
hearing in Detroit but the Uovern-
ment men refused to let us"
In addition to HoffmanGoldsberry
said, Leasia "or anyone else, for or
against the Townsend Plan," will be
welcome to testify. "We will permit
them to have counsel," he added.
HOLLAND TULIPS BLOOM
HOLLAND, April 28. -(/P) --The
first of Holland's 3,500,000 tulips
blossomed today following a warm
shower. The blooming tulips, of the
early variety, are in the garden of
amble mulder. Indications were that
the later variety would be in full
bloom for the tulip festival, May 16
to 24.

Announce Winning
Numbers In Recent
Gargoyle Contest
Dean Walter B. Rea reached into
a hat five times yesterday afternoon,
and as a result five persons will be
given free tickets to the Union's
Rainbow Room as a gift from the
Gargoyle.
In the hat were the numbers which
were likewise printed on each copy
of the last issue of the Gargoyle.
Those picked by Dean Rea were, ac-
cording to the business staff of the
Gargoyle, 77, 339, 1521, 2,000 and 2,-
750.
If the people owning these maga-
zines will please present themselves
along with their magazines between
3 and 5 p.m. today at the Student
Publications Building on Maynard St.
'they will be given their tickets.
Jury Will Try
Sandwich Man
RiksenToday
Peddling Without License
Is Charge Against Riksen
And Golder, Driver
The case of the long-departed
sandwiches, better known as the City
of Ann Arbor v. D. Ray Riksen, will
start at 2 p.m. today in the justice
court of Judge Jay H. Paine.
Riksen, one of the life-bringing
sandwich men who used to make the
rounds of fraternity houses selling
sandwiches, ice cream, cigarettes,
candy, and milk, fell afoul the city
peddling ordinance April 20 for selling
commodities not made by himself
without the requisite city peddling
license, which costs $150.
He demanded a jury trial, planning
to base his defense on the grounds
that a regular route such as he and
his competitors follow does not con-
stitute peddling. The jury was im-
paneled Thursday morning, but when
the case was called Thursday after-
noon the city requested an adjourn-
ment because of illness of one of their
witnesses, and the case was set for
today.
Thursday night Riksen was again
arrested for a subsequent violation,
together with a dairy company driver,
Charles Golder. According to offi-
cials, Riksen had made an arrange-
ment with the dairy which supplies
him to have one of their drivers sell
sandwiches and milk from one of the
milk company's trucks. Golder, the
driver, was arrested on the charge
that in selling Riksen's sandwiches
he was working for Riksen and not
the dairy, while Riksen was rearrested
on the earlier charge. Both were
released on a cash bond.
Accordingly the court tomorrow will
start to hear three cases, one against
Golder and two against Riksen.
Meanwhile, many fraternities and
sororities, as well as The Daily, were
without their usual supplies.
'George' Has Preserved
Union Sanctity 15 Years
George Johnson, who has kept co-
eds from entering the front door of
the Union for a good many years, will
celebrate his 15th anniversary as
doorman at the Union today.
"Not particularly" was George's an-
swer when asked if there had been
much change in Michigan Men during
the past 25 years.
"They are patronizing the Union
much more today than they used to,
I believe. "But," he said, "Michigan
Men are no dressier today even
though there are so many more co-
eds on the campus."

Public Opinion Backs Pollock's
Michigan Civil Service System

Organization Formed In
Lansing To Back Idea Of
University Professor
By FRED WARNER NEAL
The almost overwhelming public
opinion backing Prof. James K. Pol-
lock's efforts to bring civil service
to this state will become organized
in Lansing today with the formation
of the Michigan Merit System Asso-
ciation.
The association, to be composed of
statesmen, editors and business lead-
ers, will sound the last note in the
spoil s system's death knell, prior to
the final execution of political pat-
ronage when Professor Pollock's Civil
Service Study Commission submits
a merit system bill to the legislature
July 1. It will also, Professor Pollock
said, carry on a program of edu-
cation to teach the public what civil
service actually means.
The meeting in Lansing today will
be addressed by Governor Fitzgerald,
former-Governor William A. Com-
stock and Robert L. Johnson of New
York City, editor of Time magazine
and a representative of the National
Civil Service League. Professor Pol-
lock will be present and George L.
Osborn, editor of the Sault Ste. Marie
Evening News, will preside.
Professor Pollock heralded the for-
mation of the association as "a won-
derful step forward in the fight for
civil service." He said that he thought
little doubt now remained that the

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Quake, Faminei
Cause Terrorsi
In West China;
CHUNGKING, Szechwan Province,
April 28. - (/P) -A heavy earthquake1
today terrorized residents of Szech-t
wan Province, already in the grip1
of a famine with an estimated 10,-
000,000 to 30,000,000 facing death or
already dead.
The quake did little damage here
but greatly alarmed the population.
Damage in remote sections, however,
was undetermined.
The shock was believed to have ex-
tended throughout West China. It
followed one on Monday which shook
Tachienlu, on the Tibetan border,.
and which was the worst recorded in
many years.
Once peaceful peasants have joined
soldiers in resorting to violence to ob-
tain food for themselves and their
families. Bands of armed men are
combing the countryside, terrorizing
and killing.
Chinese newspapers said some of
the victims of maddening hunger are
resorting to cannibalism and that
other starving parents are selling
their children.
The famine conditions were laid to
repeated floods, which were followed
by unusually dry summers, after
Communist soldiers had swept the
country for two years.
Conditions in Honan, Central China
Province, were said to be worse than
at any time since 1920, when millions
died because of floods and droughts.
Funeral Rites For
Bird To Be Today
Funeral services for James W. Bird,
'38L, who died here Sunday night,
will be held at 4:30 p.m. today at the
First Baptist Church on East Huron
Street.
The Rev. R. Edward Sayles will
conduct the services. Bird was the
son of Prof. James P. Bird, of North-
field, Minn., who was in the French
Department of the engineering col-
lege from 1903 to 1915 and was sec-
retary of the college. He was 28
years old and had been a victim of
infantile paralysis since the age of
13. He was talking with a friend
from Northfield from his wheel-chair
at the time he suffered from the fatal
heart attack.
Professor and Mrs. Bird arrived
yesterday from Northfield to attend
the services.
Debate On League
Taken By Alpha Nu
Basing their argument on the un-
soundness and impracticality of the
present League of Nations, the speak-
ers of Alpha Nu representing the neg-
ative carried through their attack to
a successful conclusion and were
awarded the decision of Arthur E.
Secord, varsity debate coach and
judge of the debate between Alpha
Nu and Adelphi, last night. The sub-

egislature would fail to pass his bill.
Step by step, since his appoint-
nent by Governor Fitzgeraldpin the F
winter as head of the commission,
rofessor Pollock has been carrying-
n the fight for civil service. Tre-
nendous amounts of information
ave been gathered as a result ofI
>ublic hearings on the question, and
wo more hearings, one in Saginaw
Vlonday and one in Escanaba Wed-
nesday, will tend further to show that
oliticians, educators and public men
)f all types think about the merit
ystemd. With Governor Fitzgerald
solidly behind the program, not a
person out of the hundreds inter-
viewed, including governors, depart- J
nent heads, and legislators, has been
apposed to civil service.
The most outstanding accomplish-
nent so far, Professor Pollock be-
lieves, is the institution of civil serv-
ce in the selection of prison guards.
Professor Pollock's recent investiga-e
tion into the system used to select t
prison employes revealed startling in- 1
competence on the part of many t
guards, and the result was Governori
Fitzgerald's order that they should
be chosen hereafter on merithratheri
han political influence. Both men-
tal and physical tests for the 375
guards at the State Prison of South-1
C
ern Michigan in Jackson are now ap-
plied by Warden Harry H. Jackson,d
Dafter his conference with Professor
Pollock here last week.
Professor Pollock's commission is
now conducting a survey of existing :
personnel practices in the state ad-p
ministration as well as of civil serv- p
ice systems in other states. Although a
the results of the Michigan surveya
are not yet prepared, Professor Pol- N
lock warned that "lifting off the lid
from the spoils system will releasef
many nasty, unpleasant odors which
when inhaled by citizens will in all
probability produce political nausea.'
He emphasized, however, that
Michigan's proposed civil service sys-s
tem will not operate in such a man-s
ner as to perpetuate in office thea
drone or incompetent employe. t
King Of Egypt,
Fuad I, Dies;j
Son New Ruler
New Chamber ElectionsTo
Be Held May 2; Regents,
Named By Late King l
CAIRO, Egypt, April 28.--(/) ~
Egypt's King Fuad I died today a few
hours after he had insisted he would
not, and the throne of the ancient
Pharoahs passed to a 16-year-old boy.
"I am not going to die," whispered1
the 68-year-old monarch from his
deathbed shortly before the end. Butt
he succumbed, despite an encouraging
rally.1
He will be buried in El Raifai
Mosque, a hillside citadel he built"
himself facing across the Nile toward1
the Sahara Desert.
Political strife which has torn thea
country in recent months, including
bloody anti-British rioting, was com-
plicated by the death of Fuad, placed
in power by Great Britain duringf
World War days.
Crown Prince In England
His only son, 16-year-old Crown
Prince Farouk, who is studying in
England, was notified of the death.
The youthful new monarch, who was
preparing for entrance to the Royal
Military Academy, at Woolwich, is
expected to return here to face a life
sharply contrasting with schoolboy
days in England.
Farouk, who is six feet tall, will
reign under a. regency for two years
but the exact procedure is confused,
owing to the fact that the constitu-
tion of 1923 provides regents cannot

function until they have taken an
oath in the presence of Parliament.
The present chamber was recently
dissolved and elections are to be held
May 2. Premier Ali Pasha Maher has
a sealed envelope containing the
names of three men written by Fuad
on a sheet of paper to serve as re-
gents. It has not been opened.
Elections Due May 2
Fuad was suffering from a gangren-
ous infection in his throat which pre-
vented him from taking food, but the
cause of his death was ascribed to
heart trouble, which brought on a
gradual weakening of the circula-
tion.
His death came at 1 p.m., (6 a.m.,
E.S.T.) as thousands of citizens stood
outside Abdin palace, in the center of
Cairo, chanting: "God Preserve our
King."
Fuad's death came at a critical po-
iim-1 f".imphan.17CP nofthe Italo-

Bay State's
Vote Given
[o Landon
Massachusetts Primaries
Display Active Interest;-
Returns Incomplete
Roosevelt Second;
Hoover Votes Few
tepublicans Show Power
In Landon-For-President
Movement In East
BOSTON, April 28. - (P) - Gov-
rnor Alf M. Landon of Kansas with
2,212 votes, held a large majority
onight as tabulation of the Repub-
ican presidential preference vote in
he Massachusetts primary neared
he half-way mark.
The Landon for President Club of
Vassachusetts has been active for
veeks urging voters to "write in" the
Kansas Governor's name in a place
n the ballot provided by Massachu-
etts law at the primary to choose
delegates to the national and state
onventions. The vote binds dele-
gates in no way, however.
Others receiving preference votes
n Republican ballots with 741 of 1529
precincts counted, included former
President Hoover, 3,005; Senator Bor-
ah, 1,889; Senator Vandenberg, 922,
and Col. Frank Knox, Chicago and
Manchester, N. H., publisher, 955.
None of these made any active appeal
for preference votes.
Edwin F. Parker, president of the
Landon for President Club of Mass-
achusetts, said late tonight:
"The Massachusetts vote may be
said to be the first test of Landon
strength in the industrial East. It is
a joining of hands with the agricul-
tural west to accomplish a national
house-cleaning."
There were 18,730 candidlates seek-
ing ,positions ranging from delegate
to national and state conventions to
jobs on ward and precinct commit-
tees.
Scores sought the 33 delegate jobs
at the Republican National Cnven-
tion and the 38 at the Democratic
convention.
Unpledged candidates, in many in-
stances, opposed a complete set of 38
Roosevelt-pledged Candidates to the
Democratic National Convention.
Eight Democratic delegates-at-large
will have one-half vote each at the
convention.
PHILADELPHIA, April 28. -() -
Pennsylvania voted lightly today in
a Presidential preference primary
that lacked the zest of active combat.
Democrats chose between President
Roosevelt and Henry E. Breckinridge,
New York lawyer and New Deal critic.
SenatornWilliam E. Borah ran unop-
posed on the Republican ballot.
Although an old election law would
make Borah the "popular choice" un-
less a "write-in" candidate received
more votes, Republican organization
leaders planned an uninstructed del-
egation to the Cleveland convention.
The pre-primary campaign was as
colorless as any in years, although po-
litical observers looked to the results
for a possible indication of the trend
of the industrial East.
Breckinridge and his friends made
no campaign and he did not appear
in the State except to file nominating
petitions. New Deal forces under
the leadership of Sen. Joseph F. Guf-

fey and. the state administration made
ai effort to get out the full Demo-
cratic vote for Roosevelt.
The Democrats elected 84 delegates
to the National Convention with a
total of 72 votes, The Republicans
named 75, each with one vote.
In addition to two delegates for
each senator and representative in
Congress, the Rpeublican rules al-
lowed three extra votes to states car-
ried by Hoover in 1932.
The Democrats totaled 84 by the
election of 16 delegates at large, each
with a quarter-vote, instead of four
with one vote each.
Philadelphia, April 28.--- (UP)-Re-
turns from 1,534 of the 7,983 districts
in the State showed: Roosevelt 150,-
635. Breckinridge, 9,252.
At the same time, Sen. William E.
Borah polled 94,184 in 1,653 districts,
as the lone candidate in the Republi-
can preferential, although sthere were
scattered "write-in" votes for Gov.
Alf M. Landon of Kansas, former
President Herbert Hoover and Sen.
Arthur Vandenberg of Michigan.
Tn Philadelnhia. with 593 of 1.285

t


Maier Shows Child's Ability
To Reasont Less Than~ Thought

Disgruntled Kindergarten teachers
may have long secretly suspected it.
Now the doctrine has a scientfic basis
- children up to six years, Dr. N.R.F.
Maier has proved, fall below a reason-
ing standard established by adult
rate,
The basic purpose of the testing
program for the human offsprings
was to determine at what age chil-
dren first began to show reasoning
faculties. For the psychologist rea-
soning consisting of solving a prob-
lem by combining in a totally new as-
sociation separate experience units.
"The combining of isolated experi-
ences is the main difference between
reasoning and simple learning," Dr.
Maier stated.
The mental processes of children
were found to approach the category,
of reasoning somewhere between the

pathway learned separately. Dr. Maier
discovered that adult rats will make a
score of 80 per cent better than
chance and that young rats score 61.4
per cent over chance.
Thirty-nine children, ranging in
age from three and one-half to eight
years, were used to determine human
reactions in situations demanding
reasoning prowess. Basically, the
problem situation' for the children
was much similar to that of the rats.
Pennies or desired toys were used as
stimuli and, according to Dr. Maier,
the children thoroughly enjoyed try-
ing to find the correct path.
Evidently enthusiasm did not act
as an effective stimulant, however, for
the humanitest group as a whole
scored only 58 per cent correct. The
youngest group, with an average age
of 47.6 months, turned in results no
better than chance. It was not until

I