THE MICHIGAN DAILY

Bloodshed Brings Climax To Austrian Political Turmoil

An Analysis Of
Austrian And
Nazi Relations
Wheeler Gives Historical
Approach To Problem
Of Two Countries
(Continued from Page 1)
or with cognate elements outside the
former monarchy, into national
states. The German element of the
population naturally assumed that
they too would be allowed to take
advantage of that stipulation of
President Wilson's fourteen points,
which promised self determination to
the peoples of the former Austrian
monarchy. Thus the first constitu-
tional law of the new republic, pro-
mulgated in November, 1918, con-
tained the statement "German Aus-
tria is an integral portion of the Ger-
man Republic." Objections were in-
terposed, however, by the victorious
allies, particularly by France, to the
union of Austria with Germany, and
articles were inserted into both the
treaties, with Germany and with Aus-
tria, prohibiting its accomplishment,
except by express consent of the
League of Nations.
Federal Republic
The Austrian republic is federal in
character. In spite of a prohibition
by the federal government three of
the provincial governments in 1921
sponsored plebiscites which showed
heavy majorities for -annexation to
Germany. Allied pressure was brought
to bear on the Vienna government by
threat of withholding loans and ter-
ritory. The government resigned. A
new non-partisan government was
able to stop the plebiscites. Money
and territory were secured.
Within the year, however, the non-
partisan government was forced to
resign, through its failure to espouse
the cause of German unity. Prior to
1921 Austria had stoutly maintained
her right to the heritage of all that
had been German in the old Aus-
trian Empire. In response to eco-
nomic necessity, however, her govern-
ment sacrificed all claim to the Ger-
man populations of Czechoslovakia,
in exchange for an exceedingly fa-
vorable commercial treaty. The moral
sacrifice cost the government the
support of the Pan-Germans (a con-
servative party, emphasizing German
national unity), and was forced to
resign.
Conservative Coalition Follows

Division Airmail Chief

-Associated Press Photo
An uprising of Socialists in Austria was followed by battles with police in which many were slain. The
bloodshed brought a climax to the political battles wage dby Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (right) against
Marxism and Naziism. Prince Ernst von Starhemberg (center), leader of the Austrian "heimwehr," Fascist
element backing Dollfuss, recently took the situation in his own hands and displaced the civil government
there with Heimwehr rule. Dollfuss has bitterly opposed the spread of Nazi policies of Chancellor Adolf
Hitler (left) of Germany, and political observers believe any significant rise to power of Austrian Nazis
would bring the possibility of "anschluss," a political joining of Germany and Austria.

Says

the Legislature as an age where persons are no longer "cor-
ruptible" by beer.
2. "It will establish saloons near the University and near
the East Side Churches."
This is impossible because the State Liquor Control Bill
forbids the saloon. Further, the word "saloon" is indissolubly
linked with hard liquor, which is not to be sold in the city
except by the state liquor store and the sale of which we are
not urging,
3. "Students will "get drunk' in East Side cafes - maybe

(By Intercollegiate Press)
PRINCETON, N. J., Feb. 17-Na-
ture and the universe are not un-
fathomable. It is the human mind
that so far is unable to discover the
key to "ultimate reality."
This was the belief of Prof. Albert
Einstein, famous German physicist
and now head of the School of Math-
ematics of the Institute for Advanced
Study, expressed by him in an iter-
view published in the Daily Prince-
tonian, Princeton student newspaper.
"Men of science," he said, "at the
end of the last century thought that
material investigation had practically
led them to the ultimate reality of
matter, that this reality assumed the
form of little 'bricks' at the founda-
tion of the universe.
"Physicists of our day have found
that the problem is not so simple as
that . Discovering*indications of the
transformation of matter into energy
and vice versa, they found that the
key to the mystery of this ultimate
reality became more elusive as their
investigations proceeded. No, in
place of those 'bricks' we have merely
a mathematical symbol that tells
us something about matter and enery,
but not what they are."

-Associated Press Photo
Lieut.-Col. H. M. Hickman will have
charge of the central division of the
country when the army takes over
the airmail service.
cacy of Austro-German union in of-
ficial government circles of both
countries. Popularly it is still an is-
sue, and achieved its classical ex-
pression during the great convention
of all German singing societies in
Vienna, in 1928. Whereas in Austria,
however, reunion with Germany has
seemed to many to be necessary to
existence itself, in Germany, it has
been chiefly a sentimental issue.
Rise of Naziism
The triumph in Germany of the
National Socialist Germany Workers'
Party (commonly appreviated Nazi,
pronounced "notsy"), early in 1933,
was followed by a corresponding rise
of the Austrian branch of that party
into political prominence. The phil-
osophy of this party, which regards
the state as the embodiment of Ger-
man national and racial unity revived
the Anschluss question as a political
issue in both Germany and Austria.
The German government exercised
restraint in advancing the issue, but
the Nazi party, or at least certain
elements in Austria, formerly merely
apathetic have become pronounced
opponents of union with Germany.
This is notably true of the strongly
Catholic elements. The chancellor of
Austria, Dollfuss, in July, 1933, nego-
tiated a new loan and renewed the
guarantees that Austrian indepen-
dence would be maintained. This
subjected him to attack by "the
strongly nationalistic elements He
sought to strengthen his position by
courting the support of foreign pow-
ers and allying himself with the
Heimwehr (home guard). This polit-
ico-military body shares with, the
Nazis opposition to parliamentary
government, but not the German na-
tional philosophy of the state. It is
recruited largely, though not exclu-
sively, from strongly Catholic ele-
ments and strongly Catholic sections
of the country. It is anti-Socialist.
Austrian Socialists were also op-
posed to union with the German Nazi
state for obvious reasons, but the pre-
mier was forced to choose between
their support and that of the home
guard. Although he was first known
as a conciliatory member of the lib-
eral wing of the Christian Social
party, his government has been like
that of Hitler, by decree, by police
authority, and without parliament
Where the victory lies is not yet cer-
tain. Neither is it known what move,
if any, the German government will
make. The most recent news seems to
indicate, however, that the foreign
powers are no more inclined to permit
Austro-German reunion than they
have been in the past.

interfrateriiity
Co-Op Buyers
To Incorporate
Seek Permission To Form
Corporation From State
Officials
An application for articles of incor-
poration for the Fraternity Buyers
Co-operative was sent yesterday to
Lansing by officials of the Interfra-
ternity Council, which is sponsoring
the organization of the co-operative.
The articles will be returned in the
near future, it is expected, incorpo-
rating the co-operative as a non-
profit organization to purpose of
which will be to provide su-
perior qualities of commodities and
services to a number of fraternities
through a guarantee of credit and fa-
cilities for insuring continued con-
sumption.
The board of directors of the co-
operative are planning to incorporate
themselves, permitting the fraterni-
ties, sororities, and other organiza-
tions which join to participate in the
profits and operation of the organiza-
tion.
The board of directors includes
Dean of Students Joseph A. Bursley,
Prof. Dudley M. Phelps and Prof.
Robert G. Dodkey of the business ad-
ministration school, and Herbert H.
Upton and Paul Icerman, local busi-
ness men. The student members' of
the board are Bethel B. Kelley, '34,
president of the Interfraternity
Council, Maxwell T. Gail, '34, its sec-
retary-treasurer, Frederick F. Jones,
'35, president of the recently formed
association of stewards, and Joseph
R. Bailey, council tryout.
Both fraternities and sororities as
well as other similar organizations in-
terested in becoming participating
members of the co-operative ,have
been requested to communicate with
Kelley or Gail to arrange details.
While 12 of the larger fraternity
houses have already signified their
intentions of joining, the officials of
the new organization have said that
they prefer to have more members
before inaugurating the service.

Factor
To

Abductors Sped
Chicago For Trial

lishments will have the responsibility of keeping patrons sober.
The pressure of this responsibility will undoubtedly make their
establishments far more orderly than the "dives" downtown.

he? Is that because he has keener judgment and higher men-
tal capacities? The West Side youth of 19, who may have a
negative IQ, has beer cafes in abundance at his very elbow.
But the college student - he needs to be protected!
5. "Beer on the East Side will pave the way for whiskey."
It will not. There is and will be only one liquor selling
establishment in Ann Arbor, that on the West Side, at 113
W. Huron St. There will not be any more. The Daily does

IH

III

It' I11

',