THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1925

THE MICHIGAN DAILY

PAGE NINE

CPLEADS FOR AMERICAN

is

OLLOWING is the complete text ed the Great War. When victory had failures can not but be accounted useful
of the inaugural address which been , fully secured, we withdrew to and an immeasurable advance over
was delivered by President our own shores unrecompensed save threatened or actual warfare. I am
Coolidge at the Capitol yester- in the consciousness of duty done. strongly in favor of a continuation of
day. Radio amplifiers and broadcast- Throughout all these experiences this policy, whenever conditions are
ing stations made it possible for a we have enlarged our freedom, we such that there is even a promise that
tremendous audience in all parts of have strengthened our independence. practical and favorable results might
the world to hear the President sound We have been, and propose to be, be secured.
the policies of his administration, and more and more American. We be- In conformity with the principle
amidst the cheering and applause of lieve that we can best serve our own that a display of reason rather than
the multitudes who were fortunate country and most successfully dis- a threat of force should be the deter-
enough to get within sight of the Capi- charge our obligations to humanity mining factor in the intercourse
to he delivered his message to the by continuing to be openly and can- among nations, we have long advo-
American people. didly, intensely and scrupulously, cated the peaceful settlement of dis-
American. If we have any heritage, putes by methods of arbitration and
My Countrymen: it has been that. If we have any have negotiated many treaties to se-
No one can contemplate current destiny, we have found it in that di- cure that result. The same consid-
conditions without finding much that rection. ( erations should lead to our adherence
is satisfying and still more that is en- But if we wish to continue to be to the Permanent Court of Interna-
couraging. Our own country is lead- distinctively American, we must con- tional Justice. Where great princi-
i'ng the world in the general read- tinue to make that term comprehen- pes are involved, where great move-
justment to the results of the great sive enough to embrace the legitimate ments are under way which promise
conflict. Many of its burdens will (desires of a civilized and enlightened much for the welfare of humanity by
bear heavily upon us for years, and people determined in all their rela- reason of the very fact that many
the secondary and indirect effects we tions to pursue a conscientious and other nations have given such move-
must expect to experience for some religious life. We can not permit our- ments their actual support, we ought
time. But we are beginning to com- selves to be narrowed and dwarfed not to withhold our own sanction be-
prehend more definitely what course by slogans and phrases. It is not the cause of any small and inessential
should be pursued, what remedies adjective, but the substantive, which difference, but only upon the ground
ought to be applied, what actions is of real importance. It is not the of the most important and compelling
should be taken for our deliverance, name of the action, but the result of fundamental reasons. We can not
and are clearly manifesting a deter- the action, which is the chief con- barter away our independence or our
mined- will faithfully and conscient- cern. It will be well not to be too much I sovereignity, but we ought to engage
iously to adopt these methods of re- disturbed by the thought of either in no refinements of logic, no sophis-
Hef. lAready we have sufficiently re- isolation of entanglement of pacifists tries, and no subterfuges, to argue
arranged our domestic affairs so that and militarists. The physical con- away the undoubted duty of this
confidence has returned, business has figuration of the earth has separated country by reason of the might of its
revived, and we appear to be enter- us from all of the Old World, but numbersfi the power of its resources,
ing an era of prosperity which is the common brotherhood of man, the and its position of leadership in the
gradually reaching into every part of highest law of all our being, has world, actively and comprehensively
the Nation. Realizing that we can united us by inseparable bonds with to signify its approval and to bear
not live unto ourselves alone, we all humanity. Our country represents its full share of the responsibility of
have contributed of our resources and nothing but peaceful intentions toward a candid and disinterested attempt
our counsel to the relief of the suf- all the earth, but it ought not to fail at the establishment of a tribunal for
fering and the settlement of the dis- to maintain such a military force as the administration of even-handed
putes among the European nations. comports with the dignity and se- justice between nation and nation.
Because of whit America is and curity of a great people. It ought to The weight of our enormous influence
what America has done, a firmer be a balanced force, intensely mod- must be cast upon the side of a reign
courage, a higher hope, inspires the ern, capable of defense by sea and not of force but of law and trial, not
heart of all humanity. land, beneath the surface and in the by battle but by reason.
These results have not occurred by air. But it should be so conducted We have never any wish to inter-
mere chance. They have been se- that all the world may see in it, not fere in the political conditions of any
cured by a constant and enlightened I a menace, but an instrument of se- other countries. Especially are we
effort marked by many sacrifices and I(rity and peace. determined not to become implicated
extending over many generations. We Ths Nation believes thoroughly in in the political controversies of the
can not continue these brilliant sue- an honorable peace under which the Old World. With a great deal of hesi-
cesses in the future, unless we con- rights of its citizens are to be every- tation, we have responded to appeals
tinue to learn from the p'ast. It is where protected. It has never found for help to maintain order, protect
necessary to keep the former experi- that the necessary enjoyment of such life and property, and establish re-
ences of our country both at home and a peace could be maintained only by sponsible government in some of the
abroad continually before us, if we a great and threatening array of small countries of the Western Ilemi-
are to have any science of govern- arms. In common with other nations, sphere. Our private citizens have ad-
ment. If we wish to erect new struc- it is now more determined than ever vanced large sums of money to assist
tures, we must have a definite knowl- to promote peace through friendliness in the necessary financing and relief
edge of the old foundations. We must and good will, through mutual under- of the Old World. We have not failed,
realize that human nature is about standings and mutual forbearance. nor shall we fail to respond, when-
the most constant thing in the uni- We have never practiced the policy ever necessary to mitigate human suf-
verse and that the essentials of hu- of competitive armaments. We have fering and assist. in the rehabilitation
man relationship do not change. We recently committed ourselves by cove- of distressed nations. These, too, are
must frequently take our bearings nants with the other great nations to requirenierts which must be met by
from these fixed stars of our political a limitation of our sea power. As one reason of our vast powers and the
firmament if we expect to hold a true result of this, our Navy ranks larger, place we hold in the world.
course. If we examine carefully wha t in comparison, than it ever did before. Some of the besi. thought of man-
we have done, we can determine the Removing the burden of expense and kind has long been seeking for a
more accurately what we can do. jealousy, which must always accrue- formula for permanent peace. Un-
We stand at the opening of the one from a keen rivalry, is one of the doubtedly the clarification of the prin-
hundred and fiftieth year since our most effective methods of diminishing ciples of internation law would be
national consciousness first asserted that unreasonable hysteria and misun- helpful, and the efforts of cholars to
itself by unmistakable action with an! derstanding which are the most po- prepare such a work for adoption by
array of force. The old sentiment of tent means of fomenting war. This the various nations should have our
detached and dependent colonies dis- policy represents a new departure in sympathy and support. Much may be
appeared in the new sentiment of a the world. It is a thought, an ideal,hoped for from the earnest studies o
united and independent Nation. Men which has led to an entirely new line ' those who advocate the outlawing o
began to discard the narrow confines of action. It will not be easy to main- aggressive war. But all these plans
of a local charter for the broader tain. Some never moved from their and preparations, these treaties and
opportunities of a national constitu- old position, some are constantly slip- covenants, will not of themselves be
tion. Under the eternal urge of free- ping back to the old ways of thought adequate. One of the greatest dan-
dom we became an independent Na- and the old action of seizing a mus- gers to peace lies in the economi
tion. A little less than 50 years later ket and relying on force. America! pressure to which people find them
that freedom and independence were has taken the lead in this new direc- selves subjected. One of the mos
reasserted in the face of all the tion, and that lead America must con- paretical things to be done in th
world, and guarded, supported, and tinue to hold. If we expect others to world is to seek arrangements unde
secured by the Monroe doctrine. The rely on our fairness and justice we which such pressure may be removed
narrow fringe of States along the At- must show that we rely on their fair- so that opportunity may be renewe
lantic seaboard advanced its frontiers ness and justice. and hope may be revived. There mus
across the hills and plains of an in- If we are to judge by past experi- be some assurance that effort and en
tervening continent until it passed ence, there is much to be hoped for deavor will be followed by succes
down the golden slope to the Pacific. in international relations from fre- and prosperity. In the making an
We made freedom a birthright. We quent conferences and consultations. financing of such adjustments ther
extended our domain over distant is- We have before us the beneficial re- is not only an opportunity, but a rea
lands in order to safeguard our own suts of the Washington conference duty, for America to respond wit
interests and accepted the consequent and the various consultations recent- her counsel and her resources. Con
obligation to bestow justice and lib- ly held upon European affairs, some ditions must be provided under whic
erty upon less favored peoples. In of which were in response to our sug- people can make a living and wor
the defense of our own ideals and in gestions and in some of which we out their difficulties. But there i

the general cause of liberty we enter- I were active participants. Even the ( another element, more important tha


all, without which there can not be
the slightest hope of a permanent
peace. That element lies in the heart
of humanity. Unless the desire for
peace be cherished there, unless this
fundamental and only natural source
of brotherly love be cultivated to its
highest degree, all artificial efforts
will be in vain. Peace will come
when there is a realization that only
under a reign of law, based on right-
eousness and supported by the relig-
ions conviction of the brotherhood of
man, can there be any hope of a com-
plete and satisfying life. Parchment
will fail, the sword will fail, it is only
the spiritual nature of man that can
be triumphant.
It seems altogether probable that
we can contribute most to these im-
portant objects by maintaining our
position of political detachment and
independence. We are not identified
with any Old World. interests. . This
position should be made more and
more clear in our relations with all
foreign countries. We are at peace with
all of them. Our program is never
to oppress, but always to assist. But
while we do justice tog others, we
must require that justice be done to
us. With us a treaty of peace means
peace, and a treaty of amity means
amity. We have made great contri-
butions to the settlement of conten-
tious differences in both Europe and
Asia. But there is a very definite
point beyond which we can not go.
We can only help those who help
themselves. Mindful of these limita-
tions, the one great duty that stands
out requires us to use our enormous
powers to trim the balance of the
world.
While we can look with a great'
deal o fpleasure upon what we have
done abroad, we must remember that
our continued success in that direc-
tion depends upon what we do at
home. Since its very outset, it has
been found necessary to conduct our
Government by means of political
parties. That system would not have
survived from generation to genera-
tion if it had not been fundamentally
sound and provided the best instru-
mentalities for the most complete ex-
pression of the popular wjll. It is
not necessary to claim that it has al-
ways worked pErfectly. It is enough
to know that nothing better has been

I I


ship of railroads and certain electric
utilities met with unmistakable de-
feat. The people declared that they
wanted their rights to have not a po-
litical but a judicial determination
and their independence and freedom
continued and supported by having
the ownership and control of their
property, not in the Government, but
in their own hands. As they always
do when they have a fair chance, the
people demonstrated that they are
sound and are determined to have a
sound government.
When we turn from what was re-
jected to inquire what was accepted,
the policy that stands out with the
greatest clearness is that of economy
in public expenditure with reduction
and reform of taxation. The princi-
ple involved in this effort is that of
conservation. The resources of this
country are almost beyond computa-
tion. No mind can comprehend them.
But the cost of our combined govern-
ments is likewise almost beyond defi-
nition. Not only those who are now
making their tax returns, but those
who meet the enhanced cost of exist-1
ence in their monthly bills, know by
hard experience'what this great bur-
den is and what it does. No matter
what others may want, these people
want a drastic economy. They are
opposed to waste. They know that
extravagance lengthens the hours and
diminishes the rewards of labor. I
favor the policy of economy, not be-
cause I wish to save money, but be-
cause I wish to save people. The
men and women of this country who
toil are the ones who bear *the cost
of the Government. Every dollar that
we carelessly waste means that their
life will be so much the more meager.
Every dollar that we prudently save
means that their life will be so much
the more abundant. Economy is
idealism in its most practical form.
If extravagance were not reflected
in taxation, and through taxation both
directly and indirectly injuriously af-
fecting the people, it would not be
of so much consequence. The wisest'
and soundest method of solving our

tax problem is through economy.
Fortunately, of all the great nations
this country is best in a position to
adopt that simple remedy. We do
not any longer need war-time revel
nues. The collection of any taxes
which are not absolutely required,l
which do not beyond reasonable doubt
contribute to the public welfare, is
only a species of legalized larceny.
Under this Republic the rewards of
industry belong to those who earn
them. The only constitutional tax
is the tax which ministers to public
necessity. The property of the coun-
try belongs to the people of the coun-
try. Their title is absolute. They do
not support any privileged class; they
do not need to maintain great mili-
tary forces; they ought not by bur-
dened with a great array of public
employees. They are not required to'
make any contribution to Government
expenditures except that which they
voluntarily assess upon themselves
through the action of their own repre-
sentatives. Whenever taxes become
burdensome a remedy can be applied
1 by the people; but if they do not act
for themselves, no one can be very
successful in acting for them.
The time is arriving when we can
have further tax reduction, when, un-
less we wish to hamper the people
in their right to earn a living, we
must have tax reform. The method of
raising revenue ought not to impede
the transaction of business; it ought
to encourage it. I am opposed to
exteremely high rates, because they
produce little or no revenue, because
they are bad for the country, and,
finally, because they are wrong. We
can not finance the country, we can
not improve social conditions, through
any system of injustice, even if we at-
tempt to inflict it upon the rich. Those
who suffer the most harm will be the
poor. This country believes in pros-
perity. It is absurd to suppose that
it is envious of those who are already
prosperous. The wise and correct
course to follow in taxation and all
other economic legislation is not to
destroy those who have already se-

cured success but to create conditions
under which every one will have a
better chance to be successful. The
verdict of the country has been given
on this question. That verdict stands.
We shall do well to heed it.
These questions involve moral is-
sues. We need not concern our-
selves much about the rights of prop-
erty if we will faithfully observe the
rights of persons. Under our institu-
tions their rights are supreme. It
is not property but the right to hold
property, both great and small, which
our Constitution guarantees. All
owners of property are charged with
a service. These rights and duties
have been revealed, through the con-
science of society, to have a divine
sanction. The very stability of our
society rests upon production and
conservation. For individuals or for
governments to waste and squander
their resources is to deny these rights
and disregard these obligations. The
result of economic dissipation to a
nation is always moral decay.
These policies of better internation-
al understandings, greater economy,
and lower taxes have contributed
largely to peaceful and prosperous
industrial relation§. Under the help-
ful influences of restrictive immigra-
tion and a protective traiff, employ-
ment is plentiful, the rate of pay is
high, and wage earners are in a state
of Contentment seldom before seen.
Our transportation systems have
been gradually recovering and have
been able to meet all the require-
ments of the service. Agriculture
has been very slow in reviving, but
the price of cereals at last indicates
that the day of deliverance is at
hand.
We are not without our problems,
but our most important problem is
not to secure new advantages but to
maintain those which we already po-
ssess. Our system of government
made up of three separate and inde-
pendent departments, our divided sov-
ereignty composed of Nation and
State, the matchless wisdom that is
Continued to Page Twelve)

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devised. No one would deny that
there should be full and free ex-
pression aud, an opportunity for inde-
pendence of action within the party.
There is no salvation in a narrow and
bigoted partisanship. But if there is
to be responsible party government,
the party label -must be something
more than a mere device for securing
office. Unless those who are elected
under the same party designation are



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willing to assume sufficient responsi-
bility and exhibit sufficient loyalty
and coherence, so that they can co-
operate with each other in the sup-
port of the broad general principles
of the party platform, the election is
merely a mockery, no decision is made
at the polls, and there is no repre-
sentation of the popular will. Com-
mon honesty and good faith Wyith the
people. who support a party at the
polls require that party, when it en-
ters office, to assume the control of
that portion of the Government to
I which it has been elected. Any other
course is bad faith and a violation of
the party pledges.
When the country had bestowed its
confidence upon a party by making
it a majority in the Congress, it has
a right to expect such unity of action
as will make the party majority an
effective instrument of government.
This administration has come into
power with a very clear and definite
mandate from the people. The ex-
pression of the popular will in favor
of maintaining our constitutional
guarantees was overwhelming and de-
i cisive. There was a manifestation of
such faith in the integrity of the
courts that we can consider that is-
sue rejected for some time to come.


4

Van 15aven s s& IFhomp sAon
INC OPORA



Announce
An. Advance Selling
gf
SPRING TOPCOATS
N INE-TENTHS of the coats
in this selling have been
in stock less than two weeks.
They constitute our new 1925
spring line from the same manu-
facturer who has supplied us for
the past four years.Old custom-
ers especially will recognize
ie values being offered and
the substantial savings accruing
from the purchase of a Top-
coat now.
Guaranteed Values $35 to $45
SPECIAL AT

n I Likewise, the policy of public owner-



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S r ing W ool ens
The assortment consists of a wonder-
ful collection of Imported and Do-
rnestic Fabrics. Priced

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$25

- $30

- $35 -$40

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37-s0 to $76.00

E 11



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