THEMICHIGAN DAILY-



Chicago

Divert

The

Waters

Of

Lake

Mic higa,

...........


oad Is In Favor Of It

emning the City of Chicago for
sent operation of the Drainagej
there, but at the sanme time
ig out that it wasthe inherent
of any city to sufficient water3
needs, Prof. W. C. Hoad of the!
ry engineering department, in
:erview with The Daily, advo-
a far-reaching survey of the
Great Lake system with the
f best conserving it for pos-

' "This great international resource
not inexhaustible," he showed, "and
.. may be very seriously impaired if
i4uitable steps are not taken to pro-
Aect it. The levels of Lake Huron
.nd Lake Michigan have already un-1
oubtedly" been lowered considerably
Sy nipy causes, the Chicago Drainage
4anal being only a minor one.".
Among the other causes that Pro-
tessor Hoad pointed out as respons-
I ble for the lowering of the lakes were,
he channel improvements between
ort Huron and Lake Erie permitting'
lhe water to drain away more rapidly
and the power plants on: both sides
f the Niagara Falls.
Will Find Better Use
In commenting upon the power
knts and their operation he pre-
ieted that within a few years it would
be found necessary to put the waters
of the lakes to so much more import-
ant a use ,that the plants may be.
forced out of existence.
Lake;Superior, differing from Lakes
Hu.rohMichigan; and Erie, is now so1
under"control that it can be restrained
and no diversions of water beyond,
Sault 'St. Marie affect the lake level.l
The entire Great Lakes system should
be regarded as a unit and regulated in
the same way, he believes.
"The question between Ch'icago and
other cities on the lake," said Profes-S
sor Ioad, "with respect to the diver-
sion of the waters from Lake Michi-
gan goes deeper than is popularly
thought. The chain of Great Lakes
is not only the largest,'but the finesta
body of fresh water in the world.
"Everyone in both the United States
and Canada, the two countries mostl
concerned, must want to see it con-
served. In the past it was thought
chiefly useful for nakrigation purposes(
and later for' pofwe,; principally ati
Niagara Falls. Ultimately there is no.
doubf that the use of the water of!
greatest importance to both countries
will be for water supply and for mu-I
nicipal and industrial sewage dis-
posal.'
Detroit Will Grow
"Taking Detroit as an example, it
is found to be a vigorous, growing in-r
dustrial city already more than a mil-

source of water and for a place to dis-
pose of its sewage and industrial
wastes.' The same thing' is true of
Cleveland, Milwaukee, Bu ffalo,t Wind
sor, Erie and many other cities on the
lakes.,
"By the use of the waters for sew-
age disposal it does not mean that it
should go into the lakes without suit-
able purification in order to render
if harmless and innocuous. The vol-
ume of these waste waters, on the
other hand, is so large that there is
no other outlet for them except the
rivers and lakes from which they
came.
Professor Hoad pointed out that in
Cleveland a huge purification plant
for rendering the sewage harmless to
a certain degree had already been
built and that the other cities were
about to undertake the same project.
This was used to show how essential
it5 is to the life of these cities that
they be given the outlet for their sew-
age, for "without this right to such
uses these cities could not exist."
To The Gulf
Touching upon the problem of Chi-
cago he says: "Chicago has similar
neds to Milwaukee, Detroit, Cleveland]
and all the rest of the cities men-
tioned. There is no other source of
adequate water supply except the
south end of Lake Michigan, while
there are but two possibilities in th'e
way of sewage disposal following
pturification. One is the turning it
back into Lake Michigan and the
other is to divert it down the Illinois
and Mississippi rivers to the Gulf of
Mexico.
"Chicago and its near-by cities do
not have the advantages of Detroit
in being situated upon a great river
so that the water supply can be taken
from the up-stream side and the sew-
age expelled on the down-stream side.
"In the case of Chicago it would be
exceedingly unwise from a standpoint
of public health and the broadest con-
siderations of decency and common
welfare for the city to return its sew-
age directly to the stagnant south end
of Lake Michigan from which its own
water supply and that of its neighbors,
is taken.. The ultimate result of such
a procedure woutld be that :presently
the entire end of the Lake would be
used over and over again as it is not
in the main stremii of flow through the
St. Lawrence river system.
"It is. by far the better pollicy not
only for Chicago but for everyone who:
has an interest, in the water of. Lake
Michigan tlft the Chicago sewage be
disposed of through the drainage ca- 1
nal and down the Illinois river.
"In order to make such a plan effi-

nineties when the canal was built the
art of purification of sewage was en-
tirely undeveloped and from then on
the idea ha s been used by the officials
that the best way to remove the waste
was to dilute it with a very large ratio
of water, about 15 to 1. Since that
time an attempt has been made to
keep this and to increase it to 20 or 25
to 1, even with the large increase in
populatiori and hence in the amount
of sewage to be disposed of.
! Is On Firm Baisis
"The obvious purpose of such a
flow," continued Professof* Hoad, "is,
to avoid the necessityoftreating the
sewage and rendering it inoffensive
before turning it loose. It is only
recently that Chicago has put itself
seriously to the task of even partially
purifying its waste products before
putting them into the canal. The art
of sewage purification is now on such
a firm basis that ordinary city sew-!
age can be purified to any desired i
degree, provided only enough money
is wisely spent."f
The selfish attitude of Chicago was1
hit by the expert in that the amount i
of water required to remove the sew-
age is practically in reverse ratio toI
the degree of purification in the treat-
ment plant. Chicago must be given
her share of the lake resources, as she'
certainly ahs a right to them in his!
opinion, but she can not continue to
monopolize more than she deserves.
At the minimum, he believes, enough
water ought to be drawn from the
lake to keep sufficient current run-
ning and to 'prevent any backward
flow into the lake when the wind is
from the south.
ProfeSSors Long
F or A Pied Piper
Wanted a Pied Piper Apply at the
New East Eingineering building te
any professor, assistant or steno-
grapher. Daily the' rats there are be-
coming more and more of a menance
and any of the fair sex who have to
be in.the building at night descend the
stairs paying the closest attention to
small noises.
Two large flower plants in one of-
fice have been destroyed during the
past few weeks and the secretary has
given up hope of ever beautifying it.
Several professors have complained.
that their records are being chewed,
to pieces while parts of the aero-
nautical equipment have had to be
boxed up.
The two libiaries in the building,,
the highway and the chemical engi-
neering, are yin danger of being great-.
ly damaged if the rats start eating
up the books. Those in charge of the
building are looking for some way or
some one who will rid them of the
pests.

L " o ia
There has been renewed interest
her ln Tle Chicago drainage problem
following the recent debate in which
Michigan debaters defeated their op-
pondnts from Chicago on' both sides
of the question, resolved tht Chicago
shouldabe permanently guaranteed
[adequate water supply to take care]
of its drainage properly. Editorials
and ugtters In- the Campus OpinioUi
column have been published pincee
the debate. It is a matternot only
under consideraton here but com-
manding attention .throughout the
country.
Various problems confront the
adoption of any solution to the
situation, one of which would neces-
sitated lowering lake levels. Prof. H.
I C. Sadler of the marine engineering
department made an investigation
some years ago to see what effect
such a redction would have on Great
Lakes shipping and hisviews and the
results of his survey are herewith
given.
No city should be allowed to con-
taminate or utilize our waterways for
drainage systems, is the opinion of
Professor Sadler. There is a limit to
all such supplies, and it will be easier
to face these problems now than in
the future. Every city 'should be
compelled to construct sewage dis-
posal plants and taking the welfare
of the nation as a whole into consid-
eration, this is by far the most reas-
onable solution. It is not right, he
says, that all the people of this coun-
try chould suffer increased prices so
that the people of Chicago or another
city can for the ,time being have
cheaper means of disposing of their
sewage.
"It is a matter of inches and not
feet that ship owners must figure on
when loading their vessels," said
Professor Sadler who made an in-
vestigation to show the exact results I
lowering of the lake levels would
have on the shipping ,industry. At
places between Detroit annd Chicago
there are but three inches allowed to
clear bottom, and many times ships
run aground," he said.
Professor Sadler hassworked .ou'in
'letail the exact iilacement of
specific vessels and sihown 'exactly
what the difference in tonnage that
ships of various types can carry it
the level is reduced one inch and
every additional inch :ul. -to a fot.
The figures for both the loss of ton-
nage and money per year for each of
these ships is astound' g.
For example '{ " a hip 4 x52x8
Every Suit Will Wear Out At
Last, But A HAND-TAILORED
STEIN-BLOcH SUIT Is Last To
Wear Out'
SmartIlthes
-Eng ish
Without

lb 1* ~ T~.,+

must load to allow for a one inch
decrease it will decrease the capacity
55 tons and if for one foot, 660 tons.
To counteract this for the former .2.1=
feet would have to be added to the'
length of the vessel. at a cost of about
s2,000 and qn the latter of about $24,-
000, interest, and. depreciation alone
amounting to about $2,400 on this
amount.
In a ship 605x58x82 the loss' in
capacity for one inch would be about
81 tons and 'for one foot about 972
tons. In one particular ship which
nakes 25 trips per year it was figured
that for a decrease of one inch there
would be a loss of 2,025 tons in a
year's time, and if one foot decrease,
a loss of 24,300 tons.
The transportation of iron ore and
the increased cost to transport it
leads to the calculation regarding the
increased cost of living to the entire
United States ,if the lake levels are
lowered as its products are necessary
to advancement of any community.
The above figures as to costs 'are
conservative, as they were 'made some
years ago; today they would be con-3
siderably increased.
Evanston, April 5. - President
Walter D. Scott of Northwesteri 'Uni-
versity, has ,announced' that drastic I
action will be taken against students
who have shown disrespect for the
flag.


UX INII L


Chemists Give I
Aid To Industry
Chemical engineering is one of the
departments of the engineering school
which has done practical work in con-
nection with the industries of. the,!
state of. Michigan. Work of this sort
has led' to the enlargement of: that
section, and although'it is one of the
newest, it is doing a great deal of ex-
perimental work. :
Among the plants with whihu the
chemical engineers have worked' are:
the Portland Cement; Michigan Gas
association; United States bureau of

mines: Acme White Lead and Cols
werks; and Swenson Evaporat(
company.
On May 19, 1917, an offer was ma(
to the university by the Swens4
Evaporator company to install ar
equip a laboratory for the study
the deign of evaporators and sImiil
problems in Chemical engineerin
The amount expended to date .is b
tveen $15,000 and $20,000. The cor
pany has the privilege of doing th
own research work, provided it do
not conflict with the University
work, with the reservation that a]
fundamental principles discovered.
.data of general scientific importan.
obtained, are public property, even
the work was done by the company.


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TH SUNDAY NIGHT
GREYLUNCH
600 E. .ERTY
~ Founta in Servic

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lion in population and its large in- Ident, Professor Hoad pointed out, it
dustrial development is undoubtedly is necessary to divert a certain amounts
destined to make it a city of three or of water from the lake to mix witha
four milflion in population in the next the selvage and carry it off effectively.
few decades. This is what has been done in the, "
"This huge city is absolutely de- construction and operation of 'the
pendent, upon the Great Lakes as a canal during the past. In 'the early
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New Draperies AWor
Charming new decorative materials and accessories
are bringing largely increased business to our popu-
lar drapery department and our work rooms are -VB a t
humming with activity. - :1is greatly due
.._ To insure getting your draperies when wanted II Poor attention
we suggest the desirability of making selections 1iow. will cause you
There is a wealth' of new fabrics to choose from. Begin now tc
your hair.
Window Shades, The Better Kind, Made the your hair.
IBetter Way For the most
sults, let us giv
WXE ]N Z EL' S tention itnee
PAINTING AND DECORATING = ing, Marcellin
Ann Arbor Ypsilanti
- Blue Bird.
Nickels
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s n psi .uus+.. s "u.a.iat
i
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r i
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q i

nan s

e to her hair
n to your hai
to regret later
take care o

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-
.-


satisfying re
e yours the at
ds-Shampoo-
g, etc.
Hair Shop
Arcade

OU hear a lot
about English-
Effect Clothes, but
what is truly Eng-
lish for the English
is unduly English
for the American.
OurEnglish-Effect
Spring Suits are not
so extreme that they
suggest the 1Picca-
dilly "toff" trans-
planted from his na-
tive heath. We go
to no extremes, ex-
cept extremely fine
woolens, extremely
thorough tailoring
end extremelysnort''
style. You don't at-
tract the attention
of derision in our
English Clothes.
Lindenschmill
Apfel &CO,

Thi'k f Deor.ting
Just before Spring Vacation is a good
time t oarrange for that decorating. Then
when school resumes again the house
will be in order for that Spring House

Now is the, Time- to;

----


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_ W

Party.

"I

is

Man!



Don't you feel that baseball itch?
Get that Glove and Ball now. We have
r them and .any other equipment you
may need.

Our'assortma t ofwall paper .s very
attractive. Come in any time and we will
be glad to talk this problem over with
AML AAgo

,

i

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