S~ AGE FOUR : ,


THE MIC-HIGAN DAILY

UA',N0EOVIEBtR 19, 122


All


wi--ol awArl.-

THE MICHIGAN DAILY


SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 19,.1922



Illiberal

Liberalism

(Preston Slosson) t4) A4 Historic liberalism was always liberal principle from the free press Street"? Has not their every dia-
One ipolitical vocabularyis nowin ing up the Hapsburg monarchy along was hailed as the greatest statesman tolerance, reckless assertion and the
danre pofcominu a nin national lines. The Nation school of the age. 1 deliberate ignoring of inconvenient
through promiscuous misuse. Liber- wept over the liberation of 10,000,000 (9) Historic liberalism, from Kant facts?
alism has a plain historical meaning. Czecho-Slovaks and millions of Ru- to Smuts, has always been warmly No, if we are to term the Nation
Properly used it represents a trend afians, Italians and Yugoslavs as an advocate of a league of nations. school "liberal" we give the lie to
of thought common to statesmendof "the Balkanization of Europe." What When Wilson brought the idea into every champion - of popular or na-
the type of Cavour, Gladstone, and would Swinburne or Garibaldi say of practical politics how was it greeted tional liberties from Wilhelm Tell
Lincolnya potica l theists, sh these usurpers of the grand old name by the Nation, the Freeman and the (we hope he. was a myth, since he
Lincoln, and political theorists sul f "liberal"? "New Republic? With roses? No had the bad taste to fight Austria) to
as Milton,. M1azzini and J. S. Mill. It {of wthraba.e a. rttn .gs. JaesBre whoblighted anble
may be contrasted with the Toryism (5) Historic liberalism rejoiced at with cabbages and rotten eggs! James Byc lig hteda oble
which clings to class privilege, with the reunion and liberation of Poland (10) The much-scouted peace set- career by speaking harshly of the
State Socialism which goes so far .as and its constitution as a democratic tlement of 1919 provided for more ni~Turks) e i-"et
to disregard individual liberities, with republic. Has any one ever read a plebiscites, more guarantees of lib- tion school of liberalism"is really
imperialism and militarism, with kind word for Poland from the Na- erty to minorities in annexed terri- a .blend of Toryism, opposed to the
religious or racial intolerance. It ion, the Freeman or any of the other tory, more provisions for internation, liberation of any oppressed national-
implies such political institutions as: Austrophil pseudo-liberal weeklies? al cooperation than all the major yit h a Prusin Junker
(1) freedom of speech and press, (2) It is notorious that the whole group peace settlements of the world's pre-s might happen to be sitting; of doc-
freedom of assembly, association and demanded the integral restoration of vious history. Have any of these lib- trinaire Socialism,, to which all cap-
private organizations; (3) legal safe- Upper Silesia to Prussia before thc. eral features been duly taken into ac- t t ai l t
guards. such as trial by jury, habeas plebiscite was ever held. Was that count by those who (in some respects, peace-at-any-price pf ename
corpus, etc., (4) representative gov- not as undemocratic as the French-i justly enough) talk of being dis- to fitw them has not yet been found,
ernment, (5) a wide popular fran- Polish policy of giving Poland more lusioned" by a false peace? Have nbt whthe ele it "Lybeian-
chise, (6) local self-government, (7) of Silesia than the plebiscite war- they, like true liberals, given the au-
home rule or complete independence ranted? thors of the peace the benefit of the-
for nationalities, (8) the supremacy (6) Historic liberalism has always doubt as to their good intentions, if Another English lecturer to visit
of the civil over the military power. favored the liberation of Finland and not their success? Have they, like this country is Mrs. C. Williams-Ellis,
So defined, one is free to like' or dis- the Baltic States from Russian control. true liberals, considered the possibil- literary editor of The Spectator and
like liberalism as one chooses but not So. did the Nation school till Russia ity that a statesma* might enter upon author of "An Anatomy of Poetry."
to apply a "catchy" term to quite went Bolshevik, then they began to a war with conscientious motives and She is to lecture on modern poetry
alien meanings. (scold the new peasant-republics as not merely at the dictation of "Wall and the modern theatre in England.
To some, for example, liberalism tools of French "reaction".
means acute alcoholism. "The liber- (7) Historic liberalism has always
als win an election" is often equiv- favored clearing the Turk out ofi
alet t "te etswinanelection"-:;Europe "bag and baggage" (Glad- IT EL I E TNTI T R S E
Therighthofindividual self-poisoningtoea r te AreniaTELLIGENT AND INTERESTE
may be one form of "liberty" but it vinces as well.. The infinite atrocities
is surely a very small 'and limited part of+,Turkish drule fully warranted thislj - -r- 4

Geri
(Wia n} ., Randa
In the year- 1862, when
American was only begin
Bcrt his power for pity, the
in-the then German State
independent nation, and n
knows{ what-Silesia, the t
a hotel keeper named Haup
son was caled Gerhart.E
was just at the beginning
end fifty years of the nine
tury, !Gerhart Hauptmann
and was educated in tha
the history of German lit
German thought when thea
Idealism had not yet been7
the coming Naturalism. He
it might be said, along wi
movement, and his teache
founders and proponents

hzrt Hauptmann---
Apostle of Pity it
ll) (tle girl whom Hauptmann gives us t and then she enters gaily into the
the Great alive and trembling and 'shuddering preparations for the event which is
ning to as- and palpitating under a horror which toy make her the.Bride of Death; then
she cannot understand. she becomes transfigured and beauti-
re was born The "Assumption of Hannelle" is ful with the hone which has been giv-
.o but onc the soul of a little child laid, quiver- en her;- then she goes happy to the
low Heaven .death which will bring her life and

third son of
)tmann. The
Born as he
of the sec-
teenth cen-
n grew up
t period in
erature and
nearly dead
replaced byl
e developed,
th this new
rs were its
--men like

ing from the scourge of an unkind
world, before us. It is all her dreams
and all her fancies; alr her hopes and
all her fears. Her tears and smiles,
are the tears and smiles
cf all of us for the things we must
accept but do not understand. Her
hopes are the hopes of humanity for
a better and more perfect life to come.
Her first words as she is brought in
from the river to which the brutalities
e f her step-father have' driven her
are "I'm afraid." And so she remainsI
all through the play-afraid. Afraid

happiness.
This is the "Assumption of Han-
nelle": transcendently beautiful in its
conception; technically perfect in its I
execution; a masterpiece of dramat-
urgy: this epic of the soul of a child,
which is, after all, the soul of human-
ity. Delicate, yet powerful, it is pa-
thetic without the mawkishness which
a less skillful hand would have given
it. Realistic.in idea, it is idealistic in'
treatment, and so is the work, accord-
ing to Huneker, of a "transcendentalj
realist.+

GER HART HA L
The Famous Germai
and Playwright, Aut
tol," Who Has Be
the Nobel
F~ 1 92!

a

0

of the full meaning of the word. 0th-
ers apply "liberal" to certain theolog-
ical beliefs or disbeliefs. This is ab- I
surd. A Roman Catholic can be lib--
eral in spirit, so can an atheist, so E
can a Parsee. In religion liberalism
means the opposite of intolerance, aIt
belief in the freedom of the individ-
ual conscience, but it has no bear-t
ing on the existence or non-existence1
of miracles, the doctrine of the Trin-
ity, or the historical criticism of cer-
tain ancient scriptures. Everything
from free verse to free love, from im-
pressionist painting to bobbed hair,
has been called "liberal" by thoset
whose hazy thinking confuses liberal-
ism with fashionable modernity.
The most common abuse of the'
word liberalism, only too well illus-
trated by a recent article in The !
Michigan Daily, identifies- liberalism
with the cult of a few critics of the
American policy of the Great.War and
the subsequent peace. Devoted to,
this cult are the lVation of New York, !
the Nation of London,.the Morel-
Brailsford group of British pacifists,
the La Follette group of American
pacifists, and that type of person who1
likes to call himself a "young intel-1
lectual" and to call other people "mo-
rons". Well, this group is not' with-
out many virtues. In the main it is
sincere (though it poses now and
then), it has a blurred but idealistic
passion for world-improvement, itl
honestly hates that very hateful
thing-war, and it courageously and
chivalrously champions what seems
to be for the moment unpopular. But
it differs from historic liberalism in,
many ways. Let me mention a few.
(1) Historic liberalism has always
taken the side of the parliamentary
nations of westernr Europe, especial-i
ly France and England, against auto- I
cratic monarchies, such as were Prus-
sia, Austria and Russia. in 1914. To'
the Nation school the French Repub-
lie, the American Refublic and the
British Commonwealth of Free Na-
tions (miscalled the British Empire)
were, if anything, more objectionable
than the frank mediaeval Toryisn. of
the Prussian and Austrian aristocra-
cy.
(2) Historic liberalism, with its
perhaps exaggerated passion for the
rights of small nationalities, flamed
with indignation at the bullying of
Serbia and the invasion of Belgium.
The Nation, weeping over some small
nations (such as Ireland), was not-J
ably cool when it was Germany which
played the part of oppressor.
(3) Historic liberalism rejoiced at
the restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to
France and of Danish Schleswig to;
Denmark. Did you notice any cries
of delight from the Nation?

attitude. Y et ifLloyd-George so much
as lifts a finger to warn the Turks
from reconquering what they justly
lost in the war it is "Oh, thesetwick-
ed imperialists;, always after, the oil,
wells "
(8) Historic liberalism favored the '
first Russian revolution which estab-I
lished a democracyand. abolished the
tsarist system of punishments for po~-
litical offenses; it opposed 'the second
Russian. revolution which :established
a new class suffrage and a new reign
of terror. Buththertyoung American
pinks cheered the first revolution and i
then cheered louder for the second. I
Though Lenin openly scouted every

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And the ethics of his profession are as binding as those of phyician or priest.

the scientist Haeckel, under whom he of- life and its h103o"s whichs i
studied at Jena knows-and afraid of death, which she- Just as the "Assumption of IHan-I
adoes not know. Until, just at the end, ielle" finds a-poor parallel in Barrie's Both of these plays ar
Naturalism as a type of literature when her mother, already dead, th "Kiss for Cinderella," so another of the .idea of the seeki a
is the result of the ideas of Herbert only person whom the little girl has Hauptmann's plays, "And Pippa But whileMaeterlinc:
Spencer and Charles Darwin. It is P s pay, "AdIaBtwieMtrin
thearriandofcienchadAs r. It sever been able fully to trust, comes Dances" finds a parallel-but this bird" comes to the .
the marriage of Science and Art. It to her bringing the Golden Flower time not so unworthy a one, in the happiness comes to tU
pes o aistic edo t which is the symbol of life to come; "Bluebird" of Maurice Maeterlinck. (Continued on Pa
problems of artistic endeavor. It-'is
therefore founded upon thought and
reason, and not upon feeling and in-
pulse. And it is in this class of litera-
ture that we must place the writings
of Gerhart Hauptmnn, along. with
those of the Frenchmen Zola and Bat- M
zac. Bt with this difference-where If tl eto
the works of the latter two give true
pictures contemporary life, scien-
tifically correct and exact in detail,
the plays of Gerhart Hauptmann are~. a e Prhsr
leavened with a great feeling of pity
and compassion for those whose lives
he presents to us as examples of civil-
ization as he knows it. There runs
through all his dreams, besides this ,This has been a phenomenal coat season. Especially on fine coats costin
careful realism, a thread. of idealism- from $75 to $175 has the demand exceeded the supply. Today it is almos
a seeping for something unknown, un-
defined, but universally desired. And ; impossible to get a re-order filled for this class of wraps, as the cloths ai
this something is Beauty.Beauty inr unobtainable. Then the enormous demand for fur collars has .caused such
its. highest sese--in the sense of Per-
fection. But it is never found. scarcity that wolf collars, for instance, that were $15 each in September ai
Gerhart- Hauptmann's first great !$3250 now
play was "The Weavers," which -was *
produced on the Free Stage in 1893.1
"The Weavers" is a drama with a mob jWe have a few fine wraps on hand at the old prices, but they won't la
as hero. It has all the carefulness and
all the hideousness of detail of the long. Act now if you want one.
most confirmed realist. It presents
a picture of conditions like a Sociolo-
gical report. It lays before us in all I
its stark horror the life of downtrod-
don. It makes us gasp at their suffer- This week we are offering special inducements in three very attractiv
ings. It makes us sympathize with
their longing-which after all is only lines.
a longing for a chance to exist.
It is a master-piece of dramatic
technique. And this, by the way, may .50
be said with equal trueness of every
play that has come from the pen of Casa
Hauptmann. In "The Weavers" the
action begins in the problems of one
family, and from there it spreads un- Coats of Gerona, Cordeloux, Balivia, etc., with or without collars <
til it is universal and we have finally Beaver,-Squirrel, Caracul, etc. elegantly tailored
all the people rising up in revolt and lined and i all tf
against the conditions and the masters latest models are here this week at $48.50. Values to $60.
who are crushing them. There is no
drop in the action. It pushes. on like,
a wave to the end, growing ever larg-
er and ever stronger and ever more
powerful and compelling. And yet be-
hind it all stands the gigantic pity of
the man who created it. We can al- l
most feel that his tears are dropping; Slk Go ns
we know that in his heart and inhis Wool Dresses
mind there is above all else compas-
sion. at$21.50 and 29.50 at 2.50 and 29.5
But it is not in "The Weavers" that
the true feelings of Hauptmann to- - Special offering of some 50 Special offering of some A0
ward his fellows are best seen. There
is something too gigantic ab"iut the gowns regularly up to $40 dresses regularly up to $40
conception of this drama'to allow us
to probe very deeply beneath it and
to come to the man below. And so I
will turn to another of his plays-a
much shorter, a much simpler, but a
much more poetic and a much more
beautiful work-the "Assumption of }
Hannelle,'
James Barrie tried to write a 71Msm
play like the "Assumption of 1 18 M L '_:STR.EET,
Hannelle" when he wrote his "Kiss - M AIN
for Cinderella." ut he fell far, far
short'of his mark. His is only the
skeleton of that which Hauptmann
gives us warm witli flesh and blood; .
his is only the play tragedy of the lit-

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a