THE MICHICAN DAILY MAGAZINE

5

The Program for the National Defense

Editorial note-The author of,
the following article, Col. H. E.
Eames, enlisted in the United
States Army in 1893. Since that
time he has risen from a private
to the permanent rank of Col-
onel. At present Colonel Eames
is commanding officer of Fort

A "peace* army" corresponds in a
way to the police force of a city. It
is small, inexpensive and trained for
peace or war. It usually is organ-
ized so as to be capable of expansion
and is trained to function as the in-
structing staff of the larger and less
efficient "war army."
A "war army" is the force with

Wayne. which international wars- are fought.
What Colonel Ean1es has to It is large, expensive and well or poor-
say regarding the vae and ne- ly trained according to the policy bt
cessity of the Reserve Officers' the government in the matter of its
Training Corps is said with the organization and training. Such an
background of an army officer of ( army is composed .of the man power
considerable experience. His of the nation-the able-bodied male
unqualified belief in the neces- citizens between the ages of 18 and
( sity of training officers, in peace 1 45. If these potential soldiers of a war
times, should give a new signifi- army are trained in time of peace to
cance to Michigan's R. O. T. C.~ their duties, they will be more efficient
than if they remain untrained until
the outbreak of war. Governments
(By Col. H. E. Eames, 54th Infantry) recognize this fact and adopt a policy
Every citizen of a democracy owes by many political and economic fac-
tothe ztors. The United States has adopted
to the government some service in re- such a policy.
turn for the blessings which he re- The military policy of the United
ceives as a citizen of that democracy. States is based upon our traditional
This service may take the form of policy of relying upon the untrained
payment of taxes, voting, office-hold- and unorganized militia of the Con-
stitution' for the national defense. In
ing or a more casual duty such as the five foreign wars of consequence
jury or military service. The needs in which we have been engaged, this
of the government usually determine reliance has at times brought us per-
the character of service to be ren- ilously close to disaster, but because
dered, having due regard to the social of the relative simplicity of war in
the earlier days it has been found
and economic station of the citizen. practical, though at considerable ex-
That a governient may continue its pense and risk, to depend upon such a
orderly existence and give to its citi- force. In the past decade, however,
zens that protection to life and prop-, war has made great strides and is no
erty and that assurance of opportunity longer the simple affair of our fore-
which is its chief function, it is nec- fathers. It is evident to all, as it was
essary that it provide for the national to Congress, that we must now either'
defense from within and from with- abandon our traditional policy andl
out. To meet this necessity govern- adopt some system of universal mili-
ments always have a "peace army," tary' training with all its attendant
and either a "war army" or a plan evils, or, adhering to the old policy,
whereby a war army may be created we must make some provision for
when necessary. training the citizen in peace for his
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war duties and for a more rapid mo- An army of 4,000,000 men, such as
bilization in time of war than was l we raised during the late war, requires
practicable in 1917. a force of 200,000 commissioned offi-
Congress in its wisdom chose the cers. The training of the men and
latter alternative, trusting to the loy- the efficiency of the army depends
alty and co-operation of the citizens, upon these 200,000 citizens suddenly
and by proper enactments it provided called from the pursuits of peace to
for: the strange duties of the field and
1. A regular army, smaller in camp. Without trained officers, the
proportion to the population of army becomes a mob. To avoid this
the United States than the police condition and to make economic use
force of Detroit in proportion to of the war traied officers in our citi-
the population of that city. zenry, the scheme of Organized Re-
u serves was adopted. It will not pro-
2. A national guard, larger than vide, of course, all of the officers
the regular army, supported in needed, but it will go a long way to-
pant by the federal government ward avoiding the condition which
and not to be confused with the confronted us in 1917, when the 3,000
militia of the Constitution; and Regular and 6,000 National Guard of-
3. An Organized Reserve Corps ficers undertook the burden of train-
of commissioned and enlisted men ing 200,000 citizens in a few brief
of former service or special train- weeks to the art of war and the ad-
ing, capable of instant mobiliza- ministration of a company of 250 men.
tion in time of war and designed Should war come shortly-a condi-
to be filled to war strength by tion we are all striving to prevent-
draftees. (Continued on Page 8)
4t
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