The Michigan Daily - michigandailycom

Tuesday, January 15, 2013 -5

The Michigan Daily - michigandailycom Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - 5

BERNANKE
From Page 1
down.
He has also attempted to
reduce long-term interest
rates through large-scale asset
purchases, such as mortgage-
backed securities. Such activity
has had positive effects on
spending and investment and
has also helped reduce mortgage
interest rates.
Collins asked Bernanke'
to address the critics of his
unconventional monetary
policies, who say that lowering
interestrates takes pressure off of
Congress and that massive asset
purchases can incur serious risk.
Bernanke said the Federal
Reserve has a dual mandate
from Congress: to achieve price
stability - or low inflation -
and maximum employment.
While the policies have
maintained inflation at a low rate,
unemployment rates are still too
high.
"Our effort to try and create
more strength in the economy
and put people to work ...
motivates and justifies what has
been an aggressive monetary
policy," he said.
Though high unemployment
is still an issue, Bernanke
believes things are going in the
right direction and would like
to continue with his approach of
communicating to the public and

large-scale securities purchases.
Bernanke cautioned that
his institution has authority
over monetary policy, but it is
Congress that is responsible for
fiscal policy.
"I think that it's not really up
to the Fed to be playing games
to try to induce Congress to
do what it needs to be doing,"
Bernanke said. "Congress needs
to take care of their job, which is
to address fiscal issues."
While most of the discussion
focused on federal fiscal and
monetary policy, Bernanke did
devote some time to talk about
the economic conditions in the
state of Michigan.
He explained that because
Michigan is so reliant on the
automotive industry, when sales
dropped during the recession,
unemployment in' the region
exceeded the national average.
While the region is taking
positive strides toward
recovery, he cited much room
for improvement. Like other
industrial regions, Michigan is
doing a good job diversifying into
the technology, health care and
education industries, Bernanke
said.
Bernanke said he places high
value in studying economic
history and that mistakes made
during the Great Depression
heavily influenced his approach
during the 2008 fiscal-crisis.
Kathryn Dominguez, a
professor of public policy

and economics who has done
much research on the Great
Depression, said in an interview
after the discussion that she
supported Bernanke's monetary
approach.
"He did exactly whatstudents
of the Great Depression would
have done," Dominguez said.
"The Fed was not aggressive
enough during the depression;
they were contractionary
when they needed to be
expansionary."
Though the discussion
touched on many topics,
Bernanke said his priority was
to see the economy continue
to recover and to see the labor
markets become stronger. For
many of the students in the
audience, Bernanke's discussion
did inspire some confidence in
the future.
LSA sophomore Evan
Carpenter said Bernanke eased
some of his concerns about the
nation's economy.
"I think it was reassuring just
to hear that he was 'cautiously
optimistic' about the future,"
Carpenter said. "I don't think
anyone is optimistic about
the future because there is so
much uncertainty, but to hear
him say if all goes according to
plan, everything will work out is
reassuring."
-Daily Staff Reporter
Alexandra Mondalek
contributed to this report.

LECUTRE
From Page 1
assembly required.
"The way chips were made
at this time were very much by
hand," Nakamura said. "Part of
the reason that the Indians were
understood to be ideal for this
work is that Indian women were
famous for their rug making and
jewelry production. The thinking
was that this was the same kind of
thing."
Nakamura's research showed
that the Shiprock plant had
the lowest error rate for new
semiconductors among all the
Fairchild plants. While the
Fairchild plant in San Rafael had a
40-percent error rate, the Navajo
women recorded just 5-percent
error.
But Nakamura's research
also revealed the factory's
negative impact on the Shiprock
reservation.
"One of the complaints that
workers at Fairchild had was that
SACUA
From Page 1
also elucidated; if a student is
discontinued or has voluntarily
withdrawn for aterm, the student
can re-apply to their respective
programs to reenroll.
During the first two years that
this policy was implemented, 16
out of the 23 students who applied
for re-enrollment were accepted
by the faculty of their programs,
Weiss said.
There was some controversy
over the reinstatement-fee policy,
which previously stated that half
of an enrollment fee would be
paid by the program and half
would be paid by the student.
This policy also made the fee
25 percent of the prevailing
candidacy tuition at the term of
re-instatement for each fall and
winter term that the student
was gone from the program.
SACUA members questioned
the rationale for increasing the
fee in proportion to the time the
student was not enrolled.
Weiss said the fee maxed out
at eight semesters and provided
an -incentive for an expedited
return to Rackham and would
benefit students.
"(We wanted) to encourage
students to return as quickly

they didn't have time to do any
rug weaving or even take care of
their own children," Nakamura
said. "Rugs were made out of a
form of cultural expression, but
no one makes a circuit out of a
form of cultural expression."
In 1975, the American Indian
Movement occupied and
destroyed the plant because of
protests over Native American
unionization and the lack of
employment for men in the
community. Even after the plant
closed, however, the legacy of
Native American culture in
digital media remained strong in
the United States, Nakamura said.
"Indians were the original
D.I.Y.-ers," Nakamura said.
"They were an inspiration to
the counter-culture: buckskins,
fringes, moccasins,beads,braids."
The presentation also included
an open discussion between
Nakamura and audience
members. Many in attendance
were members of the University's
Science, Technology and Society
Program.
as possible ... for establishing
relationships with their advisers,
for ease of presumption of
financial support, to minimize
the amount of catch up the
students needed to do in their
research field," Weiss said. "As
long as students keep enrolling,
and as long as the faculty
continues to say that students
are making progress towards the
completion of their degree, we
have no interests in preventing
anyone from earning a degree."
Weiss further emphasized
the yield of this new policy:
The completion rate has risen
among students who began their
Ph.D. programs between 2001
and 2005 from 65 percent to 72
percent.
Weiss said she was satisfied
with the progress of the policy.
Her goal completion rate is
around 75 percent.
"I'm very glad to see more
students finishing their degrees
and going on having the kinds of
careers they came to Michiganto'
pursue," she said.
Benson, the RSG president,
said the new registration policy
has not substantially affected
students at Rackham.
"The new registration policy
has had a minimal effect.
For students who have been
here longer, the effect is more
pronounced," Benson said. "For

Petra Kuppers, a professor of
English and Women's Studies
said she attended because she
teaches a class called "Indigenous
Women's Cultural Creative Art
Practice," which shares some
similar topics with Nakamura's
work.
"I'm fascinated by the material
that Lisa was able to unearth -
this interesting material from the
Shiprock reservation," Kuppers
said. "I think it's really interesting
to find out about how digital
media and native studies are in
contact with one another."
Rackham student Adam
Kriesberg said his friends in the
Science, Technology and Society
Program recommended the
speaker.
"These types of things have
been going on," Kriesberg said.
"The parallel between women's
work and the migration of factory
work to Asia is a story that I
was ready to receive, but (the
presentation) did shed light on a
specific story that I didn't know
anything about."
the majority of students who are
newer ... these issues rarely come
up."
But Benson emphasized that
graduate students disagree with
partsofthe reinstatementfee. They
want to gather more data before
proposing to change the policy.
SACUA DISCUSSES
TUITION AFFORDABILITY
SACUA members also
discussed the issue of tuition
affordability at the University.
Members suggested that the
University is unaffordable for
students and the general public,
and that measures have to be
taken to combat the trend.
SACUA Vice Chair Kimberlee
Kearfott said she is concerned
tuition limits the University's
applicant base. Other members
stressed that the University's
priorities in conveying its tuition
aid need to be more clear and
transparent.
Physics Prof. Finn Larsen
specifically.wanted to improve
the quality of information that
the University provides to the
public about its financial aid
policies.
' "If they look on= the actual
financial aid webpage, they are
incredibly obscure, and they're
opaque, they are misleading, and
I think it's on purpose."


DOCTORS
From Page 1
a desire to learn and grow.
"We didn't say, 'OK, we only
want the best and the brightest,"'
Phillips said. "I wanted to open it
up to students who said, 'Hey, I
want to become a doctor, and I'm
a B student. But with this on my
resume, it has encou-aged and
pushed me to excel."'
The program is made up of
about 20 high-school students,
mainly freshmen, but also a
few seniors who have a strong
interest in pursuing a pre-med
degree in college.
Finks said another goal of
the program is to help students
understand "the kind of
academic achievement you need
to have, that commitment to
studying, that sacrifice you have
to make," in order to become a
doctor.
The students will be exposed
to a variety of introductions
to the field of . medicine. On
Jan. 9, students came to Ann
Arbor to take part in a series
of simulations similar to those
that Medical School students
participate in. Students have
also attended a panel discussion
led by University doctors and
medical students, took a tour of
University facilities and went
through mock exam rooms.
Finks said future activities
will include a career day and

activities centered on anatomy
and global health.
Although the program
currently has activities
scheduled only through the end
of the year, Finks hopes to work
with students throughout their
remaining years of high school.
He said future years may involve.
undergraduate students from
the University serving as guides
as the high-schoolers approach
college. He also said he hopes to
repeat this program for incoming
freshman.
Students are working in small.
groups on their own capstone
projects which involve research
on a health crisis of their choice
in order to understand how they
can help reduce occurrences
of that condition in their
community.
In addition to the hands-on
experiences, Cass Tech students
have each been' paired with a
Medical School mentor. Finks
said their role is to be accessible
to the students, share their
experiences and answer any
questions they may have.
Medical School student
Brittani Jacksonsaid she thinks
mentoring is one of the most
important parts of this process.
"Even if our conversations
aren't medically related, just
to have a presence, and to see
someone who is where you would
like to go is very important,"
Jackson said.
Jackson is proud the

University is aiding students
from Detroit.
"It says so much that the
University of Michigan is making
this a priority," Jackson said.
"The fact that they are investing
in the future - I'm so excited to
be a part of that."
Cass Tech freshmen Nicole
White and Jordan Gregory are
participating in the Doctors
of Tomorrow program. White
said she aspires to be a cosmetic
surgeon and Gregory, a
veterinary surgeon.
"They give us the knowledge,
and we actually get to do the
things and practice," White said.
"It's a good head start."
"They're not just introducing
us to one type of doctor. They're
introducing us to the entire
(medical) world," Gregory said.
White and Gregory both
said they are learning about the
college atmosphere in general,
not just the field of medicine.
"It's not just playing around
with the tools and learning
procedures," Gregory said.
Phillips said she feels very
lucky that her students have this
opportunity and hopes they will
continue to be empowered by
their experiences.
"The thought of having high-
profile physicians and med
students to take from their day
to spend hours with our students
giving back to the community
speaks volumes to me and to the
students."

Mubarak's new trial could
answer key question

Ex-President'George H.W.
Bush leaves the hospital

Oldest living
former Chief of
State treated for
bronchitis
HOUSTON (AP) - Former
President George H.W. Bush was
released from a Houston hospital
and went home Monday after
spending nearly two months
being treated for a bronchitis-
related cough and other health
issues, a family spokesman said.
Bush, 88, the nation's oldest
living former president, was
admitted to Methodist Hospital
on Nov. 23. His stay included
a week in intensive care last
month.
"I am deeply grateful for the
wonderful doctors and nurses
at Methodist who took such
good care of me," Bush said in a
statement released by spokesman
Jim McGrath. "Let me add just
how touched we were by the
many get-well messages we
received from our friends and
fellow Americans. Your prayers
' and good wishes helped more
than you know, and as I head
home my only concern is that I
will not be able to thank each of

you foryour kind words."
Bush had been in the hospital
for about a month before his
office disclosed in late December
that he was in intensive care
because physicians were having
difficulty controlling a fever
that developed after the cough
improved.
His office said on Dec. 29
that he had been moved back to
a regular hospital room. Since
then, his conditionhad continued
to improve and he has been
undergoing physical therapy to
rebuild his strength.
"Mr. Bush has improved
to the point that he will not
need any special medication
when he goes home, but he will
continue physical therapy," Amy
'Mynderse, the doctor in charge
of Bush's care, said in Monday's
statement.
Bush's office said he was treated
for a bacterial infection, along
with the bronchitis and cough.
Bush. and his wife, Barbara,
live in Houston during the
winter and spend their summers
in Kennebunkport, Maine. On
Jan. 6, they celebrated their 68th
wedding anniversary. They are
the longest-married presidential
couple.
"The problem now is he's no

longer going to be pampered
by all these nurses and health
care providers in the hospital;
now his caregiver is Barbara
Bush," Bush's son, Jeb, the
former governor of Florida, joked
Monday at an education forum in
Nashville, Tenn.
"Now I'm going to have to call
my mother and apologize," he
quickly added.
White House press secretary
Jay Carney posted a message on
Twitter stating: "Great news re
POTUS 41," areferencetoBushas
the nation's 41st president. "From
44 down, we all are relieved he's
out of the hospital and wish him
& his family well."
Bush had served two terms as
Ronald Reagan's vice president
when he was elected in 1988 to
be the nation's 41st president.
Four years later, after a term
highlighted by the success of the
1991Gulf War in Kuwait, he lost to
Democrat Bill Clinton amid voter
concerns about the economy.
Bush has a long record of
service, beginning with his
enlistment in the Navy in World
War II. At one point, he was the
nation's youngest naval aviator.
He was shot down in the Pacific
and rescued by an American
submarine.

Responsibility for
brutal crackdown
maybe assigned
CAIRO (AP) - Hosni
Mubarak's new trial may resolve
key questions unanswered in
his first one: Who ordered the
crackdown that left some 900
protesters dead and who pulled
the trigger?
But the answers could
complicate the new president's
efforts to stabilize Egypt and
deal with its economic woes since
they might bring pressure to go
after still powerful figures in the
security forces.
'Mubarak and former Interior
Minister Habib el-Adly . were
sentenced to life in prison in June
for failing to prevent the killings
during the 18-day revolution in
2011 that toppled the leader's
29-year regime. Standing trial
with them were six police
generals, five who faced the same
charges, while the sixth was
accused of gross negligence. All
six were acquitted.
The ruling raised widespread
public anger over what was seen
as a shoddy prosecution case.
Many believed Mubarak should
have been convicted for directly
ordering the lethal crackdown.
The presiding judge of that first

trial said the prosecution's case
lacked concrete evidence and
failed to prove the protesterswere
killed by the police, indirectly
giving credence to the testimony
of top Mubarak-era officials that
"foreigners" were behind the
slayings between Jan. 25 and Feb.
1, 2011.
Nearly 100 police officers have
been brought to trial ina string of
cases over the nearly two years
since Mubarak's Feb. 11, 2011,
ouster. All were acquitted or
received suspended sentences on
charges of killing and wounding
protesters, a trend that has
angeredthosebehindtheuprising
who say authoritarian rule
cannot truly be ended without
dismantling what is left of the
Mubarak regime, particularly
in the large police force and
pervasive security agencies.
On Sunday, Egypt's main
appeals court overturned the life
sentences against Mubarak and
el-Adly and ordered a new trial
for the two. It also granted the
prosecution's request to overturn
the acquittals of Mubarak, his
two sons and an associate of the
former president, Hussein Salem,
on corruption charges. Salem was
tried in absentia and remains at
large. Six police generals who
were found not guilty also will be
tried again.
No date has been set for the

newtrial and no word on whether
they would be all be tried together
or separately.
Mubarak's supporters cheered
the decision, which came in
response to an appeal by the
former leader's lawyers.
But the outcome of the new
trial could bring a new setback for
the 84-year-old ousted leader.
If convicted again, the life
sentence passed against Mubarak
and el-Adlywouldbeupheld.They
could also have their sentence
reduced or even be acquitted.
This time, the case could
be boosted by new evidence
contained in a confidential report
by afact-findingmissionappointed
by Mubarak's successor, Islamist
President Mohammed Morsi.
Ahmed Ragheb, a prominent
rights lawyers and a member of
the fact-finding mission, said the
report has established the use
of deadly firearms by the police
against the protesters.
That finding, if substantiated
in the proceedings, would bring
responsibility for the crackdown
closer-to Mubarak and el-Adly.
The report has also found
that Mubarak, contrary to what
his defense lawyers have said
all along, was fully aware of the
extent of the uprising and how
security forces dealt with it
though a live television feed into
his palace.


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