10 The Michigan Daily - michigandaily.com Thursday, January 26, 2012 - 5A The Michigan Daily - michigandailycom Thursday, January 26, 2012 - 5A SURVEY From Page 1A The survey also showed that University freshmen claimed to have a higher workload in high school than other freshmen. At the University, 63.1 percent of freshmen said they spent at least six hours studying, whereas only 39.5 percent of freshmen across the country said the same. The survey also found that 46.4 percent of University fresh- men completed five or more Advanced Placement courses in high school, compared to 21.7 percent of all freshmen in the United States. Though the University's switch to the Common Applica- tion last year has resulted in an increased number of applicants it did not significantly change the percentage of incoming fresh- WARNER From Page 1A position as coordinator after her daughter was diagnosed with a form of brain cancer in 2003. She said Warner's confidence in the facility led her to seek treat- ment for her daughter and even- tually apply for the position at the hospital. "Pat ran this institution with heart and with intellect that enabled us to feel confident that we could stay here and pro- vide our daughter with the best chance of surviving and thriv- ing," Parent said. MASTER'S From Page 1A care system," Genovese said. The Health Informatics pro- gram will combine the "inno- vative and problem solving techniques" of the School of Information with the School of Public Health's "knowledge of healthcare of populations as well as their ability to influence indi- viduals to live more healthy life- styles," Friedman said. He added that the University's blend of information technology and public health expertise pro- vides a forward-thinking faculty that will prepare the next gen- eration to meet the needs of the expanding U.S. health care sys- tem. men who considered the Univer- sity as their first-choice school. In 2010, 68.9 percent of incoming freshmen said the University was their first choice, and in 2011, the percentage dropped to 65.5. Matney wrote in a separate e-mail interview that the small margin of difference shows Michigan's continuing popular- ity. "What I take from this is that, although a much larger num- ber of students are applying to Michigan, we are also the most desired destination for a rising number of students," Matney wrote. "(The University) is spe- cial in the aspiration of thou- sands." Authors of the study noted that rising tuition costs and a slowly growing economy con- tributed to a rise in freshmen debt levels across the country. Survey data found that the per- Parent commended Warner for giving her the support and independence to start a pro- gram that joins families and faculty. "Families and staff adore her," Parent said. "She's there 100 percent of the time and makes herself available, as she is responsive and truly listens to their voice." Scott Newport, a UMHS vol- unteer and the parent of a former patient, said he has immense respect for Warner's longstand- ing commitment to families over the years. "It's people like Pat War- ner who are great leaders, and "There is widespread agree- ment that informational technol- ogy will be vital in solving the problems of the healthcare indus- try," Friedman said. School of Information Dean Jeffrey MacKie-Mason said an aging population and a wealthier society have contributed to the growing demand for educational opportunities in health-related information technology, and careers in areas like health analy- sis, hospital administration and health insurance. "Cost of health care will soon become one of the single most important expenditures in the United States," MacKie-Mason said. " ... It is because of this that there are a lot more demands for informational technology in the healthcare system." centage of all incoming freshmen in the nation in 2011 who needed $10,000 or more in loans to pay for their firstyear of college more than doubled the percentage in 2001, from 5.6 percent to 13.3 percent. University freshmen, on the other hand, exhibited the oppo- site trend. In 2011, 3.4 percent of University freshmen expect- ed to use $10,000 or more in loans, while in 2001, 5.6 percent expected the same. Matney wrote in the email that the decrease in loans has more to do with an increase in financial aid from the University rather than a change in the finan- cial background of attending stu- dents. She cited the University's commitment to M-PACT, a finan- cial aid program that increases grants and decreases loans for students in the Ann Arbor cam- pus. everything in those kinds of institutions depends on leader- ship," Newport said. Newport said his appreciation for Warner comes partly from his gratitude for the doctors who worked at Mott. "We work with the doctors and nurses on a daily basis, and after all of the visits, we sit back and appreciate the leadership that they work under," Newport said. "She encourages the staff to be the best they can be. I'm going to miss her." UMHS spokeswoman Mar- garita Wagerson said UMHS will hold a national search for Warner's replacement. LSA senior Kyle Heckaman wrote in an e-mail interview that he is applying to the Health Informatics program for the fall because it will allow him to utilize a variety of academic skills. Heckaman added that he is considering working in a hospi- tal as an information officer, and that a degree in Health Informat- ics would help him use available information to address deficien- cies in the health care industry. "After I realized that direct patient care was not for me, I still wanted to remain in a health- related field, one that would allow me to utilize the quantitative and analytical skills I learned while at studying biochemistry," Hecka- man wrote. "A degree in health informatics will allow me to do both of those things." REGULATIONS From Page 1A the majority of regulatory work of psychological studies is done at the departmental level by institu- tional review boards. The boards review proposals for experiments before they're performed, con- duct random audits on research- ers and handle complaints from participants against researchers or particular studies. "It is set up-solely to review experimental procedures," Seif- ert said. "The board has faculty members from across the Univer- sity, and they reviewthe proposed procedures to see if they are ethi- cal or not." Seifert added that the boards report to the federal government if they find evidence of legal vio- lations that cannot be handled internally. "The institutional review board is there to guarantee that researchers follow the ethical principles outlined bythe (Ameri- can Psychological Association) and federal law about how partici- pants can be treated in research," Seifert said. Christine Moretto Wishnoff, health program specialist at the National Institutes of Health, said the "Common Rule" - a portion of the federal regulation code on human research subjects within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - is the main federal law overseeing experimentation. The rule also mandated the establishment of institutional review boards to bet- ter protect volunteers in psycho- logical experiments. "The charge of the institutional review board is to assess that risk to subjects have been minimized and that risks are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefit," Wishnoff said. The violations NIH deal with are usually not very seri- ous, Wishnoff said. Lapses in the required yearly reviews are the most common, but she said she has never seen a study that would seriously imperil subjects brought to her office. She added that a key criterion for the funding that NIH pro- vides for psychological research is based on the ethical consider- ations of the proposed experi- ment. "Typically when we look at studies that would result in duress, we would make sure there is an evaluation of whatever the research would be," Wishnoff said. "Issues of subject protection and concerns are flagged at that point (of the evaluation). A grant cannot be paid until those con- cerns are addressed." Both Wishnoff and Seifert agreed that the use of deception and other misleading techniques will continue to be necessary in psychological experiments in order to obtain honest results from participants. "The nature of science has somewhat changed," Wishnoff said. "There will always bestudies that employ some level of decep- tion or disclosing only certain aspects of a study design." Edward O'Brien, a Rackham student who has conducted psy, chological research in the past, said potential ethical dilemmas concerning psychological experi- ments were clearly presented to him, even during his undergradu- ate years at St. Joseph's University. Before he could conduct experi- ments at the undergraduate level, O'Brien said he had to take a sum- mer course about experimental ethics, and he was also required to complete an online course at the University of Michigan before he was allowed to work with human subjects. O'Brien said he believes the greatest ethical concerns facing psychological research today are not harm to the participant, but rather the inadvertent revela- tion of a participant's confidential information or results from a test. "Having personal information like a cell phone number or an e-mail address that the participant didn't agree to give (are more of a concern), as compared to the old days like the 'shocking experi- ment' (application of electric shocks to participants) that would physically harm the participant (by giving them electric shocks)," O'Brien said. O'Brien added that institutional review boards emerged informal- ly at the Nuremburg trials after World War II with the revelation of Nazi experiments. Wishnoff said these were formalized when the Common Rule became law in 1991. Beyond research psychology, professional psychological care also receives strictly enforced regulation. The Michigan Board of Psychology - whose members are appointed by the governor - regulates psychological treatment and practices and oversees profes- sional licensing. Robert Hack, a limited license psychologist and member of the Michigan Board of Psychology, said the board doesn't usually deal with research issues, but instead focuses on complaints against pro- fessionals in the practice. If there are reported violations against psychologists, the complaint often undergoes a process similar to that of an institutional review board. "(The complaint) goes to the office in Lansing which asks us to investigate and (also) the assistant attorney general's office to investi- gate violations," Hack said. "It'sup to interpretation sometimes. Some of it's relevant, but sometimes it's just a therapist not really doing what (the patient) wants them to do." LSA freshman Tonia Ballantyne said she was required to partici- pate in basic psychology experi- ments for her Psychology111class. Though some of the experiments were handled professionally, she said she was correctly debriefed after, which she said she felt was an ethical concern. "(The researchers) had manipu- lated certain variables, but they never said what they were on the debriefing form," Ballantyne said. "I thought that was very contra- dictory to what we had learned in class." The researchers were flustered when they encountered a glitch in their computer system, and even admitted that their debrief- ing form didn't say anything about what the experiment addressed, Ballantyne said. "The professionalism was down the drain at that point" WANT TO COVER A SPEECH BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES? JOIN DAILY NEWS. IT CAN BE YOU. E-MAIL RAYZAG@MICHIGANDAILY.COM Student Publications seeks New Members The University of Michigan Board for Student Publications is recruiting new members for three year terms beginning in April. The Board is responsible for three publications: The Michigan Daily, the Michiganensian yearbook, and the Gargoyle. Because the Board is committed to realizing diversity's benefits for itself and for the publications it oversees, the Board is particularly interested in recruiting members of the University community (faculty, staff and students) or the general public who are members of underrepresented groups and who have experience and expertise in journalism, law, finance or fund raising. All interested persons are encouraged to apply. For more information and application forms, please contact Mark Bealafeld, Student Publications General Manager at (734) 418- 4115 extension 1246 or mbealafe@umich.edu. The deadline for applications is Monday, February 13th The polls are now open! Vote now in the Best of Ann Arbor Survey! fIOo~r v