Tuesday, October 10, 2006 - The Michigan Daily - 9 American Phelps wins 2006 Nobel Prize in econ INDIGENOUS PEOPLES DAY NEW YORK (AP) - An American economist who devel- oped theories about unemploy- ment that better capture how workers and companies actually make decisions about jobs has been named winner of the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Eco- nomic Sciences. Edmund S. Phelps, 73, a pro- fessor at Columbia University in New' York, was cited yesterday for research into the relationship between inflation and unemploy- ment, giving governments bet- ter tools to formulate economic policy. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which announced Phelps' selection in Stockholm, s Sweden, said in its citation that "Phelps' work has fundamental- ly altered our views on how the macroeconomy operates." Americans have swept all the Nobels announced so far this year, with Phelps being the sixth named for one of the pres- tigious awards. The economics prize carries an award of $1.4 million. Two other Nobel prizes have yet to be announced - the win- ner of the prize for literature will be announced Thursday, fol- lowed by the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday. Phelps told reporters in his New York apartment that he learned of the prize in a phone call from Sweden that woke him early in the morning. He said he had waited for the award for a long time, but wasn't expecting it this year. "I thought for a time I would get it in my 60s, then I thought I would get it in my 70s and, more recently, I've been thinking that I would get it in my 80s," he said. He planned to teach his yes- terday class at Columbia - and share some champagne with his colleagues. Phelps was born in Chicago and earned his bachelor's degree at Amherst College in Amherst, Mass., in 1955 and his Ph.D. at Yale University in 1959. He has been the McVickar professor of political economy at Columbia since 1982. The Swedish academy cited research by Phelps which chal- lenged the prevailing view in the 1960s that there was a pre- dictable tradeoff between infla- tion and unemployment. That view held that any government wanting to reduce joblessness by stimulating the economy would have to tolerate rising prices as a result. Phelps argued that this view didn't take workers' or com- panies' decision-making into account, and his research showed that their expectations about both unemployment and infla- tion affected their actions. Phelps told reporters yester- day that his goal was to make economic theory better reflect the real world. LSA senior Cynthia Biro, treasurer of the Native American Student Association, talks about what the federal gove Columbus Day, but others call Indigenous Peoples Day, with a group of passersby gathered on the Diag. "While it get the facts and truth about Columbus and into the pubiic, our primary aim was not so much a protest, but to en she said. "We took a positive stance in order to raise awareness about Indigenous contributions toward the creat ern world." FOOTBALL Continued from page 1 thing there is to know.... So, at some point I will." Carr refused to acknowledge that Manningham was hurt, but did not deny it either. "I just don't have anything to tell you. I really don't have any- thing to say," the coach said. Manningham left Saturday's 31-13 game midway through the third quarter. There was no play where he lay on the field and appeared to be injured, and it is uncertain whether the apparent injury was caused by contact. Manningham was seen on the sideline icing his knee in the fourth quarter. He didn't talk to media following the game. Carr seemed optimistic when asked if freshman Greg Mathews would be ready to step up and join starters Steve Breaston and Adrian Arrington if needed this weekend. "I think Greg Mathews has really done a great job up to this part of the season, and we feel confident in his ability from the first game," Carr said. "That's why we played him early. I think we anticipated at some point that his role would increase." Fifth-year senior Carl Tabb, who has been nursing an injury most of the season, along with sophomore Doug Dutch, redshirt freshman LaTerryal Savoy and converted running back Alijah Bradley, could also be in the mix for playing time if Manningham can't play. Along with leading the nation in touchdown catches (nine), Manningham also tops the Big Ten in receiving yards (527) and receiving yards per game (87.8). Eight of his nine touchdowns have come in the past four games, including a three-touchdown performance in Michigan's 47- 21 win against then-No. 2 Notre Dame. Lower standards help Army meet recruiting goal WASHINGTON (AP) - The U.S. Army recruited more than 2,600 soldiers under new lower aptitude standards this year, help- ing the service beat its goal of 80;000-recruits in the throes of an unpopular war and mounting casu- alties. The recruiting mark comes a year after the Army missed its recruitment target by the wid- est margin since 1979, which had triggered a boost in the number of recruiters, increased bonuses, and changes in standards. The Army recruited 80,635 sol- diers, roughly 7,000 more than last year. Of those, about 70,000 were first-time recruits who had never served before. According to statistics obtained by The Associated Press, 3.8 per- cent of the first-time recruits scored belowcertainaptitudelevels.Inpre- vious years, the Army had allowed only 2 percent of its recruits to have low aptitude scores. That limit was increased last year to 4 percent, the maximum allowed by the Defense Department. The Army said all the recruits with low scores had received high school diplomas. In a written state- ment, the Army said good test scores do not necessarily equate to quality soldiers. Test-taking abil- ity, the Army said, does not mea- sure loyalty, duty, honor, integrity or courage. Daniel Goure, vice president of the Lexington Institute, a private research group, said there is a "fine balance between the need for a certain number of recruits and the standards you set." "Tests don't tell you the answer to the most critical question for the Army, how will you do in com- bat?" Goure said. But, he added, accepting too many recruits with low test scores could increase training costs and leave technical jobs unfilled. "The absolute key for the Army is a high-school diploma," Goure said. About 17 percent of the first- time recruits, or about 13,600, were accepted under waivers for various medical, moral or criminal problems, including misdemeanor arrests or drunk driving. That is a slight increase from last year, the Army said. Of those accepted under waiv- ers, more than half were for "moral" reasons, mostly mis- demeanor arrests. Thirty-eight percent were for medical reasons and 7 percent were drug and alco- hol problems, including those who may have failed a drug test or acknowledged they had used drugs. The Army said the waiver process recognizes that people can overcome past mistakes and become law abiding citizens. Army Brig. Gen. Anthony A. Cucolo said that adding more recruiters enabled the Army to identify more recruits. "We got the right people in the field in the right places in the right numbers," said Cucolo, the chief spokesman for the Army. CLEMENCY Continued from page 1. tance from local law enforcement as well as her daughter's doctor, but she said nobody would get involved because of her husband's military involvement and position in the community. Finally, she told a friend. Days later, Hamilton's husband was shot. Hamilton now serves life in prison for a crime she says she did not commit. It's cases like this that led art Prof. Carol Jacobson to establish the clemency movement in 1991. Although Gov. Jennifer Gran- holm rejected all 20 petitions for clemency in May, the group con- tinues to press her to pardon the women. "Many of these women never had fair trials," Jacobson said. In some situations, evidence of spousal abuse was not permitted in the trial, she said. Granholm had kept the peti- tions for two and a half years before announcing she would not grant any pardons last spring. Many members of the clemency group said they found it strange that a female governor would show so little compassion for the wrongful imprisonment of abused women. Several group members said they built up false hopes because the governor kept the petitions for so long. Some members also question if Granholm's inaction may be motivated by her gubernatorial reelection campaign against Dick DeVos. Jacobson said Granholm might be trying to maintain a "hard-on-crime image." Jacobson said though that DeVos would not be any more likely to grant clemency to the imprisoned women. She said a large part of the problem is due to the legal system being "male- constructed and interpreted" and that Granholm is "the last hope to redress injustices based on gender." Jacobson also condemned the treatment some women receive in Michigan prisons such as Scott Prison in Genessee County. Dur- ing research trips to this prison, Jacobson has found that many women in this facility are sub- jected to rape by prison guards, fall ill due to medical neglect and are "tortured because of mental illness." One woman was even impreg- nated by a guard and gave birth to his child in prison, Jacobson said. The Women's Clemency Proj- ect dedicates its campaigns to Connie Haynes, who committed suicide after serving 25 years in prison for a crime many say she did not commit. She experienced medical neglect for her rheuma- toid arthritis in the years leading up to her death. "Abu Ghraib has nothing on Michigan prisons," Jacobson said. At the rally, Diane Engleman, a survivor of domestic abuse recent- ly released from prison through the efforts of Jacobson's petition- ing, illustrated what she called the gender biases in the Michigan legal system by recounting the story of Carol Irons. Irons, one of the first female judges in the state of Michigan, was murdered in her courtroom in October 1988. The murderer was not a vengeful convict, but her own husband. After making his way through the police station below Irons' office with a gun, he bypassed security (which had been warned that he might try to harm Irons) and shot his wife in the face and throat, killing her. He also wounded a police officer in a struggle before he surren- dered. He received 16 years in prison and was released. Eighteen out of the 20 women who murdered their husbands to save their own lives received life sentences. Engleman drew attention to the inconsistency in punishment, wondering, "if someone as high up in society as a judge can't get justice, then what chance do other women have?" One of the speakers at the rally pointed out that it costs much more to incarcerate a criminal that to educate a child in Ameri- can society. Aside from ethical issues, that should be motivation to thoroughly consider clemency requests, he said. Emily Peden, who led the rally, remains hopeful that the governor will be more generous after the election is over. The group plans to submit the petitions to the gov- ernor after the election, no matter who is in office. "I hope she does something, but it's hard to believe she will," Peden said. Should DeVos be elected, the group expects him to treat the petitions in the same way as former Gov. John Engler, who ignored them. "He wouldn't even look at the petitions," Peden said. The Michigan Legislature recently amended and passed a law that allows the use of deadly force without a duty to retreat if imminent death, great bodily harm or sexual assault is antici- pated. But this law does not apply to domestic violence cases and some say many women are in prison for using precisely this kind of self-defense. DRAIN Continued from page 1 According to a study of recent University graduates conducted by the University's Office of Budget and Planning, though, that notion isn't as well-supported as some think. University researchers Elaine Fielding and Albert Anderson tracked down current residential information for about 95 percent of the alumni who earned a bach- elor's degree between 2001 and 2005. They found that more than half of recent University graduates and more than three-quarters of recent- ly graduated in-state students still live in Michigan. In net migration of all college graduates between 1995 and 2000, the state ranked 22nd. But the 2000 U.S. Census ranked Michigan 45th in the country at retaining recent college graduates. Between 1995 and 2000, the state lost 7,000 more recent graduates than it gained. Many of the in-state students in Fielding and Anderson's study who chose to leave stuck around for a couple years after gradua- tion. Eighty-five percent of 2005 University in-state graduates live in Michigan, but only 70 percent of 2001 graduates still live in the state. The numbers seem to indicate that most in- state students find their first post-graduation job in Michi- gan, then trickle out as they get job offers elsewhere. Fielding and Anderson also found that the rate of students remaining in Michigan depends greatly on which profession they pursue. In-state students who graduate from the School of Nursing and the School of Education, which prepare students for licenses in the state, are more likely to stay than the average graduate, while barely over half of in-state Ross School of Business graduates live and work in Michigan. Danish websites remove video mocking Prophet COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) - Videos showing anti-immigrant party members mocking the Proph- et Muhammad were pulled from Web sites yesterday as two youths seen in the clips were reported in hiding and the Foreign Ministry warned Danes against traveling to much of the Middle East. Muslim clerics from Egypt and Indonesia condemned the video broadcast in Denmark last week showing members of the Danish People's Party youth wing with car- toons of a camel wearing the head of Muhammad and beer cans for humps. A second drawing placed a turbaned, bearded man next to a plus sign and a bomb, all equaling a mushroom cloud. In a move aimed at defusing tension, the Danish Foreign Min- istry met ambassadors from Mus- lim countries to discuss the video Monday. It was unclear how many diplomats took part in the meeting hosted by Foreign Ministry direc- tor Ulrik Federspiel or which coun- tries they represented. Foreign Ministry officials explained to the ambassadors that the government had denounced the drawings and that the footage had been removed from the two Web sites that had posted it, the minis- try said. Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen condemned the youth in the video Sunday, saying "their tasteless behavior does in no way represent the way the Danish peo- ple or young Danish people view Muslims or Islam" Citing critical media reports from many Muslim regions, the Foreign Ministry cautioned against travel to Gaza, the West Bank, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey. WAGE Continued from page 1 affected. Borders employees used to be a part of a union, which raised wages. Other student employees will start to find more money in their pockets because of the new law. The People's Food Cooperative, a natural foods store and cafe at 216 N. 4th Ave., already pays above the new required wage but plans to increase its wages by the beginning of next year. "We always stay a dollar above minimum wage at least," said Julie Sverid, human resource director for the co-op. Sverid said the co-op won't be able to pay $7.95 but will definitely pay no less than $7.50. The co-op currently pays $7.40 per hour to entry-level employees, typically, students in their twenties with previous job experience. Sverid said the company does not plan to cut labor to cover the wage hike. "We do not lay people off," Sverid said. "I don't think we ever have." Good Time Charley's owner Rick Buhr said he employs mostly University students. Although the new law does not require him to increase wages for his wait staff, he said work- ers still in training are paid minimum wage, and the $1.80 increase was "pretty massive" for the bar and restaurant. "This puts a lot more pressure on people to perform immediately - we cannot take as much time (training) them as in the past," he said. Students working at Ben and Jerry's ice cream shop at 304 State Street earn $6.50 an hour for scoopers and $7.50 for shift leaders. Matt Arthur, who owns the ice cream store as well as Surf City Squeeze in Briarwood Mall, said he will raise pay accordingly. He does not plan to cut labor. "I have to take care of customers, and I will be keeping labor to give the best customer ser- vice possible," Arthur said. Dave Reid,the University's director of human resources communications, said the impact of the increase on University employees will be minimal. Slightly more than 500 temporary and stu- dent employees working at the University's Ann Arbor, Flint and Dearborn campuses will get a raise to match the new minimum wage. "As far as I know no labor was cut, but indi- vidual departments make decisions themselves for staffing needs," he said. Rebecca Blank, dean of the Ford School of Public Policy, said the main reason for this increase is not to benefit young workers. "Many university students have been working at jobs well above minimum wage already," she said. "The main reason for this increase is to support low-wage workers and provide full-time workers, particularly adults trying to raise a family, with econom- ic stability." A