The Michigan Daily - Thursday, January 8, 2004 - 7A Some say 'U' interaction with Detroit community helps smooth relationship RESEARCHERS Continued from Page 1A there is no resistance. Indeed the University of Michigan has a rather positive image. As I said, I've been doing research in Detroit since 1976, and I think saying you're from the University of Michigan actually opens doors," Farley said. "I wish there were stronger connections between the University and Detroit, but there are quite a few already," he said. The issue, however, has prompted action in the past. A number of professors, includ- ing those in social work and public health, have noticed the University's image prob- lem in Detroit. Feelings of exploitation have bred antagonism and distrust, some have contended. With history in mind, faculty members serv- icing schools, organizing political action and conducting research are striving to overcome the University's image problem. As a professor in the School of Educa- tion, Stella Raudenbush directs the Lives of Urban Children and Youth Initiative, a com- munity service-oriented program in which University students aid schools and partici- pate in mentorship and recreational activi- BIRTH CONTROL Continued from Page IA "It's not as effective as if women were on a form of ongoing contraception," she said. Safe Sex Store owner Beth Karmeissol said she is adamantly against giving the drug a non-prescription status. . "I don't think people will understand the implications of the 'morning after' pill," she said. "It causes a false menstrual cycle. ... It's a very severe action being taken by the pill." Karmeissol added that although there are no known long-term side effects, increased and unmonitored use might have unanticipat- FRATERN ITI ES Continued from Page 1A do take full responsibility for it, but I didn't send it." The administration said there are no offi- cial plans for any modifications to the Greek ties in Detroit. "In the school program, we support academ- ic instruction and work in culturally supportive activities," Raudenbush said. Mentors and volunteers take classes at the University, where they study the sociol- ogy of Detroit and the dynamics of per- forming service. Students also receive a summer internship in Detroit, conducting various community services. The purpose is to immerse undergraduates in a particular area to help them understand the influences on a community, she said. The benefits for both students of the Univer- sity and children in Detroit are evident, and stu- dents, many of whom are part of the Michigan Community Scholars Program, are dedicated to each of the community partners, Raudenbush added. But programs in the past have been per- ceived negatively, seen as transient and uncom- mitted, noted Raudenbush. "That's a problem. And that's why we've designed the program so that the students work within the same program for two years - so that they can really develop a relation- ship with the people in the program," Rau- denbush said. Adrienne Hunter at the University Preparato- ry Academy in Detroit - which receives men- tors from LUCY - said the program has run smoothly, the only glitch being an occasional scheduling problem. The program demands commitment and consistency. When one student's schedule conflicted with that of the school's, she opted not to participate. "She didn't have the chance to really con- nect with a student," said Hunter, who is the community learning coordinator for the academy. But while University students must stay within the umbrella LUCY program for two years, they may not be obligated to stay within a particular school. During University Prep's first semester with LUCY, five mentors were in the program, but only two stayed for the next. The other three students went to other commu- nity partners in Detroit. LSA sophomore Kaellen Weld-Wallis spent her first semester at Logan Elementary School and her second at Bellevue. She stressed, however, that students are taught to keep close the best interests of the community. "There's something that we really talk about a lot - an asset-based approach to a commu- nity," said Weld-Wallis, who is a third-semester "There's something that we really talk about a lot - an asset-based approach to a community.... One thing that we do, and one thing that I'm able to do because I'm from the neighborhood, is see (ourselves) as an asset to that neighborhood' - Kaellen Weld-Wallis LSA sophomore LUCY participant. "One thing that we do, and one thing that I'm able to do because I'm from that neighborhood, is see (ourselves) as an asset to that neighborhood." She added that problems arise when stu- dents try to "save the community." Instead, LUCY students incorporate themselves into a neighborhood and become role models and mentors. "The real ethic that drives LUCY is con- sistently asking of the program and of our- selves: what does a student need to know in order to be an effective member of the com- munity?" Raudenbush said. Participants are taught "that you are in fact under the direc- tion of the community." And it is the notion and perception of com- munity that Farley said he seeks to understand. Farley will measure the responses of white, black and Mexican opinions on dif- ferent neighborhoods' compositions: ones in which all residents are white, black or Mexican, integrated neighborhoods and neighborhoods that are upscale, middle class or have "starter homes." Using qualitative and quantitative results, Farley hypothesizes that "black respondents will prefer the integrated situation and will least prefer the all-white situation." White respondents may believe that if blacks come into their neighborhoods that crime will increase, property values will go down and the quality of schools will decrease. ed effects on the female body. She added that her greatest fear is the sale of the drug by stores that would not educate the customer in its use. "I know that most stores don't take the time to educate their customers about precautions to certain products," she said. "I'm for the availability of the pill, but only in the controlled environment it's in now." In the event that the drug is granted non- prescription status, Karmeissol said that she would sell the drug, but cautiously. "If it does pass, we will sell it, but I'll be having a long conversation with my staff about how to sell it," she said. sion between the University and IFC. Harp- er's "Plan" actually seeks to defer fall rush only for students beginning their first term at the University. The timing of these measures comes after the hazing incident at the Sigma Chi fraterni- ty where a sophomore pledge was hospital- Astronomers claim sun's UV rays responsible for wave of extinction system and added that the next dialogue with students. "We are still developing a process and schedule for dis- cussion, feedback and shar- ing," said University spokeswoman Julie Peterson. While both groups share similar goals, such as sup- port for state anti-hazing leg- islation or the eventual implementation of substance- free housing, lack of commu- nication and misunderstanding has hin- dered both their efforts. "We need to be clear about what hazing is and what the consequences are," Harper said. The IFC opposes deferring] step calls for a " I think the way this is going about won't necessarily solve the problem.... We aim to improve every aspect of Greek life and want to stamp out hazing.' - Casey Bourke IFC President ized for renal failure after being forced to partici- pate in calisthenics without water. "I think the way this is going about won't neces- sarily solve the problem," Bourke said. "We aim to improve every aspect of Greek life and want to stamp out hazing. We fully endorse anti-hazing legislation but this feels like punishment." Harper responded by refuting the claim. "This is not punish- ment for hazing," she said. "These recommen- Ancient supernova explosion may have allowed UV rays through atmosphere ATLANTA (AP) - The second-largest extinction in the Earth's history, the killing of two-thirds of all species, may have been caused by ultraviolet radiation from the sun after gamma rays destroyed the Earth's ozone layer. Astronomers are proposing that a superno- va exploded within 10,000 light years of the Earth, destroying the chemistry of the atmos- phere and allowing the sun's ultraviolet rays to cook fragile, unprotected life forms. All this happened some 440 million years ago and led to what is known as the Ordovi- cian extinction, the second most severe of the planet's five great periods of extinction. "The prevailing theory for that extinction has been an ice age," said Adrian Melott, a University of Kansas astronomer. "We think there is very good circumstantial evidence for a gamma ray burst." Melott is the leader of a team, which includes some astronomers from the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration that presented the theory yesterday at the national meeting of the American Astronomical Society. Fossil records for the Ordovician extinction show an abrupt disappearance of two-thirds of all species on the planet. Those records also show that an ice age that lasted more than a half million years started during the same period. Melott said a gamma ray burst would explain both phenomena. He said a gamma ray beam striking the Earth would break up molecules in the stratosphere, causing the formation of nitrous oxide and other chemicals that would destroy the ozone layer and shroud the planet in a brown smog. "The sky would get brown, but there would be intense ultraviolet radiation from the sun striking the surface." he said. The radiation would be at least 50 times above normal, pow- erful enough to killed exposed life. In a second effect, the brown smog would cause the Earth to cool, triggering an ice age, Melott said. The extinction "could have been a one-two punch," said Bruce Lieberman, a paleontolo- gist at the University of Kansas and a co- author of the theory. "Our theory builds on earlier theories" that included an ice age. Before the extinction, the Earth was unusu- ally warm. Melott said climate experts have been unable to find a model that would explain the sudden onset of massive glaciers. "They need something to jump start the ice age," he said. "The gamma ray burst could have done it." Jere Lipps, a paleobiologist at the Universi- ty of California, Berkeley, said gamma rays as a source of the Ordovician extinction should be regarded as only one of several theories. "It is a hypothesis that should be tested," Lipps said. He said the widely-accepted idea that the dinosaurs were wiped out by an asteroid 65 million years ago started out as a "wild idea," but that it gained wide support after other research. Most of the life killed in the Ordovician extinction were primitive sea creatures. Those that lived at or near the surface would be greatest risk from the ultraviolet radiation. Melott the species killed lived in shallow waters or reproduced with lar- vae that spent part of their lives near the water surface. Animals living in deep water were not harmed. There were only primitive plants living on land, but they, too, would have been affected, he said. Melott said it is almost certain that Earth has been zapped by a gamma ray several times in its 4.5 billion year history. "You can expect a dangerous gamma ray burst every few hundred million years," he said. "It could happen tomorrow or it could be millions of years." Supernovae, the source of gamma rays, usually leave behind remnant clouds of dust, shock waves and black holes that can be detected for millions of years. Melott said there is no known evidence of such a nearby supernova, but that in 440 million years the Milky Way would have rotated almost twice and traces of the explosion. could have been moved during that time. The Ordovician was the first of five great extinction in history. The Devonian, 360 million years ago, killed 60 percent of all species; the Permi- an-Triassic, 250 million years ago, killed 90 percent of all life; the late Triassic, 220 million years ago, killed half of all species; and the Cretaceous-Tertiary event destroyed the dinosaurs and half of all other species about 65 million years ago. Rush and live- in supervisors because of their effect on fra- ternities' enrollment and financial situation. They cited the potential for housing compli- cations and their First Amendment right to free association, claiming they are being dis- criminated against. According to IFC members, "deferred Rush" would mean that no University stu- dents would be allowed to rush fraternities or sororities until winter term, as opposed to choosing between a fall and winter rush, which is the current practice. And here emerges another point of confu- the michigan daily STILL LOOKING FOR FALL? 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