The Michigan Daily - Tuesday, November 11, 2003 - 7
Support for Rep
POLL
Continued from Page 1
ships across the country. The University chapter has
doubled its membership in the last three years and
increased its typical meeting attendance from 10
members to 75, he said.
Republicans also said they have won voters' sup-
port on an economic front - despite a burgeoning
federal budget deficit and 2.5 million job losses
under Bush, according to the U.S. Department of
Labor.
"Bush came into an economy that was in a reces-
sion," Stormo said, recalling the Enron and World-
Com corporate finance scandals that occurred on
the president's watch. "But the actions he's taken
since then have been working.... We see a 7.2-per-
cent (gross domestic product) increase (in the third
quarter of the fiscal year), which is the highest in
20 years."
Stormo added that Republican measures -
such as income-tax cuts nationwide and in Michi-
gan - returned more than 126,000 jobs to the
economy last month and have helped build party
support.
But Pew Center Associate Director Scott Keeter
said Republican empathy could be short lived if
tblicans has rIsen since Sept. 2001
Michigan's economy does not reclaim more manu-
facturing jobs. Michigan has lost more industrial
positions than any other state and has one of the
nation's highest unemployment rates, according to
the Labor Department.
"In Michigan, if manufacturing jobs continue to
leave the country, that might be a state that identi-
fies more with the Democratic Party," he said.
And despite significant Republican gains, the
survey states that "after Sept. 11, the electorate is
evenly split over President Bush's reelection."
While officials said the survey offers some
insight into the 2004 election, Keeter and Kohut
described the poll as merely a "starting point" for
gauging public opinion. Each month before the
election, the center will release more specific polls
examining Bush's approval ratings and pitting the
president against his Democratic opponents.
For now, the survey's lack of a simulated election
may limit analysts' ability to make far-reaching
speculations about the outcome of the upcoming
presidential race, said Mark Brewer, executive chair
of the Michigan Democratic Party.
"Numbers like these go up and doxn all the
time," he said. "And I'll tell you, they don't decide
elections. ... Partisan identification is not the end-
all, be-all of elections."
Republicans also did not post gains among
blacks, who typically vote Democrat. LSA senior
Ken Nadolski, vice chair of the College Democrats,
said he doubts Republicans will receive overwhelm-
ing support in Wayne County, which contains 60
percent of the state's black population.
"The Democratic Party stands up for the values
of (all) people," Nadolski said, adding that his
group has vastly increased its membership since he
joined. "I don't see the African American communi-
ty switching to the Republican Party."
Nevertheless, officials said the survey is telling,
to a certain degree, of national and state political
attitudes.
"The way I look at the whole phenomenon is that
the ground under everyone has shifted a few inch-
es," Keeter said of the electorate's inclination
toward the Republican Party. "If the basic starting
point for the parties has changed by a couple of per-
centage points nationally, ... the Republicans have a
couple ticks of the clock."
The survey, which polled 2,528 adults by phone
during the summer, also examined interviewees'
"early voting intentions" in the 2004 election, their
attitudes about the national business environment
and opinions on U.S. foreign policy, among other
indicators.
LABOR
Continued from Page 1
schools, including Pennsylvania,
Columbia and Brown are appealing
the decisions.
While the board continues to elabo-
rate on the definition 'of graduate stu-
dent employment at private schools,
state courts several decades ago
resolved the issue for University grad-
uate student instructors.
The employment status of gradu-
ate students at the University of
Michigan and other state universi-
ties is determined by the Michigan
Employment Relations Act.
Under the act, the University
challenged the Graduate Employees
Organization when it was first
founded in the 1970s, but state
courts sided with the student
instructors, GEO member Daniel
Shoup said.
Shoup, a former president of
GEO, said graduate students
deserve to the right to bargain col-
lectively because they conduct a
significant portion of teaching at
the University.
"We do something like a quarter
of all contact hours - the number of
hours undergraduates have contact
with a teacher of any kind," he said.
Graduate student teachers at pri-
vate schools perform the same
amount of work as their counter-
parts at the University, but in many
cases they still cannot unionize,
said De Leon, co-chair of the
Alliance of Graduate Employee
Locals.
"Generally, the GSIs at Penn who
work in the natural sciences are lab
leaders, and the GSIs in the arts and
humanities teach their own classes,"
he said. "We all do the same work."
De Leon added that student
instructors at Pennsylvania earn
$400 less per month than University
of Michigan GSIs, even though
their costs of living in Philadelphia
are much higher than in Ann Arbor.
And unlike the students at
Columbia and Brown, graduate stu-
dents at the University can unionize
even though not all of them are
required to teach, GEO Steward
Nathaniel Poor said.
He said the requirements vary by
department and degree level. Most
doctoral students teach as part of their
curriculum because many of them
pursue academic careers, but most
master's degree programs do not
require student teaching, Poor said.
Battista said that before a deci-
sion on the Columbia and Brown
cases can be reached, President
Bush must appoint another member
to the board. Five members usually
sit on the board, but currently only
two Republicans and two Democ-
rats are serving as board members,
he said.
Battista said there is speculation
that the president will appoint a
fifth member during Congress'
recess this winter. In that case the
appointee would not have to receive
Senate confirmation until next year,
he said.
I I
HOLD UP
Continued from Page 1
Arbor. She also said she doesn't have
a problem walking down the street
after nighttime closing.
"I was never worried about it. I
don't know - maybe that's naive,"
she said. "I guess the robbery at
Michigan Book and Supply and
(Sunday's) are the only two major
crime stories from this area, which I
guess is two more than last year."
"I don't think it's getting violent
here," she added.
CARTOON
Continued from Page 1
printed in the magazine. In the 1920s, cartoons tended to be
aristocratic, elaborate and sometimes anti-Semitic, Mankoff
said. Cartoonists highlighted class divisions, representative of
the city's burgeoning wealth, growing immigrant population
and rising economic inequality.
Over time, cartoons became more "democratic" and sim-
pler. Brevity and wit increased in value, Mankoff added.
Nancy Derringer, a University Knight-Wallace Journalism
Fellow, agreed with this reasoning. When Derringer was a
child, she regularly read the anthology of The New Yorker car-
toons and recalled the stark difference between current and
older cartoons.
"They used to have full pages and multiple panels, and line
after line of text. So he's right, they have gotten much simpler
and a lot more ironic in a lot of ways," Derringer said.
Events can also influence humor. Mankoff described car-
toons after the attacks of Sept. 11. After the magazine refused
to print cartoons for the issue following the attacks, the subse-
quent months brought cartoons that "dealt with the darker side
of life," Mankoff said.
"Insome deep way, all humor is dealing with the dark side
and the problems in life, and I think that's what it's for," he
added.
To exemplify comics published after Sept. 11, Mankoff
showed a cartoon depiction of traditional New York City sub-
way scene. The caption read: "It's taking a little time, but I'm
starting to get back to hating everyone."
Such published sketches would be very useful to faculty
members in psychology.
"You could do archival research for example, comparing
how political satire has changed from, say, the mid-'20s to the
present. You could-take comparable events in history and see,
for instance, how Hitler was satirized versus how Saddam
Hussein was satirized," Gonzalez said.
Mankoff discussed some other possibilities for more
research. For example, psychologists could study the time
delay between when an observer first eyes a cartoon and the
first laugh.
"If we did brain imaging, (we could explore) what is hap-
pening at that time," Mankoff said.
Mankoff will lecture in East Hall throughout the week.
Other lectures include "How One Judges What is Funny" and
"Editing Humor."
DEATHS
Continued from Page 1
"Three representatives talked in
detail about the grieving process
and about the range of emotions
that they might be feeling. They
encouraged them to find ways to
talk about their feelings through
either CAPS or (other) friends,"
Payton said.
Payton added that both girls were
a part of a close spiritual communi-
ty. She said that the community has
been depending on spirituality to
cope with the situation.
The funeral arrangements for
both girls will be held at 1:40 p.m.
at the Islamic Center of Ann Arbor.
Their parents were notified yester-
day and are receiving the news rela-
tively well, considering the
circumstances, said Khalil. After
the prayer service at the mosque,
both bodies will be returned to
Malaysia for burial.
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