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Tuesday
18, 2003
©2003 The Michigan Daily
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Vol. CXIII, No. 112

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Bush demands Saddam
leave Iraq orface U.S.
military intervention

By Dan Trudeau
Daily Staff Reporter

President Bush moved the United
States one step closer to war with Iraq
last night in his primetime address to
the nation demanding Saddam Hussein
leave Iraq in two days - or face mili-
tary consequences.
"All the decades of deceit and cruel-
ty have now reached an end. Saddam
Hussein and his sons must leave Iraq
within 48 hours. Their refusal to do so
will result in military conflict com-
menced at a time of our choosing,"
Bush said.
The president cited intelligence indi-
cating Saddam's possession of
weapons of mass destruction, his histo-
ry of inciting violent conflict in the
Middle East and his hatred of America
as justifications for military action
against Iraq.
Bush also addressed the failure of
the U.N. Security Council to reach a
resolution authorizing a global military
strike against Iraq, and stated that the
United States and its allies were capa-
ble of disposing of Saddam without
U.N. support.
"For the last four-and-a-half months,
the United States and our allies have
worked within the Security Council to
enforce that council's longstanding

"The terrorist threat
to America and the
world will be
diminished the
moment Saddam
Hussein is disarmed"
- President Bush
demands. Yet some permanent mem-
bers of the Security Council have pub-
licly announced that they will veto any
resolution that compels the disarma-
ment of Iraq," Bush said. "The United
Nations Security Council has not lived
up to its responsibilities, so we will
rise to ours."
Bush also used the address to warn
U.S. citizens of a potential terrorist
response to the war as Saddam and
other enemies of the United States
might use terror as a desperate reac-
tion. But Bush optimistically added,
"The terrorist threat to America and
the world will be diminished the
moment that Saddam Hussein is dis-
armed."
The American public, by a 2-1 mar-
See BUSH, Page 5

Bush raises terror alert
in ultimatum to Iraq,
prom Ases fture strikes

President Bush addressed the nation last night to declare that Saddam Hussein has 48 hours to leave Iraq before the United States and its allies take military action.
Students voice mixed reactions to conflict

By Emily Kraack
Daily Staff Reporter
Students' eyes were on President Bush last night
as he delivered his final ultimatum to Saddam Hus-
sein and the Iraqi regime. Reactions to the address
ranged from relief and support to doubt and uncer-
tainty.
LSA junior Angela Montagna, who watched with
about 50 other students in the Michigan Union,
said she objected to further waiting for war. "I
think the 48 hours thing is a silly request. (Presi-
dent Bush) knows it's not going to happen," she
said. "If (he is) going to take action, I think he
should stop waiting and just do it."
* LSA sophomore Jim Kelly and Engineering
sophomore Ankit Patel questioned the timing of the
ultimatum. "Everything else in the Bush adminis-
Market soars in
face of Iraq war
By Lydia K. Leung
Daily Staff Reporter

tration is going wrong," Patel said, noting business
scandals like Enron and the fact that America still
has not caught Osama bin Laden. He said that
President Bush "needs something to divert the
attention of the American public, and I don't think
he knows what he's getting into."
Kelly said he felt Bush could have been more
diplomatic early on, but that French threats to veto
any-war resolution on the U.N. Security Council
made it impossible to continue diplomatic efforts.
"I have really mixed feelings - it seems like
Saddam Hussein does have weapons of mass
destruction, but it troubles me that we're going
without U.N. support. It just seems like we decided
to go to war first and justified it later," Kelly said.
LSA junior Adam Dancy said he was surprised
that Bush scaled back his original 72-hour grace
period to just 48 hours. "I don't think (Bush) really

expects Saddam to go anywhere. It's a last ditch
effort for Saddam to be exiled," he said. "Since it
was going to happen anyway, it's just that much
more humane of Bush to warn (citizens)."
Kelly said he was surprised at Bush's message to
the Iraqi people. "I was surprised that he made
such an effort to reach out to the Iraqi people and
the Iraqi military," he said. "It just seems like
we've been in such a rush to war that I was sur-
prised he would make such considerations."
RC sophomore Emily Kearns, an Anti-War
Action! member, said she took Bush's message to
the Iraqi citizens with a grain of salt. "I don't think
that he really cares about the Iraqi people," she
said.
She added that nothing in the speech caught her
off guard. "It didn't really seem like he was saying
See STUDENTS, Page 7

WASHINGTON (AP) - President
Bush said yesterday the United States
will unleash war against Iraq unless
Saddam Hussein flees his country
within 48 hours. The president warned
Americans that terrorists may strike in
retaliation and put the nation on higher
alert.
"The tyrant will soon be gone,"
vowed Bush, commander in chief of
250,000 U.S. troops poised to strike.
Bush set a course for war without
U.N. backing after months of futilely
trying to persuade Saddam to disarm.
In an address televised worldwide, he
spoke to several audiences at once,
starting with the American public and
skeptical allies and including Saddam,
Iraq's military and its citizens
"The day of your liberation is near,"
Bush told Iraqis.
The speech did not silence opposi-
tion from home and abroad to Bush's
tough-on-Saddam policies. Senate
Democratic leader Tom Daschle said
Bush had failed "miserably" at diplo-

macy, forcing the United States to go
to war with Iraq.
From the ornate cross halls of the
White House, Bush said for the first
time that Saddam could not retain power
even by beginning to disarm his nation
of weapons of mass destruction - long
the stated goal of U.S. policy in Iraq.
The only way war can be avoided now is
Saddam's exile, Bush said.
"All the decades of deceit and cruel-
ty have now reached an end," the presi-
dent said. "Saddam Hussein and his
sons must leave Iraq within 48 hours.
Their refusal to do so will result in mil-
itary conflict commenced at a time of
our choosing."
The 48-hour clock started at 8 p.m.
EST yesterday, White House
spokesman Adam Levine said.
At home, Bush raised the terror alert
status from yellow to "high risk"
orange, the second-highest level.
"War has no certainty except the
certainty of sacrifice," Bush told a
See ALERT, Page 7

Nationwide anti-war protests
advocate civil disobedience

Stock prices soared on Wall Street yesterday when the
uncertainty surrounding the nation for the past four months
started to clear up as signs showed the war with Iraq is immi-
nent. The Dow Jones Industrial Average Index surged by
282.21 points - or 3.6 percent - to 8141.92. The triple-digit
gain created the year's best single-day performance, and
pushed the index back up to the 8,000-point level for the first
time since Feb.21.
The frantic trading atmosphere was not limited to the Dow
Jones Industrial Average Index - the Nasdaq Composite
Index and S&P 500 Index also jumped up by 3.9 and 3.5 per-
cent, respectively.
"The market is up today because of information saying that
war is going to start soon and end soon," Business Prof. Nejat
Seyhun said.With various reports supporting the fact that the
current gap of military strength between the United States and
Iraq is even larger than the Gulf War's, most Americans are
expecting a quick victory over Iraq.
"The stock market hates uncertainties hanging over," busi-
ness Prof. E. Han Kim said. With more signs that the U.S.-led
attack on Iraq will most likely begin within days "people can
make a better sense of what might happen," he said.
Kim added that the rallies did not mean the stock markets
favor war but it indicated that investors welcome visibility in
cSt Ef.NOlMV PaO1 7

The Associated Press
With Bush signaling that war could be immi-
nent, some anti-war groups were pressing sup-
porters yesterday to begin civil disobedience
immediately.
Eight opponents of a war were arrested yes-
terday in Traverse City, when they tried to
block an Army Reserve convoy headed to a
training area. One handcuffed himself to a
truck and the other seven locked arms in front
of the vehicle, police said.
In San Francisco, anti-war protesters shrouded
themselves in body bags yesterday in front of the
British consulate, chanting "no killing civilians in
our name." Some blocked traffic in the city's
financial district. Police in riot gear cleared an
intersection, and about 40 arrests were made.
San Francisco anti-war groups have laid out
similar plans on a larger scale for the outbreak of
war, including an effort to shut down the Pacific
Stock Exchange and some high-profile commer-
cial buildings.
"The bare bones of the plan is to basically shut
down the financial district of San Francisco. The
way we see it is that we basically unplug the sys-
tem that creates war," said Patrick Reinsborough,
one of the organizers.

Tim Kingston, a spokesman for the San Fran-
cisco-based Global Exchange, says his anti-war
group has kept away from organizing civil dis-
obedience, though some members expect to take
part on their own. He said some worry about stir-
ring more resentment than sympathy with such
disruptive tactics.
But he added, "What else are we supposed to
do? Sit and say nothing ... and be silent? That's
not very American."
Having had months to focus on the buildup
toward conflict with Iraq, America's anti-war
activists say they are ready to mark the first days
of war with protests in dozens of cities coast to
coast.
' They vow to block federal buildings, military
compounds and streets in a rash of peaceful civil
disobedience. They say they will walk out of col-
lege classes, picket outside city halls and state
capitols, and recite prayers of mourning at inter-
faith services.
"It is sort of an acknowledgment that we are
probably not going to be able to stop the war,"
said Joe Flood, who is helping to plan a student
walkout from classes at Harvard University, in
Cambridge, Mass. He said more than 1,000 peo-
ple have pledged to participate.
See PROTESTS. Pa 7

Geronimo Garcia of San Francisco is hauled away by several police officers during
an antiwar protest that disrupted traffic in San Francisco yesterday. Inside: More
coverage on Iraq conflict. Page 5. .

I