The Michigan Daily - Tuesday, December 4, 2001 - 7

MREACTION
Continued from Page 1
during the last four days, ranging from outrage to
sadness. Most said they believe this has been
another setback in the peace process, which has
consisted of opportunities of hope, shattered by
acts of violence.
"After today, I don't think there will be peace
in our time," said Medical student Matt Holtz-
man, a member of the Hillel Governing Board.
There was very little optimism on campus
yesterday about the prospects of peace. Near
Eastern studies Prof. Yaron Eliav said Israeli
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's conservative poli-
cies have not produced fruitful results.
"We could have had a solution 12 months ago,
but now we're as far away as possible," Eliav said.
In addition, many people blame Yasser Arafat
for not being assertive enough with militant
Palestinians. But some say that it is not an easy
thing to do with such a divided nation.
"Palestinians are not one monolithic entity who

can control these terrorists, said Rackham student
Aiman Mackie.
While most people agree both sides have been
at fault in the conflict, there are some who feel
Israel's retaliatory attack on Gaza yesterday was
understandable while unjustified. This represents
the paradox of politics in the Middle East where
violence can sometimes be the only road to peace.
"I don't know if violence is the alternative at
all, but Israel does have to defend itself," Holtz-
man said.
Just as President Bush has said America's free-
dom and resolve were tested on Sept. 11, this week-
end's attacks have put Israel in a similar position.
"The test of democracy is not so much how it
functions in times of relative calm but how it
behaves when under attack," said Michael
Brooks, executive director of Hillel.
Eliav said Americans must separate the tragedies
of this weekend from the tragedies of Sept. 11, and
look at the recent situation more rationally.
"Awareness should be played more as a sophis-
ticated understanding of war," he said.

Bush backs Israeli defiense

Los Angeles Times
WASHINGTON - After months of urging
Israel to act with "restraint," the Bush admin-
istration abandoned that word yesterday and
endorsed Israel's right to defend itself in any
way it sees fit. "The president's point of view
is that Israel is a sovereign government,"
White House spokesman Ari Fleischer said.
"Israel has the right to defend herself."
Fleischer and U.S. State Department
spokesman Philip T. Reeker insisted that
despite the latest surge in violence, the
administration had not abandoned hope for a
negotiated Israeli-Palestinian peace agree-
ment. But their comments marked a sharp
change in direction from earlier U.S. focus on
efforts to mediate a cease-fire that would be

acceptable to both sides.
Middle East experts said the administra-
tion's stance, unless it is modified soon,
would damage Washington D.C.'s effort to
keep Arab nations in its coalition against
Osama bin Laden's al Qaida terrorist network.
Asked if the administration was repeating
its usual calls for Israeli restraint, Reeker
refused to even acknowledge the word. "What
we're saying is, we understand Israel is
responsible for their security, and that they
need to take the decisions regarding self-
defense."
At the same time, Fleischer and Reeker,
who read their answers from the same care-
fully prepared script, insisted that the admin-
istration had not given Sharon a "green
light" to destroy Yasser Arafat's Palestinian

Authority.
But Sharon, who met with President Bush
Sunday in Washington, D.C., left little doubt
that he believes he obtained Washington's
support for an escalation of military action,
not just against terrorist organizations such as
lamas and Islamic Jihad, but also against key
facilities of Arafat's authority.
Bush administration officials insist that
Arafat remains a potential partner for peace
talks with Israel. But they made it clear they
are fed up with his repeated failures to crack
down on anti-Israel terrorism.
Reeker said said Arafat not gnly must
arrest the perpetrators of the weekend terror-
ist attacks in the Israeli cities of Jerusalem
and Haifa but completely destroy the Hamas
and Islamic Jihad organizations.

TERROR
Continued from Page 1
not on terrorism but on Arafat and the
Palestinian Authority.
Sharon went on national television
jyesterday evening to hold Arafat
"directly responsible" for all attacks
against Israel, which were part of what
the prime minister called a concerted
crusade to destroy the Jewish state.
He branded Arafat a terrorist and "the
biggest obstacle to peace and stability in
the Middle East" in the past, the present
and most likely the future. And he indi-
cated he had received the blessing of
President Bush to fight terror with all
the means at Israel's disposal.
Palestinian officials said Sharon's
comments were bellicose. Arafat called
for an urgent meeting of the world's
largest Muslim body, the 56-nation
Organization of the Islamic Conference,
the Qatari news agency reported.
Among Israelis, there is a growing
clamor to topple Arafat. The Israeli
Cabinet went into emergency session
last night, following Sharon's speech,
to decide on the actions to take. Sever-
al ministers said beforehand that they
would advocate expelling Arafat.
But the Cabinet is divided on this
point, and ultimately Sharon's need to Israeli P
keep his broad coalition government minister
together probably will stop such a dras- war on t
tic move. Most analysts see attempting chance
to remove Arafat as impractical, if not The
impossible, and certainly counterpro- to repe
ductive. Shimon Peres, Israel's dovish Arafat's
foreign minister, is among those who ther unt
warn that the radical Islamic Hamas The
movement might be the force to rise to today
replace Arafat, sweeping away any Peres' L
the michigan daily

U.S., Canada plan to beef
up security along borders

DETROIT (AP) - The United States and Canada have
reached an agreement that is designed to keep terrorists out
of both countries and secure the flow of vital trade goods,
Attorney General John Ashcroft said yesterday.
"The United States and Canada have a very important
mutual mission and responsibility to undertake," Ashcroft
said at a news conference in Detroit.
The purpose of the agreement, which was to be signed
late yesterday in Ottawa, is to "keep our common border
secure and accessible," said Canadian Deputy Prime Minis-
ter Herbert Gray.
Elements of the program include:
Expanding integrated border enforcement teams.
Integrating Canadian officials into the U.S. foreign ter-
rorist tracking task force.
Tightening of the visa entry process and sharing of
information between Canadian and U.S. visa issuance offi-
cials.
Sharing intelligence on immigration and identity fraud.
"The people of Canada and the United States expect unit-
ed and cohesive effort between our two countries to protect
all our citizens," Ashcroft said.
"Good fences make good neighbors, and so good borders
make good neighbors," said Canadian Immigration Minister
Elinor Caplan.
After the news conference, Ashcroft, Gray, Caplan and
other officials viewed the border crossing at the Ambas-

sador Bridge between Detroit and Windsor, Ontario, before
departing for more meetings in Ottawa.
In Washington on Sunday, Ashcroft announced measures
to increase the federal presence along the border, seeking to
reduce economically daimaging bottlenecks while defending
U.S. security.
The border deployment will include an initial 419
National Guard troops to 43 land, sea and air ports of entry
in a dozen states, and patrols by military helicopters along
the 4,000-mile border, he said.
The National Guard soldiers are taking on the same kind
of jobs that other federal agents already perform, Ashcroft
said.
"It's not a militarization of the border or a fortification of
the border," he said.
Tightened security at the border since the Sept. 11 terror-
ist attacks has slowed the passage of auto parts and other
goods between the two nations. The United States and
Canada have the world's largest trade partnership, worth
about than $1.3 billion a day.
"Now more than ever, this prosperity relies on the
strengthening of our two countries' economic relationship,"
Gray said.
The two nations agreed in mid-November on Cabinet-
level cooperation to improve border security and speed the
flow of trade despite heightened security concerns after the
attacks.

AP PHORO
rime Minister Ariel Sharon speaks during an address to the nation at the prime
's office in Jerusalem yesterday. In the televised address, Sharon announced a
errorism and blamed Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat for anti-Israeli attacks.

for dialogue.
Israeli government's strategy is
atedly attack the symbols of
'leadership to weaken him fur-
il he loses power, analysts said.
Cabinet meeting ended early
in disarray. Ministers from
Labor Party walked out rather

than vote on the resolution that
declared the Palestinian Authority a
terror-supporting entity: Sharon's
spokesman, Raanan Gissin, said the
resolution effectively prohibits any
negotiations with the Palestinians,
including recently restarted security-
cooperation talks.

FBI
Continued from Page 1.
whether an attorney, senior member of
the Islamic community, translator or
police officer will be present.
"Ultimately the federal government
said the interviewee decides where this
occurs and who is present," Oates said.
It remains unclear what will happen
to anyone who refuses to participate in
an interview.
Ahmad, a University alum, said fed-
eral officials guaranteed community
members that questions would not be
asked concerning a person's immigra-
tion status.
Oates said interviews are not limited
to federal buildings or homes and can
be conducted in mosques if it makes
the subject more comfortable.
Arab and Muslim community repre-
sentatives requested that police be pre-
sent at the interviews because of their

rapport with the Ann Arbor communi-
ty, Oates said.
"I'm grateful to the Islamic commu-
nity for placing that kind of trust in my
officers," he said. "Under the circum-
stances, with the leadership of the
Islamic community asking that my
people participate, I'm going to have
them participate."
Ahmad said the cooperation of city
officials has been critical in resolving
community concerns.
"It has made a difference having
Oates facilitate the meeting," he said.
Oates said that although students
living on campus do not fall within his
jurisdiction, "based on the request by
Islamic leadership, if any of students
decided to participate the officers will
be present."
The University Department of Pub-
lic Safety announced last week its offi-
cers would not be participating in the
interviews.

The letter - sent to Middle Eastern
men ages 18 to 33 who have entered
the United States on student, business
or tourist visas since Jan. 2000 -
asked recipients to respond with their
decision by today, but the U.S. attor-
ney's office yesterday extended the
date to Dec. 10 to allow more time for
the recipients to seek counsel.
The FBI stresses that those who have
received a letter are not suspected of
committing terrorist activities and are
not under suspicion of criminal activity.
If people are unsure of how to pro-
ceed or are seeking council, Arab and
Muslim leaders will be offering legal
advice by phone and at the Mosque.
"We're going to try and inform them
of their rights," Ahmad said.
Recipients of the letter seeking
advice can call (734) 652-0345 to set
up an appointment with Arab and
Muslim leaders, lawyers or translators
to discuss their options.

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WRC
Continued from Page 1.
going on in the Kukdong factory, because we knew we had
your support."
The workers' struggle began Dec. 15, 2000, when they
staged a boycott of the factory cafeteria to protest the poor
condition of the food they were served. After the boycott,
leaders of the protest were fired and others were threatened.
In response, on Jan. 9 the workers began a strike that
brought work to a halt. They were subsequently attacked by
police.
"The riot police started kicking the workers and shoving
us around," Tepepa said. "There were people knocked
unconscious."
The police action ended the work stoppage, but Kukdong
management prevented many workers from returning to
work. Under pressure from Nike and Reebok, another com-
pany whose apparel is produced by the Kukdong factory,
most workers were eventually reinstated and allowed to
organize in a union independent of government control.

"Management knows that it can't yell at workers because
the workers have a union," Tepepa said.
Students Organizing for Labor and Economic Equality
successfully pressured University administration to use their
parinership with Nike to intervene in the dispute, said
SOLE member Jackie Bray, an LSA sophomore.
Bray said SOLE members "pushed the issue" by meeting
.with University officials to negotiate terms of a letter to
Nike, holding a protest in the president's office, and inform-
ing students about what was happening in Kukdong.
She attributed much of the gains made by student activists
to the Worker Rights Consortium, in which the University of
Michigan and many other universities are members. The
WRC investigated and reported on the abuses in Kukdong.
"What the WRC allows students to do is leverage power
over an entire industry," Bray said.
"It says to the skeptics: Yes, workers are powerful, yes,
students are powerful, and we are even more powerful
together," she said.
The presentation was sponsored by SOLE and the Uni-
versity's Committee on Labor Standards and Human Rights.

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ECONOMY
Continued from Page 1.
increased consumer activity after a
slow September."
University finance Prof. M.P.
Narayanan agreed that a sizeable
increase was foreseeable, based on the
abysmal numbers seen immediately
following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
"It's not surprising with the low-
interest rates and real estate holding,"
he said. "But it's not seasonally adjust-
ed, so I don't know what to think."
The Commerce Department also
announced yesterday that incomes
remained stagnant in October, a result
of numerous layoffs across the nation.
Russell noted that future prospects for
spending are not necessarily favorable.
"Retail sales are fairly sluggish and
people are reluctant to spend if their
job is on the line," Russell said.
Gains were seen in the area of man-
ufacturing. A survey by the National
Association of Purchasing Manage-

manufacturing activity declined in
November, but at a much slower rate
than expected, leading many to wonder
if this depressed industry, which repre-
sents one-sixth of the economy, may
be headed for a turnaround.
"We're not in a position to say manu-
facturing is out of the woods yet, but
this is always a good sign," Russell said.
Despite this upbeat report, investors
reacted negatively to two major events
abroad: the bombings in Israel and
Argentina's current financial crisis.
Curchin downplayed the Israel fac-
tor, stating, "This is considered a ran-
dom event to have no lasting effect (on
the markets)."
But Russell noted that prolonged
violence in the Middle East "is always
a worrisome issue."
Perhaps more serious is the econom-
ic turmoil in Argentina, where there is
a fear the nation may default on its
$132 billion debt. Yesterday the
Argentine government barred people
from withdrawing more than $250 in

attempt to prevent an economic disin-
tegration.
"This is never a good development,"
Russell said.
Finally, the official declaration of
bankruptcy by Houston-based Enron
Corp. hurt many financial firms. Once
the world's largest energy corporation,
Enron is now asking for over $1 bil-
lion in loans to stay afloat.
"As far as creditors go, the uncer-
tainty of exposure to the Enron deba-
cle will hurt many of the financial
stocks. But as banks begin to state
exactly what there exposure is, the
market will judge each relationship
fairly," Curchin said.
Both Curchin and Russell said that
they felt positive overall about the
economy.
"With financial patriotism, an
upcoming holiday season and zero
percent financing on autos, investors
and consumers are looking past the
current chaos and seeing a better
future in the next six to 12 months,"

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