2 - The Michigan Daily - Friday,_October 1, 1999 NATION WORLD EARTHQUAKE Continued from Page 1 the other, nudging the top plate upward. 'Yesterday s earthquake in Mexico was probably on a subduction fault as well. Preliminary reports indicated that it was a 7.4 or 7.5 on the Richter scale. The largest earthquakes. those with magnitude between 7 and 9 on the Richter scale, often occur on subduction faults. Subduction faults appear where an ocean meets a body of land. In these situations, the ocean plate slips under the land plate causing a quake. The Pacific Ocean has a rash of these faults. The islands of Japan are vulnerable. The western coast of the Americas are subduction faults, except for the San Andreas fault that runs the coast of California. South America's Pacific coast and the islands around New Zealand routinely experience quakes even larger than the recent newsiakers. But though they are of value to geologists, quakes centered on sparsely popu- lated islands have less impact on the world than quakes hitting densely populated centers, so they are less fre- quently reported, Ruff said. In addition to the clear-cut faults, there are seemingly random "hot-spots" where there is abundant seismic activity in the middle of a plate. The largest earthquakes to hit the contiguous United States in recorded history was a triplet of quakes that shook the area of New Madrid, Missouri in 1812. Ranging in magnitude from 8.4 to 8.7, the three quakes were completely isolated from any plate movement. [hi was a clasic.vl mpl. of an int rnle earth- quake, said geoloy Prot Ben A. v an der i luim. An ancient thult cracked undcr the strain of todav's plate movements. causin'g a serin'.in i eatihqude. Even though New MIiadrid h is beCn qui nt ince then. the possibility of another eThqu iak caln't b uled Out. said van der Plui-m. It is still considered actie. hut it could be decades befre any more moemrent. Intraplate earthquakes are not usually as severe as the New Madnd example. said geology Prof. Rob Van der Voo. They are also not as frequent as earthquakes that occur on plate boundaries. Ruf said a similar incident is not likely to happen in Michigan. Michigan experiences very little seismic activity, he said. The few quakes it feels are usually cen- tered in other states. Michiganders felt some shaking from an earthquake in the Cleveland area last year, but there was no structural damage anywhere in Michigan. Even if a large earthquake were to hit Missouri again. there would not be any serious damage in Michigan. Chimneys might crumble and trees might sway, but buildings would stay standing. The U.S. Geological Survey predicts that every year there will be 18 earthquakes of magnitude 6 to 7 and one of magnitude 8 or above. In terms of the number of quakes, 1999 is a normal year. But 1999 is above average in the number of quake- related deaths and the cost of damage. Three large earth- quakes have devastated three urban centers in the past six weeks. With a human population that recently topped 6 billion, van der Pluijm said, the probability that a seri- ous earthquake will strike a populated area is greater than it was even 10 years ago. Mexico's earthquake was roughly the same magni- tude as the one that shook Turkey. Turkey's claimed over 15.000 lives while five deaths have been reported so far in Mexico. One difference was that Turkey's quake struck in a densely populated area; Mexico's was cen- tered on the coast in a largely rural district. The fact that the earthquakes in Turkey and Taiwan happened in the pre-dawn hours when many people were asleep was also significant, said van der Pluijm. Early morning quakes give people little time to react, and toppling houses account for many deaths. Turkey's earthquake was about four times weaker than Taiwan's, yet more than eight times as deadly. While Taiwan's quake was centered in a less-populated area, shoddy building construction arguably played a role, Ruff said. With the booming global population, constructing new buildings quickly may compromise the strength of the buildings. Ruff said that the cost difference between normal buildings and earthquake-proof ones is not all that great. Stronger buildings help, said van der Pluijm, but they would not necessarily stand if a strong quake were to occur in close proximity. They might minimize damage, but they would not prevent it. The recent urban earthquakes do not mean the earth is going to come to an end in the next three months. But similar earthquakes will continue to rock the world in the next century, and as the population expands they will affect increasing numbers of people. AROUND THE NATION Bradley contributions top competitors Democrat Bill Bradley has raised more money in the last three months for his presidential campaign than Vice President Gore and has more of it left in the bank his campaign said yesterday, marking a dramatic shift in fund-raising momentum as Bradley has gone from long-shot challenger to serious threat. The increasingly pitched Democratic battle stands in sharp contrast to the GOP contest overwhelmingly dominated by Texas Gov. George W. Bush. Yste', Bush said he had collected $56 million this year and S19 million in the last t e months - more than the two Democrats combined. Even with a sharp increase in spending, Bush has stockpiled S37 million. A day after Gore announced he would move his operation to Tennessee. Bradley's team revealed surging fund-raising that enabled him to raise more than S6.7 million between July and the end of the third quarter yesterday, compared with Gore's S6.5 million. The former New Jersey senator also has "more than S10 million" in the bank, according to senior adviser Anita Dunn, while Gore's consultant-laden team esti- mated between S9.5 million and S0 million still on hand. A few months ago, Gore's advisers expected fund-raising to be one of his major assets in fending off an challenge from Bradley, confidently predicting that by thi*11 they would raise all the money they needed to spend in primaries next year. DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHERS WANTED WE'RE LOOKING FOR AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHERS WHO WANT TO TAKE LOTS OF PICTURES! s $25 FOR EVERY PHOTO THAT IS ACCEPTED AND OTHER GREAT INCENTIVES U DIGITAL CAMERA PROVIDED FOR NON-OWNERS FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT ANNA AT (734) 395-9905 OR VIA EMAIL TO ANNA (gLIGHTSURF. COM. I F Two oos hv isgu - Ih - lvs as r. w r.T77W;.77-TA77.7-,N7M . , 6 i&i,77]FIT-7-CiT4WJ17lT.dtlNr 7TI ® T i7tlF:1f 3trtl;i+! = "'Happy Texas is as g U god s tsbuz' "'Happy, Texas' keeps the laughs coming! William H. Macy, llleana Douglas and Jeremy Northam are first-rate. Dynamo Steve Zahn offers nonstop comic invention... a class act!. is FIJI Continued from Page 1 But IFC adviser John Mountz said that "they are working on an appeal." The fraternity now faces the possibil- ity of losing its seat on IFC, forgoing participation in social functions and a new pledge class. The future of Reddy's IFC presiden- tial term also is uncertain, since he is also a FIJI fraternity member, Mountz said, but added that the decision has not been made. The campus chapter failed to comply with only a few of the various new ini- tiatives, Baney said. The guidelines require that a gradu- ate trusteeship program be established, requiring graduated members to get involved with pledge and member edu- cation programs and coordinate chapter activities. Other guidelines included a risk management policy for conducting social activities; an alcohol-free house; participation in Interfraternity Council education programs; performing no less than 500 hours of community ser- vice as a chapter and participation in a leadership program at the FIJI academy. Three-ofthese requirements were not complied with, Banley said, including failure to attend the summer seminar at the FIJI Academy, failure to sign com- mitment papers and a feeling from graduate members that the chapter was not taking the guidelines seriously, Baney said. But Turner said that failure to attend the seminar is because "there was a communication gap." FIJI President Manna Kalhoun allegedly did not receive the letter because the fraternity headquarters did not have the proper forwarding address, Turner said. Fraternity members were also required to sign contracts stating their READ THE DAILY. RECYCLE THE DAILY. DAILY. commitment to upholding the stipula- tions, Baney said adding that the inter- national organization did not receive all of the required signatures by the Sept. 17 meeting. But Reddy and Turner denied that the members were not fully committed to the fraternity and the guidelines. The interview were conducted and the forms were distributed to the mem- bers Sept. 12 and 13 and the deadline for the forms was one week later, Sept. 20, Reddy said. But the forms were not returned until one week after the dead- line, he added. "But they didn't say that the absolute deadline was a week," Reddy said. "They said take your time, take a week, so we took two." In that two-week period fraternity members tried to address member con- cerns. FIJI members were slow to sign the commitment papers because they were unsure of how this contract would affect their lease agreements as well as having additional questions that needed to be answered, Turner said. As of last Monday, at a chapter meet- ing, all but one of the commitment papers were signed by in-house mem- bers. In respect to out-of-house members, not all have receive the forms and there were scheduling conflicts with the interviews, Turner said. But Reddy added that in terms of the commitment papers members were "primarily concerned with live-in members." Baney expressed concern that senior and live-out members had not signed the forms even though they are less active. Graduate members were also con- cerned that the review process and the graduate trusteeship program was not being taken seriously, Baney said. THEATER Continued from Page 1 Dolby Digital Surround Sound and will add DTS by the end of the month for the revival of the Beatles' "Yellow Submarine." Additionally, the new screening room has much more leg room than the historic theater. Collins said that though they considered putting in the popular stadium seating, they opted to go with off-setting seats so people can see the screen instead of the back of someone's head. The look of the theater itself is unique too. As Frost described the room, there's an "outdoor feeling in here," referring to the cityscape and twilight backdrop on top of the walls in the theater. The collage depicts historic Ann Arbor movie theaters and perfor- mance theaters, going back to the 1908 Star Theater riot, during which students destroyed the "nickelodeon.' Complementing the screening room itself, a lot of work has been done on the addition housing the theater. To prevent sound bleeding from one theater to the other, the historic audi- torium and the screening room don't directly touch. Instead, a corridor leading to the screening room sits between them and will house the Ford Gallery of Ann Arbor Founders. The Gallery will be made up of 26 plaques depicting the founding of Ann Arbor, going back to glaciers carving out the area and will go up to around the 1950s. Work has not yet started on the Gallery, which is now one brick wall and one wall painted yellow. The Gallery will be complemented by solid-colored banners hanging from the ceiling. The Gallery is not the only aspect of the new addition that isn't finished. Mars crash result of simple math error NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter was lost in space last week because engi- neers failed to make a simple conver- sion from English units to metric, an embarrassing lapse that sent the $125 million craft fatally close to the Martian surface, investigators said yes- terday. Officials are scrambling to deter- mine whether a similar error is buried in the computer files of two other spacecraft currently cruising through space: the Mars Polar Lander, sched- uled to hit the Martian surface on Dec. 3, and the Stardust craft bound for a comet. It now appears the error had affected the orbiter mission from its launching almost 10 months and 416 million miles before its Sept. 23 failure. Yet the problem was never caught by the sys- tem of checks and balances at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, which manages this and numerous other interplanetary missions for NASA. As a result, flight controllers believe the spacecraft plowed into the Martian atmosphere, where the stresses crippled it, aborted its insertion into Martian orbit and most likely left it hurtling on through space in an orbit around the sun. Cimton promises veto of GOP plan WASHINGTON - Dozens of dis- putes left most congressional spend- ing bills unfinished as fiscal 1999 turned to 2000. President Clinton promised to veto a Republicanplan to save money by slowing income-sup- port payments to millions of workm- poor families. "Let me be clear: I will not sign a bill that turns its back on these hardwork- ing families," Clinton said yesterday at the White House. "They're doing all they can to lift themselves out of poverty, to raise their children with dignity. I don't think we should be putting more roadblocks in their way.: AROUND THE WORLD 7 - \ , , Russia sends ground troops to Chechnya MOSCOW - Russian troops launched a major ground offensive into the separatist southern region of Chechnya yesterday with the apparent aim of creating a buffe zone to block infiltration of Chechen guerrillas into neighboring parts of Russia, according to Russian and Chechen officials. It was Moscow's most powerful mil- itary operation against Chechen guer- rilla forces since 1996, when the Chechens forced Russian troops to withdraw from the region in disorder and defeat after a brutal three-year con- flict that left the rugged Caucasus terri- tory virtually independent of Moscow. Russian leaders threw a blanket of secrecy over the new offensive, but Prime Minister Vladimir Putin hinted strongly that it had begun, adding that Russian troops in fact had been fight- ing just inside the Chechen border for two weeks. "Military operations are already underway in Chechnya; Chechnya i~ Russian territory, and our troops' can move anywhere," he declared. The chair of parliament's Defense Committee, Roman Popkovich, that "certain essential villages re being taken; certain operational space is needed to rule out ... counterat- tacks." Quake kills 11 in Southern Mexico MEXICO CITY - A powerful earthquake rattled Mexico office towers and damaged hundreds of adobe houses in the Pacific Coasi state of Oaxaca yesterday, leaving al least 11 people dead across southerr Mexico. Damage from the quake, which reg- istered a magnitude of 7.5, was noi widespread. But the tremors sent hun- dreds of thousands of frightened peopk into the streets of cities and villages. - Compiled from Daily wire re s MIRAMAX EIMS P sm msoat it ns MARKri ETERTAINMET AILLSLEY/SIONE PRODUCTO AiI mByMARK1 ILLSLEY 'HAPPYTEXAS' JEREMY NORTHAM STEVE ZAHN ALLY WALKER ILLEANA DOUGLAS ti&WILLIAM H. MAC tAi h(0s l tsowf ES:GJULIA S(HKLAIR miESiPiRisossEMILY KAYE& ALEX PASAVAS mum ETER HARRIS WDli flutDsImEMAURIN StARLATA riuiipIRMAN RU(KLEY IDiR ouo om ilRU(E DOUGLAS iJOHNSO R I iPiiOu(RJASDIR (LARK( (ia omciRGWIM S. GAINOR PRDOAYMARKILISLEY RICKMONTGOMERY ED STOlNE MwRuunED STONE MAPK I[LSEY PHIL REEVES iAEaE iOmMARK ILLSLEY SOw w wDTRA( 1 E LY AVAILABLEx - www.happytexas.+com The Michigan Daily (ISSN 0745-967) is published Monday through Friday during the fall and winter terms by students at the University of Michigan. Subscriptions for fail term. starting in September, via U.S. mail are $100. Winter term (January through April) is $105, yearlong (September through April) is $180. On-campus subscriptions for fall term are $35. Subscriptions must be prepaid. The Michigan Daily is a member of the Associated Press and the Associated Collegiate Press. ADDRESS: The Michigan Daily, 420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1327. PHONE NUMBERS (All area code 734): News 76-DAILY: Arts 763-0379: Sports 647-3336; Opinion 764-05 Circulation 764-0558; classified advertising 764-0557; Display advertising 764-0554; Billing 764-0550. E-mail letters to the editor to daily.letters@umich.edu. World Wide Web: http://www.michigandaiy.com. NEWS Jennifer Yachnin, Managing Editor EDITORS: Nikita Easley, Katie Plona, Mike Spahn, Jaimie Winkler. STAFF: Lindsey Alpert, Jeannie Baumann, Risa Berrin. Marta Bril, Nick Bunkley. Anna Clark. Adam Brian Cohen, Gerard Cohen-Vrignaud. Shabnam Daneshvar, Sana Danish, Dave Enders, Lauren Gibbs, Anand Giridharadas. Robert Gold, Jewel Gopwani, Michael Grass, Jodie Kaufman, Jody Simone Kay. Yael Kohen, Dan Krauth, Sarah Lewis, Kevin Magnuson. Caitlin Nish, Kelly O'Connor, Jeremy W. Peters, Asma Rafeep, Doug Rett, Nika Schulte, Caliie Scott, Emina Sendijarevic, Jennifer Sterling, Samantha Walsh. CALENDAR: Adam Zuwerink. EDITORIAL Jeffrey Kosseff, David Wallace, Editors ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Emily Achenbaum, Nick Woomer. EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Ryan DePietro. STAFF: Chip Cullen. Jason Fink, Seth Fisher, Lea Frost, Jenna Greditor, Scott Hunter, Thomas Kujurgis. Mike Lopez, George Malik Steve Rosenberg. Sranden Sanz, Kily Scheer, Jack Schillaci, Jennifer Strausz, Paul Wong. SPORTS Rick Freemlan, Managing Editor EDITORS: T J. Berka, Chris Duprey, Josh Kleinbaum, Andy Latack. STAFF: Emily Achenbaum, David Den Herder. Dan Dingerson, Jason Emeott, Mark Francescutti, Geoff Gagnon, Raphael Goodstein. Arun Gopal. Chris Grandstaff, Michael Kern. Ryan C. Moloney, David Mosse, Stephanie Offen, Stephen A. Rom, Kevin Rosenfield, Tracy Sandier, Michael Shafrir, Nita Srivastava, Uma Subramanian, Jacob Wheeler, Jon Zemke ARTS curistopauer Cousino, Jessica Eaton, Editors WEEKEND, ETC. EDITORS: Jeff Druchniak. Nicole Pearl. Toyin Akinmusuru SUBEDITORS: Gabe Fajuri Musc", Jenni Glenn (Fine/Ceforming Arts Caitlin Hail (TV/New Medial Gina Hamadey Books Ed Sholnsky ( rilmi STAFF: Matthew Barrett. Jason Birchmeier, Alisa Claeys, Cortnney Dueweke, Brian Egan, Steven Gertz, Jewel Gopwani, Chris Kula, Ern Podolsky. Aaron Rich. Adlin Rosli. Chris Tkaczyk, Jonah Victor, Ted Watts, John Uhl. Curtis Zimmerman. PHOTO Louis Brown, Dana Linnane, Editors ASSOCIATE EDITOR: David Rochkind ARTS EDITOR: Jessica Johnson STAFF: Allison Cantor, Sam Hollenshem, Ohani Jones, Marjorie Marshall, Jeremy Menchik. Joanna Paine. Sara Schenk. Michelle Swemis, Krit Yogachi. ONLINE Satadru Pramanik, Managing Editor EDITORS: Toyin Akimnusuru. Rachel Berger, Paul Wong r STAFF: Amy Amen, Angela Cummings. Dana Goldberg. James Schiff. Peter Zhou. DESIGNER: Seth Benson rtAFlifLJCS STAFF- Alx Hoge. a a II 11