NATION/WORLD

The Michigan Daily - Monday, December 6, 1999 - 7A

orrelates of 14
PROJECT
Continued from Page 1A
Jonathan Canedo said.
"The purpose of the project is to develop theo-
retical models and test out different theories,"
Singer said.
The project's data sets are used by political sci-
tists across the nation.
"The data sets ... are widely used in the study of
international conflict," said Kenneth Schultz, assis-
tant professor of politics and international affairs
at Princeton University. "I use them on a regular
basis."
"Most of the important research on the quantita-
tive study of international conflict ... rely on the
Correlates of War project," Schultz said, adding that
the COW project is widely used because "it encom-
passes a large number of different data sets."
At the project's onset, it was a new approach to
cial science research and was not widely accepted
'Wong researchers. The result was widespread oppo-
stion to the project among political scientists.
;The COW project was seen as troublesome
brcause many traditional political scientists
btlieved that quantitative social science techniques
%4ere being used in a field where they didn't
belong, Small said.
"It challenged conventional wisdom," Singer said.
He went on to say that "this kind of research is
always suspect" in many scientists eyes.
*Small was brought in at the project's inception,
as a graduate student at the University, for his

far project influences analysis

expertise in diplomatic history. The project relies
heavily on historical data, Small said.
Small remained with the project, and played an
integral part in its development, until 10 years ago.
But Small is not the only
researcher to have worked on
the project, at least 25 of the
projects researchers have gone
on to become world-renown
political scientists, Small said.
When joining the project ear-
lier this year, LSA sophomore
Alex Gomez said that he was
primarily interested in the
empirical research aspect of the
Singer project. By working on the pro-
ject and learning to conduct empirical research he
has learned "to understand things more critically," he
said.
Researchers, which consist of both undergradu-
ate and graduate students, develop research ques-
tions and design research methods to follow
through with their hypothesis.
Each researcher is assigned to a different
research question. Gomez is working on "The
Alliance Institutionalization Project."
Gomez's section of the project is dedicated to
"studying if military international organizations
are less war prone than alliances that are not orga-
nizations," he said.
LSA sophomore Michael Gerard said he came to
the project because of his interest in world politics
and international security affairs.

Gerard is working on "International Security
Guarantees." This research seeks to explain the role
of alliances, military bases, military provisions in
conflict deterrence, restraint and insurance.
Members of the COW project meet weekly to
discuss current research projects and trends in the
political science world.
Researchers also share the information from
their projects including problems they face and get
advice on better or alternative research methods.
"It's better than any class that I've taken or going
to take," Gomez said.
Although the Singer's COW project has become
important development in political science
research it had a tumultuous beginning.
Getting a job at the University and finding an
avenue to begin his research was "an interesting
journey," he said.
In 1958, Singer began his professorship in the
University's political science department but was fired
a year later because then-department Chair James
Pollack's views conflicted with Singer. Singer
described Pollack as a "right winger" and claimed he
viewed Singer as "pro-communist."
Following his dismissal from the University,
Singer taught at the Naval War College. The
University psychiatry department invited him back
to the University in 1959, and he remained in the
department for 22 years.
In effect, it was through the psychiatry'depart-
ment and the Center for Research on Conflict
Resolution, that Singer received the funding for the
COW project.

NASA hoping for
signal from probe.

PASADENA, Calif. (AP) - For a
straight third day, NASA's Deep Space
Network antennas listened in vain yes-
terday for a signal from the Mars Polar
Lander.
NASA officials said that a communi-
cations window opened at 10:50 a.m.
PST and closed 10 minutes later with-
out any apparent transmission from the
surface of the Red Planet.
Mission commentator David Seidel
at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory said
analysis of the data was continuing, but
there appeared not to have been any
linkup with the lander.
The lander, if working properly, was
supposed to have switched radios to
relay a signal through NASA's orbiting
Mars Global Surveyor. But the map-
ping spacecraft only sent its own data
and none from the lander.
Yesterday's only other communica-
tions opportunity, using the original
radio, was scheduled for 9:40 p.m. PST
to 11:55 p.m. PST. Lack of any signals
since shortly before Friday's scheduled
landing left mission officials with hope

only that the little craft survived the
touchdown and, on its own, was taking
steps to establish contact.
Failure of the S165 million Mars
Polar Lander would be a double blow to
NASA's JPL, still smarting from the
September loss of its sibling spacecraft
the Mars Climate Orbiter.
Richard Cook, the spacecraft opera.
tions manager, acknowledged late
Saturday after a second day of silence
that there was less confidence, but he
said there were many things that could
be tried to get a signal.
The lander was supposed to have sig-
naled immediately after Friday after-
noon's touchdown about 500 miles
from the Martian south pole. Two tiny
probes designed to fall separately from
orbit and plunge into the surface also
failed to send signals.
Controllers continued to operate on
the assumption that the landing was
successful because the spacecraft was
in excellent condition just prior to entry
and analysis showed its trajectory was
good.


Princeton to cancel
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By Dana Pastemak
The Daily Princetonian
PRINCETON, N.J. (U-WIRE) -
This winter, as flurries of snow tease
Princeton's Holder Courtyard and tem-
peratures drop precipitously, the Nude
Olympics is again a hot topic of discus-
sion, prompting administrators to
review their enforcement strategies.
Last April, Princeton University's
Board of Trustees endorsed the prohibi-
tion of the event and supported a one-
year suspension for future participants;
yet some students are. still finding it dif-
ficult to let the 25-year-old tradition die.
In the past few months, sophomore
class representatives have worked in con-
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Janina Montero and assistant Dean of
Undergraduate Students Thomas Dunne
to plan an alternative to the Nude
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Despite these efforts, some sopho-
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of continuing the event, according to
sophomore class President Ben Shopsin.
"I've heard from a few people that
their friends want them to run and
I've heard that people are thinking
about it," Shopsin said. "Everyone
feels like there's a lot of pressure for
someone to run." -
Nevertheless, members of the admin-
istration have not wavered in theit
assertion that any such activity will
result in a one-year suspension.

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Apply in person at UM League #40, 911 N
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The Michigan Doily will not be published from
Dec. 14 - Jon. 4, therefore The Clossifieds will
hove the following e9fdydadioes:


line o d Don
corn wedy od Jon 3
*yedcopy od ()ec. 3

c orrIn r n 4
sped copy od. Dec. 13

AFTERNOON CHILDCARE Near campus
next term. Flex. days 4t times. 741-9886.
CAREGIVER NEEDED FOR our 6 mo.
old son in our Burns Park home. Mon., Wed.,
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CHILDCARE NEEDED in my Plymouth
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INFANT CARE NEEDED in Ann Arbor
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Payment for participation is $300. For more
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