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%4uslim leader becomes new Indonesian president
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JAKARTA, Indonesia E ecto
{AI'} - A revered but i aiz,, t1 J
frail Islamic party leader
won the first open presidential election in Indonesia's
troubled history yesterday, defeating the popular
aughter of the country's founding father and setting
ff a wave of violent protests by her disillusioned sup-
porters.
Abdurrahman Wahid comes to power as Indonesia
grapples with its worst economic crisis in 30 years and
continuing communal and separatist violence across
this ethnically diverse archipelago of210 million peo-
ple. His election gives Islam unprecedented influence
in the world's largest Muslim nation.
In the wake of the vote, gunshots rang throughout
the capital, Jakarta.
About 10,000 supporters of Wahid's rival,
egawati Sukarnoputri, tried to march on Parliament,
hrowing rocks and gasoline boipbs at police who
stopped them with tear gas and warning shots. The
clashes continued into the night before protesters
drifted away.
Gangs also roamed some streets and tried to hijack
cars. At least one man was killed when a car exploded,
injuring 18. A separate homemade bomb, hidden in a
flower pot, injured five people at the city's main traffic
circle. A third bomb went off harmlessly in a street after
Jakarta's huge convention center was set on fire.
n spurs violent
Inside the heavily guarded Parliament, Wahid -
who has suffered two strokes, is nearly blind and can
barely walk - was supported by two aides as he shuf-
fled to a podium to make his inaugural speech calling
for national unity.
Although Wahid heads Indonesia's largest Muslim
organization, he has long supported cooperation
among faiths and continuing the separation between
religion and government. Wahid, better known by his
nickname, Gus Dur, is regarded as a voice of tolerance
and democratic reform.
"It will be a heavy task to create a peaceful and
prosperous society in the future," Wahid said in his
first speech as president.
Until yesterday, Megawati, the daughter of
Indonesia's first president, had been regarded as the
presidential frontrunner. Her Indonesian Democratic
Party for Struggle won 34 percent of the vote in June
elections, more than any other party. Wahid's National
Awakening Party won only 12 percent.
Megawati's candidacy failed because some conser-
vative Muslims rejected the idea of a female president
and others claimed she lacked the vision and political
savvy to build alliances with rivals. Initially, Wahid
supported her campaign but later decided to go it
deb
at s alone after the two fell
out over strategy.
During the vote,
of Megawati's hopeful supporters clogged
s. The mood turned dark with news of her
me cried; others resorted to violence.
cople wanted Mega. Now there must be a A ---
, said one supporter, who identified him- f'
as Ita.
shington, President Clinton welcomed
's presidential selection and the decision to end
:entury of rule in East Timor, where a multi-
>rce is trying to restore order after paramilitary
it on a spree of burning, looting and intimida-
ghout the terntory last month.
vents of the last two days should give us all'
a very great country that the world needs
h is on the way back, and that's what I'm
IlI happen," Clinton said yesterday. , _.
/ahid sworn in as Indonesia's fourth head of - -
4 years of independence, the focus turned to . .
assembly will choose Thursday as vice ;
Officials in Wahid's party say he may well
;awati the vice presidency, a crucial post if . <
e to fulfill his term.
r possible choice is AkbarTanjung, leader ofAPO
Golkar Party, who reportedly made a deal to Supporters of defeated Presidential candidate Megawati Sukamoputri tend to their
/ahid's presidential bid. badly-injured colleague yesterday during a bomb explosion in Jakarta.
Aibright lectures Nigerians
on need to curb corruption
v
ABUJA, Nigeria (AP)- Lecturing her hosts, Secretary of
State Madeleine Albright warned yesterday that African
nations cannot achieve their economic potential until they
overcome crime and corruption by "those who consider pub-
lic office a license to steal."
She praised Nigeria's new civilian leader, but said the tran-
sition from military rule will not be complete until civilians
are firmly in charge.
Speaking to a gathering at the headquarters of a 14-nation
West Africa economic group known informally as ECOWAS,
Albright pledged the United States would do what it could on
a number of fronts for Africa - trade, debt forgiveness,
democratic development and the fight against AIDS. But, she
said, private sector investment must be the "engine of long-
term growth across Africa."
"And if domestic investment is to be profitable and foreign
investment attractive, the battle against crime and corruption
must be won," she said.
"Too many of Africa's resources are being squandered, and
its peace shattered, by the criminal and corrupt - by dia-
mond runners, drug peddlers and those who consider public
office a license to steal' Albright said.
Albright, on the fourth leg of a six-nation Africa tour,
came to Nigeria to welcome the reinstatement of democ-
racy last spring after 1 5 years of dictatorship in a country
largely ruled by the gun since independence in 1960.
She said she saw the transition away from military rule
as a transcendental event, on a par with the end of com-
munism in her native Czechoslovakia a decade ago and of
the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994.
Albright offered praise for president Olesegun
Obasanjo, who took office five months ago, but she said
the transition to democracy will not be complete unless
civilian supremacy is consolidated and repressive laws
are repealed.
Despite Nigeria's rich oil reserves and profits, which have
been squandered by past leaders, the average person lives on
about S2.60 a day.
'U' urged to join workers' consortium
AP PHOTO
Maurice Papon, center, said he has gone into exile rather than turn himself in to French authorities. Papon was
convicted of crimes against humanity for his role in the deportation of 1,590 Jews during World War 11.
'Form~~~10er Vih fica le
Holocaust victims
angered when Maurice
Papon leaves France to
avoid being jailed
PARIS (AP) - Defying French
justice and angering Holocaust vic-
tims, former Vichy official Maurice
Papon has fled the country to avoid
being s jailed for his complicity in
deporting 1,590 Jews to Nazi death
camps during World War II.
Authorities ordered an internation-
al arrest warrant to track down Papon,
whose six-month trial opened old
wounds about French collaboration
with the Nazis and whose flight was
certain to raise questions about the
nation's determination to confront its
role in the Holocaust.
The 89-year-old Papon, the high-
est-ranking member of the pro-Nazi
Vichy regime to be convicted for
complicity in crimes against humani-
ty, maintained in a statement yester-
day that he had chosen exile to uphold
his honor.-
The former deputy prefect of
Bordeaux disappeared on the eve of
his appeals hearing, which was sched-
uled for today.
Under French law, he was required
to report to jail on the eve of the hear-
ing and his failure to appear would
mean automatic rejection of his
appeal.
He spent three days in jail at the
start of his trial in October 1997, but
a Bordeaux court then released him
for health reasons during the trial and
appeals period.
Papon, who was sentenced to 10
years in jail, did not say where he was
going.
His lawyer, Jean-Marc Varaut, told
The Associated Press that his client
might be in the British Channel
Islands of Jersey or Guernsey. The
lack of border controls among EU
countries would have made it easy for
Papon to leave the country.
His disappearance was a major
embarrassment to French officials
who did not place controls on Papon's
movements after his April 1998 con-
viction for his role in deporting 1,590
Jews from Bordeaux to Drancy, the
squalid French transit camp that was
the antechamber to Auschwitz.
Paporn was absolved of guilt in their
deaths at Auschwitz after the jury
appeared to accept his defense that
while he knew the deportees would
meet a cruel fate, he was unaware of
the Nazis' systematic extermination
of Jews.
"If Maurice Papon had been an
ordinary thief or rapist, authorities
would have taken away his passport,
at the very least," said civil party
lawyer Arno Klarsfeld, adding that he
may press charges against Bordeaux
magistrates who allowed Papon to
remain free throughout his trial.
SWVEATSHOP
Continued from Page 1A
wrong when women your age are locked
in factories producing apparel for your
university," he said.
After protests and rallies on hundreds
of college campuses, plus sit-in demon-
strations at Duke UniversityGeorgetown
University, the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of
Wisconsin at Madison, the University of
Arizona and at the University of
Michigan, Kernaghan said corporations
are fearing the student movement.
"The one thing companies are count-
ing on is that you are going to graduate
and not be around in two years,"
Kernaghan said, adding that since the
student movement is growing on col-
lege campuses and in high schools, the
pressure is not going away.
Kernaghan urged the University
administration to endorse the Workers
Rights Consortium, a labor code devel-
oped in part by United Students Against
Sweatshops.
Members of USAS and the NLC
released the WRC on Tuesday in New
York.
The policy is an alternative to a code
from the Fair Labor Association, a
White House-sponsored coalition of
corporations and human rights groups.
USAS organizer Eric Brakken said
the FLA has fundamental flaws that
instead of helping to end sweatshop
labor, help to hide it.
"Corporations get to choose who gets
to monitor the factories, chooses when
inspections will e done ... and the
information is not made public,"
Brakken said.
Brakken said the WRC is a vehicle to
create change in the apparel industry.
Under the WRC, local human rights
groups conduct factory monitoring,
whereas, under the FLA, corporate
auditors conduct factory monitoring..
"Instead of keeping the veils of
secrets and solidifying the sweatshop
industry, (the WRC)is designed to open
this industry up and tear down the
walls," Brakken said.
On Monday, Brown University
became the first school to sign on to the
WRC.
Since 30 members of SOLE stormed
and occupied the office of University of
Michigan President Lee Bollinger in
March, demanding the administration
take a stronger stance against sweat-
shop labor in the apparel industry, the
University^ has not committed to the
FLA or any other labor code.
Public Policy Prof. John Chamberlin,
chair of the University's Anti-
Sweatshop Advisory Committee, said
he does not want the committee to be
too quick to make a decision and that
careful study is needed before commit-
ting to the FLA, the WRC or any other
code.
"I don't want to rush into anything,'
Chamberlin said Tuesday.
Brakken urged the University to
endorse the WRC.
"You have a chance to be one of the
first campuses in the nation to break
down this corporate veil of secrecy," he
said.
LSA first-year student David
Lempert said the workers' testimony
brings the reality of sweatshops from
the factory to campus.
"You can talk about all of this in the-
ory ... they really bring the message
home;" he said.
Afterwards, SOLE members led the
audience to the Fleming Administration
Building to write chalk messages on
and around the building.
"We need to make sure that the
administration knows that we are still
here on campus,' said SOLE member
Rachel Edelman, an LSA senior.
VELTMAN
Bontinued from Page 1A
He is scheduled to give a lecture
titled, "Understanding Particles"
tomorrow at 3 p.m. in Room 1800 of
the Chemistry Building.
The lecture will explain particle
physics in layman's terms, a subject
Veltman said is very important to him.
He said that along with the book he has
been writing, he also hopes to make
this complicated subject accessible to
veryone. "It's important, but nobody
ows what we do' Veltman said.
Since receiving the Nobel Prize,
Veltman joked that "he had more
friends than he had ever realized.
"I have received numerous telephone
calls and flowers - they barely fit in
the house. The publicity value is out of
this world," he said.
The Queen of Holland bestowed
onto Veltman the title of commander in
.ie order of the Dutch lion. He
explained that this is a nominal stature
only.
As part of his week visiting the cam-
pus, Veltman will get a chance to stand
in front of 110,000 Michigan football
fans Saturday when Michigan takes on
Illinois. He will be on the field in