The Michigan Daily - Thursday, October 15, 1998 - 5A
I
Kosovo
deal draws
sketic1sm
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - NATO warned
yesterday that Slobodan Milosevic isn't doing what*
he must to avoid airstrikes and ethnic Albanian
refugees remained reluctant to return to their
charred homes as skepticism replaced relief over
the Kosovo agreement.
Even as the U.N. refugee agency resumed aid
convoys to Kosovo, questions remained over
whether the Yugoslav president would meet interna-
tional demands and refrain from further hostilities
toward ethnic Albanians.
Demonstrating that it's not taking him at his
word, NATO positioned warplanes at bases in Italy
for possible air attacks on Serbia.
"NATO airstrikes have not yet been averted by
Milosevic," said an official at the alliance's head-
quarters in Brussels, Belgium, speaking on condi-
tion of anonymity.
"We'll be keeping up the military pressure for
some time to come."
Milosevic reluctantly agreed Monday to the
demands of world leaders determined to halt his
seven-month offensive against ethnic Albanian sep-
aratists in Kosovo and avert a tragedy among tens of
thousands of refugees living outdoors as winter
approaches.
The 16 NATO members have given Milosevic
until Saturday to fully comply or face the renewed
threat of airstrikes.
But even before an agreed-to 2,000-member
unarmed monitoring force is assembled, it is clear
Milosevic has not met at least one key demand:
withdrawing his forces to levels before the crack-
down on the southern Serb province began Feb. 28.
The official in Brussels said a number of
Yugoslav units remain dug-in Kosovo and must be
withdrawn, including what he called a "notorious"
special police unit from Nis, Serbia. He declined to
say how many troops remained in the province but
said they "far exceed" the level required by NATO.
Econ. scholar
wins Nobel prize
NEW YORK (AP) - Amartya Sen,
who saw the effects of starvation first-
hand as a child in his native India, won
the Nobel Prize in economics yester-
day for his work on how famines
unfold and how to take the poor into
account in calculating a nation's
wealth.
Sen, a master at Britain's Trinity
College in Cambridge, was honored by
the Royal Swedish Academy of
Sciences for his contributions to what
is known as welfare economics. His
work looks at such factors as income
distribution and health in measuring
poverty.
"I was surprised and quite pleased
when I got the call," Sen said in New
York. "But I was even more pleased
when they told me the subject matter
was welfare economics, a field I have
long been very involved in. I am
pleased that they gave recognition to
that subject."
In his best-known work, the 1981
book "Poverty and Famines: An Essay
on Entitlement and Deprivation," Sen
challenged the view that famine is
caused solely or primarily by a short-
age of food. He wrote that famines
sometimes result from distribution
problems - like the ones many
African nations experienced in the late
1980s and early 1990s - and simple
economics.
"Famines can occur even when the
food supply is high but people can't
buy the food because they don't have
the money," he said.
In the 1974 Bangladesh famine, for
example, he said flooding significant-
ly raised food prices, while jobs for
agricultural workers declined. Because
of this, the real incomes of agricultur-
al workers declined so much that they
were disproportionately stricken by
starvation.
Sen became interested in the
dynamics of famine in part by his own
experience during India's famine in
1943, when he 9 was years old.
The former Harvard professor has
also said economists must look beyond
gross national product when studying
a nation's wealth because GNP "over-
looks the fact that many people are ter-
ribly poor."
Sen developed alternative indexes
that also include factors such as
income distribution. "We have to pay
attention to the downside of what's
happening and not just the average,
majority position," he said.
Economists agreed that the field has
long been overlooked and that the
usual indicators of a nation's well-
being are not enough.
"Just looking at GNP or GNP
growth for a country like India might
not be a very good way to say, 'Is the
development plan of the country really
helping people?"' said Jerry Hausman,
economics professor at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Joseph Duncan, a former govern-
ment economist and current chief eco-
nomic adviser to Dun & Bradstreet
Corp., said Sen's choice was an inter-
esting contrast to last year's winners,
Americans Robert Merton and Myron
Scholes, whose work generally bene-
fited the rich.
The Americans were honored for
their work on valuing risky investment
known as derivatives. But they came
under a cloud last month after the
near-collapse of a giant hedge fund in
which they were partners.
The Nobel Prizes were established
in the will of Alfred Nobel, the
Swedish industrialist and inventor of
dynamite. The final Nobel to be given
this year - the peace prize - will be
awarded tomorrow.
AP PHOTO
Kosovo Liberation Army fighters, who asked that their whereabouts not be revealed, walk down a road in
central Kosovo yesterday. The KLA declared a cease-fire last week. Recent Serb offensives against KLA
fighters caused thousands of civilians to flee into the hills, causing NATO to threaten airstrikes.
State Department spokesperson James Rubin
said Western monitoring teams reported a much
smaller Serb police presence in Kosovo yesterday,
as well as signs of refugees returning.
But he called the early assessment of Milosevic's
compliance "a mixed bag" and said a full monitor-
ing force is needed to ensure that police aren't just
being moved around or hidden.
The key to success "is whether we will have the
verification system that will give the people of
Kosovo confidence that this isn't a shell game, that
this isn't hide the police ... one day and come back
in the next day," Rubin said in Washington.
The advance party of monitors - Milosevic's
final concession after more than a week of intense
negotiations with U.S. envoy Richard Holbrooke -
arrived in Kosovo from neighboring Macedonia
yesterday. The several dozen Americans, Canadians
and Europeans had been evacuated Monday.
But the Organization for Security and Cooperation
in Europe, which is responsible for assembling the
monitoring mission, says it may take weeks to recruit
enough personnel from its 54 member nations.
"I'm worried that the international community
will be too slow and leisurely in getting them there,
and they'll take six months to get there, when we
need them there in six days or at least six weeks,"
Holbrooke said in an interview with CNN.
'HOUSI NG
Continued from Page 1A
they've resumed their search.
While Grund said she would advise
students to secure leases immediately,
other students said this approach can
present problems too.
During her sophomore year, LSA
senior Lauren Baker found an apart-
ment she thought she wanted to live in
e following fall.
She chose a roommate, put down a
deposit to hold the space and signed
something the landlords called a tenta-
tive agreement, but not a lease. When
the girls decided they no longer wanted
the apartment, the landlord made them
pay the first month's rent, she said.
Baker said "they blatantly manipu-
lated me. They did, and they know it."
The hunt for housing concerns most
J niversity students, and the rush to
get the best location causes complica-
tions.
Ann Williams, office manager at
Old Town Realty, attributes the frenzy
to the overall competitive atmosphere
on campus.
She said that if students don't start
looking early, they think they're miss-
ing out. She said she thinks students
don't look hard enough, and are often
disappointed when they can't find a
house that satisfies them.
"Look around carefully," Williams
advised students searching for housing.
Williams warned that students
should not panic when searching for a
house, but also should not hesitate if
they find something they like.
Nicholas Roumel, who has worked
as an attorney at Student Legal
Services for eight years, advises stu-
dents to investigate their landlords
prior to signing a lease.
Student Legal Services, the Ann
Arbor Tenants' Union and the City
Housing Inspectors, as well as former
tenants, can help with this task.
"Document everything, put all con-
cerns to your landlord in writing,"
Roumel said. "Keep copies of every-
thing, keep a log, and act timely."
Students can get information on
rental issues from the University's
Housing Information Office. Their list
of off-campus housing includes only
properties of registered landlords,
which means the landlords have
agreed that problems with tenants will
be settled through mediation.
"We have more recourse to follow
up with them because they've already
made a commitment with us," Housing
Adviser Amy Starr said. She said she
encourages students to be vocal about
their concerns and to call the Housing
office with any questions.
"I want to help them avoid hassles,
Starr said.
Starr attributes the race for housing
to the "isolated desirable area" of
housing that closely surrounds central
campus. She said she believes it is
"purely word-of-mouth panic," and
students should not feel rushed to sign
anything.
Before signing a lease, Starr sug-
gested, students should wait at least
overnight and should see the space a
second time.
Starr said common problems students
face include roommates who back out
of leases and misconceptions that
attractive furnishings in the apartment
do not belong to the current tenants.
After renting an apartment and mov-
ing in, students can avoid future prob-
lems by filling out the inventory
checklist carefully. She said many
landlords fail to emphasize the impor-
tance of this list.
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PREACH ERS
ontinued from Page 1A
that matters," Cavanagh said. "I have never been influenced
by a. soapbox speaker, but maybe that means I haven't heard
the right one."
Williams said it is up to the listeners to determine the
value of the speaker's message.
"Each person has to decide for him or herself whether it is
worthwhile criticism of the world," Williams said.
Johnson said he does not preach for money, but because
"those who choose to be believers choose to be tellers of the
essage and anyone who claims to be Christian should be
1ling their faith."
LSA junior Jessica Cleary said the preachers' messages
must be taken with a grain of salt.
"Sometimes they say things that just make you laugh,
even though they are so serious," Cleary said. "One that I
heard a couple weeks ago said that prostitutes were actually
better off to society than us girls who 'are just giving our-
selves away' because at least they are getting paid for what
they do."
Not all the preachers in the Diag have the same method of
conveying their teachings.
"I usually agree with the message, it is just the wrong
method," Johnson said. "If you don't speak with love it is a
sin. Those who merely condemn everyone are actually sin-
ners themselves."
Regardless of how the preachers on the Diag affect stu-
dents' views on religion, they always seem to draw large
numbers of people to listen to them speak.
"They are great entertainment," said Astrid Beck, religion
program associate. "I think students listen to them purely for
the entertainment value."
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