2A - The Michigan Daily - Thursday, January 30, 1997

NATION/WORLD

Pakistani high
court upholds
Bhutto s dismissal

.~.* .~. ~ .*.* .*.* .~. x*.

.-..

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan (AP) -
Benazir Bhutto lost a bid to regain
office when Pakistan's highest court
ruled yesterday that her ousted govern-
ment was corrupt. New elections will
be held as planned Monday.
A lawyer for the former prime minis-
ter called the ruling disappointing.
Bhutto said it was expected.
President Farooq Leghari used his
constitutional powers to dismiss
Rhutto's government Nov. 5, two years
before her term expired. He accused her
of driving Pakistan toward economic
ruin, stealing billions from the national
treasury and using police in the south-
ern city of
karachi to
qiuash a rival There
political move-
ment.
,B h u t t o
denied the of corrup
charges and
accused the
president of dis- Pakist
missing her
government in
an attempt to consolidate power. But
Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah told a
packed courtroom there was abundant
evidence to support them.
In a 6-1 ruling, the judges upheld the
president's actions and ordered
Monday's general elections to go ahead
as scheduled.
"There is significant proof ofcorrup-
tion,' Shah said. "There is enough evi-
dence which shows the government was
involved in extrajudicial killings"
Bhutto's government was accused of
sanctioning police hit squads that tar-
geted members of the opposition politi-
BAKER
Continued from Page 1A

tI
if
.s

cal group Mohajir Qami Movement.
The movement represents Indian
Muslims who fled to Pakistan when the
country was created in 1947.
Hundreds of riot police surround-
ed the white marble courthouse,
wearing helmets and holding steel
shields. About a dozen women pelted
police with stones and tried to storm
the gate of the courthouse when the
decision was announced. Earlier,
they lay down on a road and blocked
traffic. e
In Karachi, Bhutto told reporters she
wanted to withdraw her legal challenge
two days ago because she did not
expect justice,
but her lawyers
persuaded her to
await the deci-
sion.
Her lawyer,
Aitzaz Ahsan
said the ruling
ajjad Ali Shah "was disappoint-
ii chief justice ing."
A lawyer for
the president,
Khalid Anwat, said the judgment sent a
warning to future governments "not to
go beyond the law, not to take dictatorial
power."
Bhutto is a candidate in Monday's
election and has threatened to contest
the results if her Pakistan People's Party
wins fewer than 90 seats in the 207-seat
National Assembly or lawmaking lower
house of Parliament.
The Supreme Court said the only
allegation made by the president that
could not be substantiated was that
her husband was involved in the fatal
shooting of her brother last

AP PHOTO
A supporter of ousted Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto is aided after she
fainted upon hearing a court decision upholding Bhutto's dismissal.

FAA to post airline
safety data on Net
WASHINGTON - The Federal
Aviation Administration announced
yesterday it will use the Internet to
disseminate voluminous airline safe-
ty data that previously had been
deemed confidential agency informa-
tion.
But the FAA will not rank the air-
lines' safety records in the same way it
already ranks airlines' on-time and lost-
luggage performance.
Officials said that even an informed
reading of the agency data will not
offer much help to travelers seeking to
determine which airlines are least like-
ly to have crashes. The reason is that
serious accidents are so infrequent,
safety experts said.
Airline officials heavily lobbied the
FAA and Congress to limit the speci-
ficity of the data the agency pumps
out. Ultimately, federal aviation safe-
ty officials agreed with the airlines
and even some consumer groups that
certain FAA data was prone to misin-
terpretation and should not be
released.

Judge OKs broadcast of McVeigh trial
DENVER - The judge in the Oklahoma City bombing case gave the go-ahead
yesterday for broadcasting the trial of Timothy McVeigh on closed-circuit television
in the city devastated by the blast - a move seen as a landmark victory for the grow-
ing victims' rights movement in the United States.
The decision by Richard Matsch represents the first time that use of television ha
been approved for a federal criminal case. But Matsch, chief judge of the U.S. Distr
Court in Denver, imposed several restrictions on the broadcast, including a ban on
attendance by reporters.
Instead, the judge ruled that only those injured in the blast, their families and rel-
atives of those who died in it would be permitted inside the Oklahoma City auditori-
um where the feed of the trial, scheduled to start March 31, will be aired.
McVeigh and co-defendant Terry Nichols, who is to be tried separately at an
unspecified later date, are charged with planning and carrying out the bombing on
April 19, 1995, of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in which 168 people were
killed and more than 800 injured.
Since the cases were moved to Denver last year because of concerns that the two
men could not receive fair trials in Oklahoma City, Matsch has been under sie*
by thousands of those directly affected by the explosion.

Congress pressured the FAA to
release more information about air-
lines' safety performances after the
May 1996 crash of a ValuJet Airlines
jet in the Florida Everglades, which
killed all 110 people aboard.
AOL grants refund
to subscribers
WASHINGTON -America Online,
the country's largest computer online
service, yesterday agreed to give
refunds or credits to nearly all of its 8
million subscribers as compensation
for weeks of problems in connecting to
the overloaded service.
The company offered the refund
which customers must request, to sett
a dispute with attorneys general of about
35 states, many of whom contended that
AOL had promised unlimited time
online and then failed to deliver.
Under the agreement, AOL will give
a credit for one month of future service
to any subscriber who writes to request
one, the company said. That would be
worth as much as $19.95, depending on
what billing plan the person uses.

September.
The president said that Asif Ali
Zardari may have been involved in the
shooting and may have interfered with
the police investigation.
Zardari was investment minister in
his wife's government and was known
to his detractors as "Mr. 40 Percent,"
a reference to the alleged kickbacks
he demanded of potential business
contacts.
The court's ruling has no impact on

the charges against him in connection
with the shooting.
Campaigning for next week's elec-
tions has been low-key. The interim
government has banned the use of
posters and loudspeakers and has out-
lawed large rallies.
Nawaz Sharif, whose own govern-
ment was dismissed on corruption
charges in 1993, but reinstituted in a
Supreme Court decision, is considered
the front-runner.


University of Pittsburgh, was reached
last night but said he could not com-
nent until he talked to his attorney.
"He was very pleased and welcomed
the decision; Cahill said. "Jake's happy
it came to an end.'
The American Civil Liberties Union
of Michigan submitted a friend of the
court brief to both the U.S District
Court and the Court of Appeals asking
that the charges brought against Baker
be dismissed.
The Michigan Chapter of the ACLU
supports the decision, but cannot say
whether or not it will be upheld.
"It may not all be over. They may ask
for a rehearing in the Court ofAppeals or
r vfrom the U.S. Supreme Court," said
RIio ard Simon, executive director of the
" Michigan chapter ACLU. "Ultimately,
'Zhether on the Internet or in writing, if

we're going to preserve First
Amendment rights, there's got to be a
distinction between fantasy and threats."
The court dismissed the charges
because they did not meet three elements
of the law: "a transmission in interstate
... commerce, a communication con-

Laurie Burns, director of the
University's Information and
Technology Division, said Baker did
not violate any ITD policies.
"He basically followed every policy
we had. He posted stories (in areas) set
aside for those types of stories and he

taining a threat,
and the threat
must be a threat to
injure [or kidnap]

warned people'
Burns said.

C J ake's


the person of who fee
another," the w
Court of Appeals vind1cat
ruling stated.
The court
ruled that Baker's Jake E
case met the first
clause but did not
qualify under the second or third. The
court stated Baker's actions met the first
of the three clauses because his trans-
missions were between Canada and the
United States.

E
Ba

Hhe oweyHowever,
Baker's actions
in "communi-
cating a threat"
did not qualify
because he was
- David Cahill not sending the
aker's attorney transmissions to
his classmate.
Baker's actions
were disqualified under the third section
because he never communicated his
ideas to his classmate directly.
Experts on the First Amendment said
the ruling is not a landmark in constitu-

tional law.
"I don't think [the decision] will
make much of a difference, " said Joan
Lowenstein, an Ann Arbor media
lawyer. "The effects will be limited to
the specifics of the case."
Legal experts said that as new media
technology evolves, so does an unchart-
ed area of law.
"The computer technology is going
to take us into a realm of First
Amendment applications that was not
within the contemplation of the consti-
tution," said Victoria Roberts, president
of the State Bar of Michigan.
Cahill said the ruling affects right to
privacy issues more than freedom of
speech.
"The threat which is what those
opposing are talking about, you can't
overstep the bounds of common ordi-
nary speech becuase someone feels
threatened," Cahill said. "Jake's the one
who feels vindicated."

S. African officers
seek amnesty
JOHANNESBURG, South Africa-
Four former security police officers
claim they did not intend to kill anti-
apartheid leader Steve Biko when they
beat him in an interrogation two
decades ago, their lawyer said yester-
day.
The four retired officers, plus a fifth
who intends to confess, hope to win
political amnesty from South Africa's
truth and reconciliation commission in
exchange for full confessions of their
roles in one of the country's most infa-
mous abuses under apartheid.
Attorney Francois Jacobus van der
Merwe said the officers were seeking
immunity for charges of assault and
culpable homicide for the death in
police custody of the charismatic black
activist on Sept. 12, 1977., "I would
describe it as an interrogation gone
wrong;' van der Merwe said. He added,
"You could call it an accident.'
But attorney GeorgeBizos, who
helped represent the Biko family at a
government inquest after the death, dis-

.. ;rit ""at"1r

puted that version of events. "It's not
much different to the very fanciful
account they gave at the inquest which
was so far fetched that no reasonab
man could believe them, except
course the magistrate in charge," Bizos
said. "I don't know why they bothered:'
Mexico's former
leader speaks out
MEXICO CITY - Former President
Carlos Salinas de Gortari portrayed
himself as a courageous reformer izt
lengthy interview published yesterd
and claimed anti-reformers in a "con-
spiracy" tried to name their own presi-
dential candidate aftet Salinas' hand-
picked successor was assassinated.
In the first in-depth, on-the-record
interview since he fled Mexico land
went into self-imposed exile almost two
years ago, Salinas apparently sought to
rehabilitate his damaged reputation,
depicting himself and Mexico as being
locked in a power struggle betweo
forces favoring and opposing change.
- Compiled from Daily wire reports.

41

Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
and
The Academic Women's Caucus
announce a joint meeting on
The New Research Environment:
Planning for Change
By Vice President for Research
Frederick C. Neidhardt
at 4 P.M. on Thursday, January 30, 1997
Room 1300, Chemistry Building
University of 'Wisconsin-PlattevilleI

The Dways
looking fovwrters.
Call us t 7Deily
or stop by the
Student

The Michigan Daily (ISSN 0745-967) is published Monday through Friday during the fall and winter terms by
students at the University of Michigan. Subscriptions for fall term, starting in-September, via U.S. mail are
$85. Winter term (January through April) is $95, yearlong (September through April) is $165. On-campus sub-
scriptions for fall term are $35. Subscriptions must be prepaid.
The Michigan Daily is a member of the Associated Press and the Associated Collegiate Press.
ADDRESS: The Michigan Daily, 420 Maynard Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1327.
PHONE NUMBERS (All area code 313): News 76-DAILY; Arts 7630379; Sports 647-3336; Opinion 764-0552;
Circulation 764-0558; Classified advertising 764-0557; Display advertising 764-0554; Billing 764-0550.
E-mail letters to the editor to daily.letters@umich.edu. World Wide Web: http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/.

EDITORIAL STAFF

1 F

dio n he

,,,

"If you have built castles in the
your work need not be lost.
That is where they should be.
Now put the foundations underj
-Henry David'

Dair,
them. .
Thoreausit

*1


NEWS Ay Klein, Managing Editor
EDITORS: Tim O'Connell, Megan Schimpf. Michelle Lee Thompson, Josh White.
STAFF: Janet Adamy, Brian Campbell, Prachish Chakravorty, Anita Chik, Jodi S. Cohen, Jeff Eldridge, Megan Exley, MarIa Hackett, Jennifer
Harvey, Heather Kamins, Jeffrey Kosseff, Marc Lightdale. Carrie Luria, Laurie Mayk, Chris Metinko, Katie Plona, Anupama Reddy. Alice
Robinson, Matthew Rochkind, David Rossman, Matthew Smart, Ericka M. Smith, Ann Stewart, Ajit K. Thavarajah. Katie Wang, Will
EDITORIAL Adrienne Janney, Zachary M. Ralmi, Ed
ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Erin Marsh, Paul Serilla.
STAFF: Emily Achenbaum, Ellen Friedman, Samuel Goodstein, Katie Hutchins, Scott Hunter, Yuki Kuniyuki, Jim Lasser, David Levy,
Christopher A. McVety, James Miller, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Jack Schillaci, Ron Steiger, Matt Wimsatt,
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Jason Stoffer.
SPORTS Nicholas J. Cotsonika, Managing Editor
EDITORS: Alan Goldenbach, John Leroi, Will McCahill, Danielle Rumore. Barry Sollenberger.
STAFF: Nancy Berger, T.J. Berka, Evan Braunstein, Chris Farah, Jordan Field, John Friedberg. Kim Hart, Kevin Kasiborski, Josh Kleinbaum,
Andy Knudsen, Chad Kujala, Andy Latack, Fred Unk, B.J. Luria, Brooke McGahey, Afshin Mohamadi, Sharat Raju, Pranay Reddy, Jim Rose.
Tracy Sandler, Richard Shin, Mark Snyder, Nita Srivastava, Dan Stillman, Jacob Wheeler, Ryan White.
ARTS Brian A. Gnatt, Jennifer Petlinski, Editors
WEEKEND, ETC. EDITORS: Greg Parker, Elan A. Stavros.
SUB-EDITORS: Use Harwin (Music). Hae-Jin Kim (Campus Arts), Bryan Lark (Film), Elizabeth Lucas (Books), Kelly Xintaris (TV/New Media).
STAFF: Colin Bartos, Eugene Bowen, Anitha Chalam, Kari Jones, Brian M. Kemp, Emily Lambert, Kristin Long, James Miller, Evelyn Miska.
Aaron Rennie, Julia Shih, Philip Son, Prashant Tamaskar, Christopher Tkaczyk, Angela Walker.
PHOTO Mark Friedman, Sara Stillman, Ed'
STAFF: Josh Biggs, Jennifer Bradley-Swift, Aja Dekleva Cohen, John Kraft, Margaret Myers, Jully Park, Damian Petrescu, Kristen Schaefer.
Jeannie Servaas, Jonathan Summer, Joe Westrate.Warren Zinn.

Learn Your Way Around The World
" Study abroad in Seville, Spain, or London, England,
for a summer, for a semester or for a full academic year
" Courses in liberal arts and international business
" Fluency in a foreign language not required
" Home-stays with meals

BE WELL-PREPARED for
your GRE General Exam
by learning to make the key
distinctions which result in
superior scores. You learn
more than shortcuts and

GRADUATE PSYCHOLOGY
programs generally re-
quire you to take the GRE
Subject Test, an extensive
examination of the entire
field of Psychology.

COPY DESK
STAFF: Lydia Alspach, Allyson Huber, Jill Litwin, Matt Spewak, David Ward, Jen Woodward.
ONLINE
STAFF: Julio Gurdian, Scott Wilcox.
GRAPHICS

Jason Hoyer, Editor
Adam Pollock, Editor
Tracey Harris, Editor


I


i ._ _ __