10 - The Michigan Daily - Wednesday, April 12, 1995 a 9o:s? Smoking may cause miscarriages, study finds m The Washington Post k s Smoking may cause as many as 7.5 percent of all miscarriages - most of them occurring before :hrf the woman knows that she is pregnant, researchers y \ said yesterday. Between 19,000 and 141,000 miscarriages in America can be linked to smoking annually, and as (Leapin' many as 26,000 newborn babies are admitted to 4. ard intensive-care units each year because of low EinELUU ~ birthweight caused by smoking, the researchers l A~t: ':estimated. In addition, as many as 2,200 cases of '~When Ann Arbor Sudden Infant Death Syndrome may be caused by resient cottmaternal tobacco use, the researchers said. The ~ Mc~llar gotinto evidence of smoking's heavy toll "is a poignant .'.""~.,..."......... an accident, he reminder that use of tobacco products affects many received insurance innocent individuals who have not chosen to as- mnY t ixhssume the risks involved," wrote researchers Jo- bumper.JYThis se ph R. DiFranza and Robert A. Lew in the April trange ecaiiseufemaaie .., . ,.i~~l ,., " . ten,;ance .technique The article provides a "imeta-analysis" of about . <..: . .+4" soon":lead: to a whole: 100 studies related to smoking and prenatal and '::"s:,<;;:. ' :.''',- ': -0 ,new look:::for::his: car.t>neonatal health. In a meta-analysis, researchers \~": °Er~;' ::2.::r t ? rYCi:::::y::l.,., ,;..: :: :.t3 review all available studies on a particular topic Photo bynd ty to draw overall conclusions. "''~JOE WESTRATE/Daily Tobacco use during pregnancy has long been associated with miscarriage, low birthweight and other complications in newborns. In this case, the researchers went a step further than many metal analyses by attempting to estimate the number of miscarriages, infant deaths and life-threaten ing complications that could be attributed to smoking", Meta-analysis is sometimes controversial be- cause it attempts to draw comparisons between studies of differing designs. But the new report is "an outstanding article" that is the first to bring together so many threads of research on the sub- ject, said Michael Siegel, an epidemiologist with the Office on Smoking and Health at the Centers. for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. "Clearly, women have to take responsibility for the life that they are carrying," said DiFranza, af doctor in the Fitchburg Family Practice Residency Program at the University of Massachusetts. DiFranza added that since nicotine is highly addictive, many women find it difficult to quit. When polled, some 39 percent of smokers who' become pregnant say they quit during their preg- nancies, but studies that subjected the women to~ blood tests found that just 14 percent of women' offered a variety of cessation aids actually quit. Ito to meet with dismissed juror today; Fung testimony continues' LOS ANGELES (AP) - The dis- missed O.J. Simpson juror who pre- dicted a hung jury and charged that black panelists were treated differ- ently by sheriffs deputies was or- dered to appear in Judge Lance Ito's private chambers today, a court spokeswoman said Monday. ' Jeanette Harris was served with a subpoena on Saturday from Ito, who began an investigation into alleged juror misconduct after Harris' explo- sive live TV interview on April 5, the day she was dismissed from the jury. Harris was ordered to appear this afternoon in the judge's chambers for aprivate session. Court spokeswoman Susan Yan declined to elaborate. Yesterday, Los Angeles Police Department criminalist Dennis Fung returned for Day 4 of his testimony, which was interrupted when three jurors fell ill with the flu. When the jury last saw Fung on Wednesday, he was enduring a line of cross-examination designed to show that detectives and criminalists in the case were borderline incompetents who contaminated and moved critical evidence. Fung began his testimony last week by dramatically unwrapping from an evidence bag the bloody glove found behind Simpson's house the morning after the June 12 murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. Prosecutors have said stains on the glove match the blood of Simpson and the victims. But defense attorney Barry Scheck poked holes in many key aspects of the investigation. Under cross-examination, Fung acknowledged that: He took credit for collecting a crime-scene glove, a hat and blood drops, when most of the work actu- ally was done by rookie criminalist Andrea Mazzola. At the direction of a detective, he carried in a bag the glove found at Simpson's estate into the middle of the crime scene. A detective erred in throwing a white blanket from Ms. Simpson's home over her bloody body. The blan- ket was discarded, Fung said, before it was checked for hair or fiber evi- dence that could have ended up on other pieces of evidence. The trial has been beset by prob- lems with the jury panel, which has lost six members, leaving just six alternates for a proceeding expected to last for several more months. Harris was ousted April 5 for with- holding information about a domestic violence incident involving her hus- band. During an interview, she denied that she ever said jurors spoke among themselves about the case, discus- sions that would have violated the judge's order. She saidjurors did form cliques, but not because of the way they felt about the case. "I've never said that I personally heard any of thejurors talking about the case," she said during a live interview Friday on KCAL-TV, which she con- ducted to clarify remarks she made two days earlier. "I have no knowledge of any jurors talking about the case. The only things that I said were possibili- ties, that the possibilities did exist." She said deputies did not always monitor conjugal visits and telephone calls. Harris, who is Black, said the Sheriff's Department had not acted in an overtly racist manner toward the jurors they are charged with guard- ing, but she did complain of a "lack of professionalism in some of the sher- iffs." She also said some deputies promoted racial tensions. "We got treated different," Harris said of Black jurors. "It wasn't that slurs were being thrown around. The treatment was different." The jury now has eight Blacks, three whites and one Hispanic. Of the remaining alternates, four are Black, one is white and one is Hispanic. Simpson defense attorney Barry Scheck questions police criminologist Dennis Fung. Scheck poked holes in several key aspects of Fung's testimony, including details on the collection of drops of blood. Don't let your projects put you in a bind! We can make the difference while you wait. Sprial & velo binds professionally finish your report instead of leaving - . . - ... It dangling. Freedom of speech is central to the mis- sion of higher education. The University of Michigan respects and encourages the exchange and debate of ideas, including electronic inter- changes. However, electronic messages should not interfere unreasonably with one's education or work at the University, nor should they harass or threaten an individual or group. The Univer- sity does not condone messages of hate and harassment, including electronic messages and other electronic materials. If you believe you have been the subject of questionable electronic materials, contact: * The ITD User Advocate at "itd.user.advocate@umich.edu". Acts of harassment and threats will be thoroughly investigated by University, state and federal enforcement agencies. If you believe you are in danger, call the Department of Public Safety immediately at 911. MEXICO Continued from page 1 romance of the guerilla effort, not all Mexicans are so quick to believe that the Zapatistas are true promoters of democracy and champions of the poor. "I think they are run and supported by a group of frustrated old politicians who have been denied power under the present government. Government posi- tions are aware the money is, while the pueblos are starving and being pushed off their lands the politicians have sea side ranches to live on and travel to Miami or Houston every week," said Francisco Nava, the owner of a small restaurant in Yucatan. Some Mexicans said the amount of money that has been funneled to the Zapatistas in weaponry and supplies seems beyond even the resources of the elite. Others express the more radical idea that the government itself is be- hind the Zapatistas. "The people are being fooled again," said Miguel Sanchez, a computer op- erator in Puebla. "Their hopes have been raised that there is actually a strong force fighting for them, for their land and their rights, but I think the govern- ment has planned the whole situation to avoid widespread protest and an upris- ing of the people. When the people think that the Zapatistas are going to fight for them they no longer have a reason to rise up. By creating a pretend uprising the government prevents a real one.", Still others fear that the external actors are directing and funding Zapatista movement. "I think they are foreigners," said Raul Eminez, a Chiapaneco tourism pro- moter,. "Many of us believe that Marcos and the other leaders are from Cuba or the United States. Thesecountries either want more power in the Mexican government, or they want Chiapas. This is a rich state with oil and minerals, it is so isolated from the rest of Mexico it would be easy to break off." Even the people who do have confi- dence in the philanthropic nature of the Zapatista movement question its finan- cial sources. "I think it is from the drug trade," said a medical student from the state of Campeche. "I have heard that Ross Perot was financing the guerrilla army because he hates the ideaof NAFTA," said Eugenio Alonzo, a business man from the capi- tal of Chiapas, Tuxla-Gutierrez. "They kidnap government officials and members of their families to raise the money," said a government histo- rian in Yucatan. "I think there are businesses and organizations all over Mexico that send the Zapatistas money and supplies. They probably house the Zapatistas who have come out of the jungle to work and organize in other areas," said Lufs, a fisherman in Quintana Roo. It has even been suggested that the Zapatistas are trying to get a hold of large industries such as electricity, telephones, and the government oil company PEMEX, should it privatize." "If the Zapatistas had control of the major industries they would be more powerful than the government," said Julio, a civil engineer from Mexico City. "If the government sent troops into the jungles, the Zapatistas could shut off services to the entire country. The government would have a time dealing with that." As Mexicans continue to guess at the true intentions of the Zapatista move- ment, there is a general hope that while the motives of the Zapatista are unclear, the doubts of organization's sincerity are unjustified. "It's just an idea," said Miguel Sanchez, a proponent of the government backed insurrection theory. "I hope I'm* wrong, and they are really fighting for the people. I just question it because they haven't really done that much. There has been a lot of talk of fighting in the news- papers but in reality there have been few actual military confrontations." Besides the Jan. 1, 1994 uprising in San Cristobal de las Casas and the tem- porary occupation of 32 pueblos in December, the Zapatistas have made@ few aggressive movements. "They are not stupid," Marfa Solfs, a student advocate from Guadalajara, said in defense of the Zapatista army. "They know they can't fight the Mexi- can military so they withdraw before the troops arrive." However, many feel that the Mexi- can population is losing confidence, and that the Zapatistas should make a move soon to preserve the movement's* momentum. "I think they will have another up- rising soon, maybe this summer or fall," Solfs said. The recent economic crisis has un- doubtedly effected the movement's fi- nances. "The situation is hard," said a; Zapatista supporter. "There are no jobs; for the people (Zapatistas) and more and more people are going without food.; We are trying to think of new ways to make money, but it is a difficult situa- tion for everyone." While many argue that the increas- ing economic difficulties will prompt more people to demand change, others, counter that the people are working for subsistence and do not have the time or energy to organizc. Some Mexican people are increas ingly organizing to demand change. With the Zapatista leadership still largely intact despite recent govern ment crackdowns, it seems that the Zapatistas may emerge from this time of economic strive stronger than ever. - Denson is an LSA senior pursuing a concentration in Latin American studies. Columbia Review INTENSIVE MCAT PREPARATION Group claims Border Patrol abuses WASHINGTON (AP) - Border Patrol agents routinely abuse people seeking to enter the United States from Mexico-legally and illegally -and earlier reports by the group as a string of unfounded allegations. The study is the third in a series of highly critical reports of U.S. immi-