The Michigan Daily - Tuesday, November 22, 1994 - 7

4GATT
Continued from page 1
the capital gains tax, which is levied
on the profits of sales of stocks and
other assets. House Democratic leader
Richard Gephardt said Republicans
were interjecting their "favorite give-
away for the rich" into the debate over
a trade agreement. He said 72 percent
f the benefits would go to taxpayers
arning $100,000 a year or more.
At the same time, Clinton has
pushed hard for passage of the trade
agreement, and rejection would be a
blow to his prestige.
Several White House officials said
that while talks continue with Dole on
other issues, Panetta's comments
stand on a capital gains tax cut. Lob-
bying for the accord during the day,
rice President Al Gore said, "This is
a big fight. It's going to be hard fought
and close."
Congress is scheduled to vote af-
ter Thanksgiving on legislation to
implement the 123-nation GATT
agreement. The accord would reduce
trade barriers and cut tariffs by an
estimated $740 billion worldwide
while offering more protection for
merican patents and copyrights.
The lame duck, Democratic-con-
trolled House and Senate will be vot-
ing, but Democrats concede Republi-
cans hold the balance of power, just
as they will hold a majority in the new

Prostate cancer linked
to genetic occurrence

Researchers fight 2d
most common
cancer in men
The Baltimore Sun
BALTIMORE - Researchers at
the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center
have identified a genetic change oc-
curring during a man's lifetime that
appears to trigger prostate cancer by
knocking out a cell's ability to resist
cancer-causing chemicals in the envi-
ronment.
Although further research is
needed to determine the discovery's
full significance, scientists yesterday
said the finding may provide an im-
portant step toward understanding
what causes the most frequently diag-
nosed cancer among American men.
The scientists noticed the genetic
change while studying 91 human pros-
tate cancers - tissues obtained from
autopsies and biopsies of men who suf-
fered from the disease. The defect was
found in all of the samples analyzed.
Dr. William G. Nelson, assistant
professor of oncology and urology,
said the alteration shuts down a cell's
ability to manufacture an enzyme that
is a part of the body's natural cancer-

fighting mechanism. Without the en-
zyme, the cell is more likely to turn
cancerous and spawn a larger tumor.
"If .continued research confirms
this hypothesis, tests for the enzyme
could serve as an early diagnostic
marker for prostate cancer," Nelson
said. Many physicians believe that
early detection is crucial to treating
cancer successfully.
Details of the finding were re-
ported in yesterday's edition of Pro-
ceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences.
Each year, 200,000 new cases of
prostate are diagnosed and 38,000
men die of the disease, making it the
second leading cause of cancer death
among men.
Nelson said the genetic alteration
occurs during aperson's lifetime when
a piece of DNA - the genetic blue-
print within each cell - undergoes a
chemical change. The change is not
passed from generation to generation.
Scientists could find no trace of
the cancer-fighting enzyme, known
as glutathione S-transferase, in 88 of
the 91 human prostate cancers they
studied. The enzyme is part of a much
broader family of cancer-fighting
chemicals produced by the body.

Vice President Al Gore, U.S. Trade Representative Mickey Kantor (I) and Agriculture Secratary Mike Espy (r) hold a
conference call with U.S. farmers yesterday. The call was to discuss the impact of the GATT treaty on agricluture.

Congress that meets in January.
At a closed-door strategy session
last week, according to one congres-
sional aide, the White House estimate
was one-third of the Senate was unde-
cided.
With organized labor often in op-

position, free trade issues traditionally
divide the Democratic caucus in both
houses. Republicans supplied a major-
ity of votes in the House and the Senate
last year when the North American
Free Trade Agreement passed.
In the Senate, in particular, where

it will take 60 votes to prevail on a key
procedural motion, the Republican
grip on GATT is strong, and the poli-
tics intense.
In the House, Speaker-to-be Newt
Gingrich has called for passage of the
accord next week.

Japan adopts major political reforms
in effort to create greater stability

Don't Just Use Us For The

Los Angeles Times
TOKYO-Concluding a six-year
struggle under seven prime ministers,
Japan's Parliament yesterday voted
into law the final pieces of political
reforms designed to produce a two-
party system, campaigns fought on
policy issues rather than pork-barrel
*ndouts and periodic changes of
government.
Socialist Prime Minister Tomiichi
Murayama, however, said the vote
marked "just the start of political re-
form."
The form of "a saint has emerged
-but it has no soul yet. We must trans-
form (the laws) into a force that will
restore the people's confidence (in
litics)," he said.
Three bills drawing boundaries for
300 single-seat lower house districts,
stiffening penalties for vote buying
and fixing qualifications of parties
eligible to share $309 million in gov-
ernment campaign subsidies passed
the upper house in a nearly unani-
mous vote.
The subsidies, equal to $2.50 for

each voter, will be given to parties for
the first time in proportion to their
holdings in Parliament, in the hope of
reducing corruption stemming from
reliance upon donations from special
interest groups.
Along with reforms passed last
March under former Prime Minister
Morihiro Hosokawa, the new laws will
go into effect Dec. 25, ending a 70-
year old system of multi-seat districts
with an average of four representa-
tives, some of whom polled fewer than
20 percent of the total votes.
Two hundred other seats will be
filled through a proportional represen-
tation system, in which voters cast a
second ballot forparties of their choice.
Spurred by a 1988-89 stocks-for-
favors scandal that tainted all of the
leaders of the then-ruling Liberal
Democratic Party, efforts to carry out
reform were thwarted repeatedly un-
til an inter-party rebellion deprived
Japan's perennial rulers of their 38-
year grasp on power and brought a
reform coalition under Hosokawa to
power in August 1993.

Even then, rebels within the ranks
of Hosokawa's supporters once again
defeated reforms in an upper house
vote last January.
A last-minute compromise, how-
ever, won Liberal Democrat support
and brought about enactment in March.
Bills passed yesterday filled in the
details of those laws.
When the new electoral system
will be put to a test remains unknown.
Former Prime Minister Tsutomu
Hata called forelections early next year,
but Murayama said he was not thinking
of dissolving the lower house, the term
of which runs through July 1997.
Under the new system, the next
election is certain to create an up-
heaval. NHK, the semi-governmen-
tal radio and TV network, reported
that politicians belonging to the Lib-
eral Democrat, Socialist and Harbin-
ger Parties in Murayama's coalition
already are battling each other in un-
official campaigning in 131 of the
300 new single-seat districts. Forty-
eight of those battles pit Liberal Demo-
crats against Liberal Democrats.

Communists, royalists make strong
showings in Nepal parliamentary voting

Los Angeles Times
KATMANDU, Nepal - To all
those political scientists and gloating
Cold Warriors who consigned the
communists to the ash-heap of his-
ry, Nepalis have delivered a re-
sounding raspberry from atop the
Himalayas.
The result could be apolitical crea-
ture that, until yesterday, would have
been no less improbable than the Yeti,
or abominable snowman: a heredi-
tary monarchy whose government is
led or dominated by professed chain-
ions of the toiling masses.
In last week's elections for a new
Parliament in one of the world's 10
poorest countries, the Communist
Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-
Leninist (UML) has emerged as the
No. 1 vote-getter, obtaining 86 seats

against 80 for the centrist Nepali Con-
gress.
"The election results have made it
amply clear that the people are in
favor of a change," said a representa-
tive of the leftist party, which along
with Congress was in the forefront of
the campaign for restoration of par-
liamentary democracy in this Hindu
kingdom.
Caretaker Congress Prime Minis-
ter Girija Prasad Koirala conceded
defeat. "The Nepal people have indi-
cated that they want the Nepali Con-
gress to play the role of a strong
opposition in this country," he said in
a statement broadcast by state radio
and television.
The humbled 71-year-old politi-
cian was possibly more responsible
than anyone for his party's lackluster

showing at the polls. He had been
prime minister since May 1991, but
bitter Congress infighting, the stench
of official corruption and widespread
disillusion over his government's
unfulfilled promises sapped his popu-
larity badly.
In that respect, the Nov. 15 verdict
of Nepali voters was more akin to the
repudiation that their U.S. counter-
parts gave President Clinton and other
Democrats this month than an em-
bracing of the ideals of Karl Marx and
Vladimir Lenin.
"UML people are not communists
in the conventional sense of the term,"
said Dev Raj Dahal, a political ana-
lyst at Tribhuvan University's Center
for Nepal and Asian Studies, in
Katmandu. "UML's policies show it
is a party of socialists."

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