The Arican Express Real Life Planner


s your chances for
SAmerican Express*
getting your right
about getting tejob

is the r
done right.

nd'then
tadtoshed
ices, product

i ad setlh
mnth

i
t
: '

testing, manufactusrg
troube-s hootig, mrkein
-oyourbright ideas irosder
tha y ight11fulty realize
your ptenial dthe ~ pn
teyour company.
The entrepreneuratspri
maoking broads~iwe e

dust
e in-h

find th
y the

corporate it

a r

twit
unt

WHAT IS AN
INTRAPRENEUR?
ood question. Technically speak-
ing, an intrapreneur is an entre-
preneur with a corporate roof over
his or her head. The intrapreneur is an
innovator, a free thinker, an idea person...
someone savvy enough to know that the
surest and safest road to success is along
a path paved by a parent company. More
than ever before, companies are looking to
make major investments of resources and
money in the start-up ventures of their own
employees, with the dual expectation of a
large return and increased employee
productivity and job satisfaction.
For instance, when employees at Ameri-
can Telephone & Telegraph spotted a new
technology for storing video images in a
personal computer, they launched an
in-house venture called EPICenter, a ven-
ture whose success promised to bring its
participants a windfall of more than eight
times their original salary. That's intra-
preneuring.
Or, when a sales manager at Continental

Can in Stamford, Connecticut developed a
printing service for the packagers of con-
sumer products, he used his company's
funds and resources to help bankroll what
soon became a subsidiary company with
annual sales approaching $5 million, and
new unit headquarters in Pinebrook, New
Jersey. That's intrapreneuring.
As the text book for intraoreneurino is

still being written, classic examples of
internal ventures and employee-initiated
businesses turn up in almost every field, at
almost every level:
" A public relations specialist recognizes
it would be cheaper for clients to produce
an hour-long packaged interview on video-
tape than to travel from city to city promoting
a product or service, and then to send that
tape for promotional use to any number of
television markets.That notion grows into a
multi-million dollar consulting arm of the
agency, which conceives, produces and dis-
tributes promotional packages for movie
studios, publishers and record companies.
* A marketing expert for a frozen break-
fast manufacturer is alarmed by the loss of
consumers to the stepped-up breakfast
campaigns of leading fast-food restaurants,
and concocts an easy and nutritious break-
fa t food that could put the company back
on ts feet. The expert is freed from day-to-
day responsibilities to develop and market
the new product.
* A plant worker at a toothbrush factory
invents a workable and affordable design
for a travel water-pik, and convinces the
parent company to finance its development
and testing towards a future product launch.

When Sarah woke up the morning
after her finals at Iona College, her
jaw muscles throbbed with pain.
Her teeth were tightly clenched, and she
could open her mouth only halfway. The
pain had plagued her all semester and
worsened as exams drew closer. When she
sought relief from a dentist and doctor, nei-
ther could diagnose or treat her condition.
Finally, however, her psychology-professor
referred her to a dentist who specializes in a
little-known malady called TMJ-for tem-
poromandibular joint syndrome. The den-
tist helped her to see that her usual teeth-
grinding response to stress sent her jaw
muscles into spasm. He prescribed an
exercise to relax her muscles-and within
weeksshewascured.
Other TMJ victims are not as fortunate.
The ailment is sometimes known as the
great impostor because its varied symp-
toms can mimic those of other disorders,
and victims often shuttle from doctor to
doctor in a vain search for relief. First iden-
tified nearly 50 years ago, TMJ is only now
getting widespread attention; this summer
the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic
Medicine sponsored the first interdisci-
plinary conference on the subject. Studies
indicate that perhaps 20 percent of the
population suffer from TMJ to some de-
gree, and experts find it more common
among college students. "We usually get a
floodofstudents in right after exams," says
Dr. Andrew Kaplan, director of the TMJ
Clinic at Mt. SinaiHospital.
Grinding away: Students with TMJ may
displayanyoneorallofthefollowingsymp-
toms: aclickingor poppingnoise when they
move their jaws, muscle spasms, head-
aches, low energy levels and general fa-
tigue. Most authorities identify stress as
the principal cause. Certain oral habits,
however, promote TMJ: grindingtheteeth;
clenching a pencil or musical instrument
tightly between the teeth; biting the
cheeks, lips or tongue; frequent gum chew-
ing or constant smiling, and cupping the
chin in the hand.
TMJ patients generally develop these
habits in response to uncomfortable emo-
tions, according to New York City psychol-
ogist Paul Greene, who specializes in
TMJ. "The oral habit makes TMJ patients
feel like they've temporarily removed the
uncomfortable emotion," says Greene,

.s .
'We usually get a flood of students i nght after exams': Specialist Dr. Andrew

"and this feeling reinforces the habit."
First-aid remedies for TMJ include
moist-heat packs and a soft diet, since
the pain is intensified when chewing.
Longer-term solutions require behavior
modification. Methods that have been
used successfully include yoga, medita-
tion, biofeedback, short-term psychothera-
py and acupuncture, as well as manipula-
tion of the muscles by an osteopathic
doctor. In some cases, assertiveness train-
ing also helps, says Greene. "TMJ patients
must learn not to fight the world by biting
the bullet. I work with them to effect a
change in their life."
That's just what TMJ sufferer Lucy Kim
finally decided to do. Kim, a graduate stu-

dent at Teachers College, Columbia, be-
came frustrated last year while interning
at a school for the mentally retard-
ed. "I was holding a lot of anger in my
jaw," she says. In her view, "Many of the
teachers abused the kids by screaming at
them. When I spoke up about it, I never
received any support. So the anger built
up." After she consulted a psychologist,
Kim decided that the best solution was to
quit rather than try to deal with the emo-
tional strain. "Now when I yawn, my jaw
muscle still cracks, and I still can't eat
bagels," she said, "but at least I don't worry
anymore about waking up in the morning
and finding my jaw locked."
SUSAN GOODMAN

When Romance Really Hurts
College courtships can found that 12 percent of from verbal threats to
bruise the body as the men had been hurt. shoving, slapping, chok-
well as the emotions, ac- In a related study, Sal- ing, sexual assault and
cording to several new ly Torrey, director of the attacks with a weapon,
studies. Two researchers Emporia State College reports Rosemary Bogal-
from Indiana University Women's Research Cen- Allbritten, associate pro-
surveyed 505 students terinKansas, describeda fessor of social work at
around the United States typically abusive situa- Murray State University
who were involved in tion. One or both mem- in Kentucky. To height-
steady relationships and bers of the couple have en awareness of the prob-
discovered that nearly been battered children. lem, Murray State is
one fifth of the wom- They break up repeated- training dormitory as-
en had been physically ly, but after an episode of sistants to defuse touchy
abused by their partners. violence he is always con- situations and persuade
Males suffer, too; Indi- trite. They even feel clos- students to seek help.
ana analysts Jan Stets er in the aftermath. Kansas schools have a
and Maureen Pirog-Good Partner abuse ranges statewideprogram.
NEWSWEEK ON CAMPUS 37

Special Advertising Supplement OCTOBER 1986