cl ble Ninety-six years of editorialfreedom Vol. XCVI - No. 133 U04 Copyright 1986, The Michigan Daily Ann Arbc S. plani hadafy i or, Michigan - Tuesday, April 15, 1986 as bomb Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Ann Arbor, MI PERMIT NO. 13 Eight Pages Libya; ice hit resider From AP and UPI WASHINGTON - U.S. jets launched a lightning air strike against terrorist bases in Libya yesterday - including Moammar Khadafy's headquarters - to retaliate for attacks against Americans. Defense Secretary Caspar Wein- berger said one U.S. Air Force plane was unaccounted for. Speaking some two hours after the attack, he said, "There is no indication that it went down." Libyan radio reportedly said that U.S. planes had been hit. Weinberger said about 18 F-ills were involved along with 15 Navy r planes with supporting aircraft and tankers. President Reagan, in a nationally broadcast address to explain the military strike, said the United States had direct, precise, and irrefutable evidence that Libyan leader Moam- mar Khadafy had ordered recent anti- American terrorist attacks. "When our citizens are abused or attacked anywhere in the world, we will respond in self defense," Reagan said. And in an unmistakeable and personal warning to Khadafy, he declared: "If necessary, we will do it again." In a statement, White House Spokesman Larry Speakes said: "Libya bears direct responsibility for the bombing in West Berlin on April 5 that resulted in the death of Army Sergeant Kenneth Ford and injury to a number of American servicemen and others. "In light of this reprehensible act of violence and clear evidence that Libya is planning future attacks, the United States has chosen to exercise its right of self-defense," Speakes said. Speakes would not discuss casualties or damage. He said "we took every precaution" to ensure that no civilians would be injured or killed. Speakes said American military jets had struck at Libya's "terrorist infrastructure - the command and control systems, intelligence, com- munications, logistics, and training facilities." Khadafy's headquarters near Tripoli was among the targets of the American strike, which occurred at 2 a.m. Wednesday, Tripoli time. Official Libyan radio broke into its regular broadcast of patriotic songs to report on the bombing and said Khadafy's family had been injured. "The savage American invaders carried out a treacherous and bar- baric air strike this morning against the residence of the brother leader of the Revolution (Khadafy). A number of members of the family of the brother leader were injured as a result of this raid." It was not know whether Khadafy was injured. Reagan cautioned that the U.S. strike was "carefully targeted to minimize casualties of the Libyan people, with whom we have no quarrel." He did not reveal if there were any casualties on either side. The French Embassy in Tripoli was hit in the U.S. bombing raid, the French Foreign Ministry said. A ministry spokesman said the embassy was hit but no one was injured. The spokesman provided no information on the extent of the damage. Weinberger and Secretary of State George Shultz said U.S. embassies and military bases around the world were put on alert in case of any Libyan reprisals. There are thought to be more than 800 Americans in Libya, despite Reagan's order last year that U.S. citizens get out of the country. Within five minutes after Speakes finished briefing reporters at the White House, several dump trucks were brought onto the grounds of the U.S. Capitol, blocking all the auto and truck enterances in a move to enhan- ce protection against terrorist attack. News, Free Press will join By TIM DALY with wire reports The parent companies of the Detroit Free Press and the Detroit News said yesterday they formed a joint operating agreement under which the two newspapers will cooperate in their publishing. Knight-Ridder Newspapers, Inc. and Gannet Co., Inc. agreed to establish the Detroit Newspaper Agency, which will publish the Free Press in the morning and The News in the after- noon Monday through Friday. THE NEWSPAPERS will publish a joint edition on weekends. Under this arrangement, one -edition would be published with seperate editorial and "op-ed" opinion material under each p newspaper's masthead. The Justice. Department still must approve the agreement under the Newspaper Preservation Act of 1970, which permits joint agencies if at least one newspaper in a market is in danger of failing. In the last five years, operating losses before corporate expenses were $35 million for the Free Press and $20 million for The News. See DETROIT, Page 3 Dizzy for life Daily Photo by DAN HABIB Jazz legend Dizzy Gillespie and bassist John Lee jam in a free concert for "Jazz for Life" in front of Hill Auditorium yesterday. FRESHMAN WINS $2,200 NEH GRANT Foreign - reaction subdued From The Associated Press Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said yesterday his government was notified of U.S. inten- tions concerning Libya, but there was little official reaction from other foreign governments to the American bombing raid on Libyan targets. The government-run news media in the Soviet Union and China ran urgent reports on the U.S. bombing raid, and there were expressions of concern about the thousands of foreigners who live in Libya. IN A statement released by his office, Mulroney said his government "has been fully consulted by the United States all along and was notified in advance of its intentions with respect to Libya. "We accept President Reagan's statement that Libya was involved in the perpetration of terrorist at- tacks," Mulroney said. It was past midnight in Europe when the White House announced the bombing raids. At British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's office in London, press officer Mike Horne said: "Until I get full details I shall not be able to comment. I doubt if we will have any comment until tomorrow (Tuesday) morning." THE DEFENSE Department said in Washington that 18 F-111 bombers based in England flew to a ren dezvous in the Mediterranean with aircraft from the aircraft carriers Coral Sea and America to take part in the raid. In Seoul, South Korea, government officials were reported to have convened special meetings this mor- ning, apparently to discuss the bombing of Libya, where 20,000 South Koreans work in construction. Canadians also voiced concern for their nationals in Libya. "I AM TERRIBLY concerned about the fate of the 1,300 Canadians, which has to be the immediate priority concern of the Canadian government," New Democrat leader Ed Broadbent said in an interview in his home. In Moscow, the official Soviet news agency, Tass, first reported the U.S. attack on Libya in a terse two- paragraph news flash this morning nearly two hours after the White House announcement. The first paragraph of the news flash was dated Tripoli, Libya, and said: "The Libyan capital has been subjected to an air attack. Explosions are heard in the city." THE SECOND paragraph was dated from Washington and said, "The White House has confirmed that the United States has dealt a series of air strikes against Libya." The Tass news flash moved at 8:55 p.m. EST, nearly two hours after White House spokesman Larry Speakes announced the air strikes. The official Chinese news agency, Xinhua, put out an urgent report today on the air strikes, but the Foreign Ministry in Peling had no immediate comment. XINHUA INTER R UPTED the lengthy transmission of the state economic plan for 1986 with the three- paragraph news item. China condemned the U.S. attack on Libyan military targets in the Gulf of Sidra last month as a "violation of the norms governing international relations." Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole (R.-Kan.) said that John Poindexter, chairman of Reagan's National Security Council, had informed the congressional leadership of plans for the attack some two to three hours in advance of the strikes. INSIDE COURSE CHANGE: Opinion approves of new LSA COURSES. See Page 4. DECODIN: Arts previews tonight's perfor- .... ..mow ..... L . IwCLn... mi..dreA .NNAJ#16 Su preme wide and By ALINE LEVANEN year's aw For LSA freshman David Katz, the indepth U.S. Supreme Court is more than an Novelli, a award thi! KATZ N how Chi with econ in the mid American institution. It represents a fKatz r flexible yet consistent legal system - cascina o and a $2,200 award from the National "My fa Endowment for the Humanities. always h Katz is one of just 66 students nation- house," K Court two at the University to win this wards, which provide funds for research projects. Rebecca in LSA sophomore, also won an s year. WILL use the money to research ef Justice Roger Taney dealt omic and technoligical changes d1800s. edits his father for inspiring his on with the nation's highest ther majored in history, so he had history books around the Katz said. "I also got interested is Katz's in law. History plus law equals the Supreme Court.", FOUR hundred dollars of Katz's award will go to his project adviser, Prof. Frederick Schauer. Schauer said he will donate the money to the University's Law School. Katz sees the award as an opportunity to combine his interests in American History, the court system, and writing. The 18-year-old New Jersey native has until Sept. 30 to complete a 40-page paper for the project. Once the project is com- pleted he will receive the remaining meow $1,800 of his award, and his paper will be published in the Library of Congress. Although Katz expects to read more than 20 books for the paper, he doesn't want to rephrase what scholars have already said. He hopes to break some ground with his research. "I WANT to synthesize or come up with some new conclusions that no one else has," Katz said. "Rehashing new ideas isn't what scholarship is about. I also wish to benefit from my research instead of just publishing something what I already know." See KATZ, Page 3 lStudyfinds student leadersi more liberal than norm By PHILIP LEVY Second in a two-part series Campus leaders are considerably more liberal than the average student, according to a study conducted by a University political science class. "There is a big difference between what campus leaders are like and what i the student body is like," said Colin Zick, an LSA senior and a member of Prof. Sam Eldersveld's American Political Parties class. THE SURVEY consisted of personal interviews with 41 campus leaders and 194 LSA seniors and sophomores selected randomly. Leaders were chosen from groups such as the Michigan Student Assembly, the Inter-Fraternity Council, and the American Civil Liberties Union. Participants in the study were asked where they consider themselves to be on the political spectrum. Fifty-three per- cent of the student leaders considered themselves liberal, while 60 to 70 percent of the non-leaders considered themselves moderate to conservative. Members of the class offered differing explanations for the split between leaders and students. LSA junior Mark Rose, for instance, questioned the validity of political classifications. "You can't say that's a reflection of their political ideology," he said, asserting that many people don't understand the meaning of political categories such as liberal and conservative. "IT'S POSSIBLE they don't under- stand what being liberal means," Rose said of campus leaders. See STUDENTS, Page 3 TODAY- Sobering thoughts Political activism remains largely untapped on college campuses as 7.4 percent of those surveyed said they had not participated in an activist event in the past year. And college students aren't necessarily taking Hart - or any other presidential candidate. television a day. But another 41 percent said they watched TV two to four hours a day. As for the benefits of going to college, fifty-one percent said they thought it would help them get a better job. Forty-nine percent "see the value of their education in more philisophic I, i