Ninety-five Years of Editorial Freedom E Lit an Iai1Q Ghoulish Partly cloudy, windy, and rainy, with temperatures in the low sixties. Ten Pages Vol. XCV, No. 49 Copyright 1984, The Michigan Daily Ann Arbor, Michigan - Thursday, November 1, 1984 Fifteen Cents Ten Pages - - I' ' 7' ' ' ' - - 'I ' ' ' - ' - -- - -- 17 --- - - - I Gandhi gunned down India grieves, Sikh religious sect takes credit From AP and UPI NEW DELHI, India-A tearful, vengeful India mourned the assassinated Indira Gandhi yesterday and turned to the slain prime minister's son to lead the huge nation through its time of crisis. The 66-year-old Gandhi was cut down outside her home yester- day morning in a barrage of gunfire by her own Sikh bodyguards, officials reported. One of the two gunmen was then killed and the other wounded, they said. The mortally wounded prime minister, a Hindu, died five hours later, setting off a wave of anti-Sikh violence across the nation. "RETURN BLOOD with blood!" Hindu crowds shouted in New Delhi, where Sikh shops were set ablaze and Sikh shrines stoned. Hundreds were reported injured. Army troops were reported moving into New Delhi and Calcutta to quell the rioting. Extremist members of the minority Sikh religion had threatened repeatedly to kill the prime minister, especially since she ordered a bloody army assault against the Sikhs' holy Golden Temple last June to crush the Sikh separatist movement in Punjab state. National legislators of the governing Congress Party met in emergency caucus yesterday and unanimously chose her son, Rajiv, 40, a party general secretary, to succeed Gandhi, prime minister for 15 of the past 18 years. INDIRA GANDHI, daughter of In- dia's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, dominated the political life of this teeming nation for two decades. She turned India into a nuclear power and strengthened its role as a Third World leader, but her governments made little progress in relieving India's deep poverty, or in overcoming its inter- nal religious and ethnic conflicts. Her son's first major challenge is ex- pected within three months, when national elections must be held. Gandhi was shot at 9:15 a.m. (10:45 p.m. EST Tuesday) as she emerged from her home on New Delhi's tree- lined Safdarjang Road, on a bright, clear morning, for a recorded interview with British actor Peter Ustinov. SHE WAS CROSSING the lawn bet- ween the compound's two houses, passing a gate, when one of her security guards shot her with his service revolver, said Gandhi's spokesman, Sharada Prasad. After she crumpled to the ground, a second guard opened fire on her with is Sten submachine gun, Prasad said. At least 22 rounds struck Gandhi, fired from just two yards away, UNI said. Screaming members of the household, including Rajiv's wife, Sonia, rushed to the side of the prime minister, who was clad in an orange cotton sari, the news agency United News of India said. One gunman, identified as constable Satwent Singh, was shot dead by her See INDIA, Page 5 'U' profs fear turmoil in India 1N By LILY ENG While University professors extended their sympathies yesterday for India's murdered Prime Minister India Ghan- di, they expressed a fear that India will soon enter a period of turmoil. Professor Karl Hutterer, director of the Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, said Ghandi's death could cause "large scale rioting." THE HINDU population in India did not have much sym- pathy for the Sikh community before Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh guards, said Professor Rhoads Murphey, of the history department. "The Hindu community will probably retaliate," Murphey said. Murphey said he is confident of a smooth transition in political power, but said that there are no immediate or ob- vious choices for long-term leadership. Both critics and admirers of Ghandi's leadership said yesterday that India's democratic system is stable compared to other third world governments and is highly established in its politics. However, they also said India's military may become divided by politics. Sikh followers comprise 10 percent of the Indian army. PROFESSOR Thomas Trautmann, associate chairman of the University's history department, said, "For the first time since the British rule, the army is becoming divided by politics and may place the future of India into jeopardy." Trautmann also pointed out that India has been "remarkable and unique" among Third World countries because its military had remained outside of the gover- nment. Murphey said Sikh followers will undergo tough retaliations but he said Sikh leaders will probably make every effort to apologize for the minority who are terrorists. He said the Sikh soldiers would have no chance if they tried to take over the Indian government. Prime Minister Ghandi had trouble with the Sikh com- munity over representation. Members of the Sikh community had demanded more representation in the Indian gover- nment, but Ghandi had refused their demands. Sikh terrorists had threatened to kill Ghandi after she ordered a military takeover of the Golden Temple, the holiest Sikh wor- ship place. Anu Taj, president of the Women from India at Michigan, said Ghandi held her nation together. "She was a strong leader and wanted to keep the country together," Taj said. Associated Press Rajiv Gandhi, son of assassinated Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, is sworn in as the new Prime Minister of India by President Zail Singh in New Delhi yesterday. Budget priorities key to elections, Levin says By THOMAS MILLER With only a few days left until the election, incumbent Democrat Carl Levin brought his campaign for the U.S. Senate to Ann Arbor yesterday, at- tacking Republican challenger Jack 0 Lousma's record and telling a Univer- sity political science class that elec- tions are a matter of priorities. "Elections are about priorities bet- ween how much we spend on defense, and how much we spend on other items," Levin said. Lousma, an ex-Marine and astronaut, has recently aired advertisements pointing out Levin's lack of military service. Yesterday the former Detroit City Councilman stressed his knowledge of defense related issues during the 45-minute campaign stop. The candidate spoke to Prof. Greg Markus' political science class. Markus said the class, a study of American politics and current events, is often used as a forum for students to meet political figures. Markus said he also invited Levin's 'Elections are about priorities between how much.we spend on defense, and how much we spend on other items.' - Sen. Carl Levin Republican opponent, Jack Lousma to appear sometime during the year, but scheduling conflicts prohibited his coming. LEVIN ALSO attacked President Ronald Reagan for his large defense budgets, saying that these budgets are causing social programs to suffer. He said he supports a strong, but better managed military. "This president has asked for, typically, 12 or 13 percent real growth in the defense budget, Levin said. 'I favor a 3 percent growth in the defense budget," he said. "Nonetheless, it is a legitimate growth rate, if we spend it well. And that's the big 'if.' " SOCIAL SECURITY benefits for children whose parents have died are among the services discontinued to make room for an. increase in the defense budget, Levin said. "That, to me, was one of the real injustices of the past few years.Ng See LEVIN, Page 2 Daily Photo by DOUG McMAHON Senator Carl Levin tejls University political science students that he favors a strong but better managed military yesterday during a visit to campus. .... . . . ... . ........ ........ ...... ............................. ...... ..: . . ::. :. :. :::::::: n": n":::::. ..-......vv... ........ v .............................. ......................... v:.v::: ::w..:::: ":::::::::::::. fi:"?}:4".t::;':;':::::::.}.....:::::.}?};:""'::::;"}i;{Li;L}}t:;q}v:::::.... .n...v..n,.v...,,......." ;a,..v..." ...........n.v .. .. .. ........::..... .....t................,........ ...... w::::::: "::: n; ...v............................................: }:"i:4?:? ". :^}:"}:::..................v...: v::: .....v}:".+'<4i:"}'r w: v.{.:. i:..:ti :{Si:{'i: {:: ni}v. ............. Pass/fail flunks elsewhere but stays alive here By VIBEKE LAROI At Universities across the country, the popularity of elec- ting courses on a pass or fail basis is dying out as ad- ministrators see student performance levels slipping and students reject the option in favor of competing for grades. Many colleges are abandoning the option altogether or decreasing the number of courses which may be taken pass/fail, according to a survey of over 1600 colleges using the system. BUT AT THE University of Michigan - the first institution to substitute pass/fail for conventional grading - the option. remains popular. "Many institutions are beginning to realize students per- form on a lower level with pass/fail systems, said James Quann, registrar at Washington State University, who authored the survey. "Students come to class late, skip classes, don't do assignments and hold other students back. Performance is below par in many cases," he said. UNDER THE pass/fail option fewer students do high quality work, and more tend to turn in assignments that just keep them above the failing margin, according to Quann. The pass/fail option was dropped at Michigan at the turn of the century, but was reinstated in the early '70s because faculty members thought students were discouraged from ex- perimenting in different courses, said Charles Morris, associate chairman of the psychology department. But assistant registrar Edward Loyer said the original purpose was to help students fulfill their requirements for language courses, sometimes the toughest clases for studen- ts to get through. STUDENTS CAN take 30 of their 120 required credit hours on a pass/fail basis, but the courses cannot be part of their concentration requirements. Faculty assign students lower grades which are then changed to nass or fail in the registrar's office. Grades of C- or better translate into passing grade. Students can convert that evaluation back to a grade on an unofficial transcript after graduation. See PASS/FAIL, Page 2 Scientists isolate gene from immune system NEW YORK (AP) - Scientists have isolated a gene that plays a crucial role in the body's immune system, marking an important step toward manipulation of the immune system to fight disease or prevent organ rejection, according to reports to be published today. The gene is one of at least three that enable white blood cells called T lym- phocytes to identify and attack disease organisms, cancer cells, or foreign tissue, reseachers said. THE GENES provide the blueprint for molecules called receptors that T cells use to scan other cells and look for intruders, said Susumu Tonegawa, a biologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and leader of one of two groups that independently isolated the gene. The discovery of the genes will allow researchers for the first time to examine how T cell receptor molecules perform their immune surveillance and to determine how that surveillance might be enhanced to destroy cancer tumors, for example, or blocked to See SCIENTISTS, Page 5 G:v: i} "}. i}...: v". ti"r'v}}:: i:i ..:.v.:.v:.; 4, }"v,.}}}}}}}:}}v.vv:::::: i{L v.i:"ii::}: :"}:G:"}:: v:::v:::".i::{"} "iii:{O}:"i:... . .... .. ....... n.. nv v'v ... .v ... :r ..v..v$.. .. h.vvh"G: .. :..:.:::....: ............::::.v:::.v::::: "::.}}}:3}>:4:"?}::::: :v:}::v: :v:::"::"."::::;;i:::: }i: .. ... ....v. \ ....... ......X ... .....u.... ......".........:::.:................. \.... ... ..:........::.v.:......... ............::..................:v :.vn ......... .....:...a::w :::::.vr.....:":.:: "..v.......v .. r ."}. ... ... ...- ti...... ....... nY ..vG..:...... .. \ .. ... .. r.. v.."..............v .. .. n.... ,. TO D- Free flight HE FIRST 99 people in three Florida cities "who get known. They won't let me go on TV. We don't have the money." The 99-cent fares will be good for one-way flights from one of the three cities to either of the others. Cash or treat -.... . two hours after the holdup, police arrested three teen- agers. They recovered $19 of the $60 to $145 taken in the holdup. Bubble bubble ... BRITAIN'S 65,000 witches, most of them good in contrast to those who practice black magic, are hoping for mild weather Halloween night because their rites are bet- stockbrokers, dance in the flickering flames hoping, among other things, that the body heat their gyrations generate will counteract the damp shill of a British Autumn. On the inside ... 1 i I