Page 2 - The Michigan Daily - Thursday, October 20, 1983
Study says U.S. origin of AIDS

BOSTON (AP) - AIDS probably did
not exist in Haiti until 1978, about the
same time the devastating disease
erupted in the United States, Haitian
researchers say.
Some U.S. experts have suggested

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that AIDS broke out and was taken
back to the United States by
vacationing homosexuals.
"The data in the paper are very
clear," said Dr. Bernard Liautaud, one
of the physicians who conducted the
study. "Apparently it appeared at the
same time in Haiti and in the States.
Here in Haiti, there is a lot of
speculation that the disease probably
came from the States through
homosexuals."
MOST AIDS victims in the United
States are either male homosexuals or
drug abusers, although Haitian im-
migrants and hemophiliacs are also
considered to be at increased risk of
catching the disease.
The latest study found that most of
the victims in Haiti apparently are
neither homosexuals nor drug users.
"No segment of Haitian society ap-
pears to be free of opportunistic infec-
tions or Kaposi's sarcoma," two major
forms of AIDS, the researchers wrote.

"These diseases have been diagnosed
in the indigent and the wealthy, the
illiterate and the educated, and in
people with diverse occupations."
HOWEVER, because of strong taboos
against homosexuality in Haiti, people
there are reluctant to acknowledge it,
and the researchers said they may have
underestimated the extent of
homosexuality among the victims.
AIDS, or acquired immune deficien-
cy syndrome, is marked by the inability
of the body's immune system to resist
disease. The cause of the disorder is not
known, but it is probably due to a yet
unidentified virus.
Since AIDS appeared, it has struck
more than 2,416 people and claimed 981
lives, according to the Centers for
Disease Control in Atlanta.

SOME HAITIANS have bitterly
disputed the decision of the CDC to list
Haitian-Americans as a risk group.
About 5 percent of the U.S. victims so
far have been Haitian immigrants who
apparently are not drug users or
homosexuals.
The latest study was directed by Dr.
Jean W. Pape of the Haitian Study
Group on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Oppor-
tunistic Infection in Port-au-Prince. It
was published in today's New England
Journal of Medicine.
The doctors said a 20-year-old man
who died in July 1978 of a disease that
may have been AIDS was the first
possible victim in Haiti.
"We do not believe that AIDS existed
in Haiti before this period," the doctors
wrote.

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(Continued from Page 1)
will receive financial aid from the
program, he said.
About 4,800 University students
received these government loans this
year.
But the news is better for recipients
of Pell Grants and Guaranteed Student
Loans - it will be "business as usual"
for students relying on these programs,
Grotrian said.
THE NUMBER OF students
receiving Pell Grants will be un-
changed, while the limit of the award
rises from 1,800 to $1,900.
TheGuaranteed Student Loan
program received a cut of almost
$800,000, with an appropriation of $2.3
billion. But a budget surplus from

this year, estimated to be between
$600,000 and $800,000, is expected to of-
fset the cut.
The College Work Study Program is
budgeted at $550 million, a $10 million
increase over last year. The program
may receive more money, however,
from supplemental bills later this year.
Last year, the government made a
total of $590 million available to studen-
ts through work-study, which included
a $50 million supplemental jobs bill ap-
proved last spring.
The financial aid budget is expected
to go to Congress by the end of the
week, where it will probably pass both
the House and the Senate. President
Reagan is also expected to approve the
proposal.


IN BRIEF
Compled from Associated Press and
United Press International reports
Emergency declared in Brazil
BRASILIA, Brazil - President Joao Figueiredo invoked emergency
powers yesterday "to avoid tumult" when Congress casts what is expected
to be a negative vote on a government bill to scale down wage increases.
The law, favored by the International Monetary Fund and foreign banks
that have been asked to rescue Brazil from a $90 billion foreign debt, limits
raises to 80 percent of the official cost of living index. The index has art-
tificially been kept behind Brazil's current inflation rate of 175 percent a
year.
Brazil's constitution, as amended in 1979, provides for "emergency
measures" such as house arrest, searches without warrant, outlawing of
public and labor union meetings and censorship of the press. The president
has specifically excluded house arrest and censorship from the provisions he
will use in Brasilia, the press spokesman said.
According to the constitution, the president must notify Congress on his in-
tentions to invoke emergency measures within 48 hours.
A spokesman for the presidential press secretary Atila said the emergency
measures, provided for in the constitution, give the government dictatorial
powers in Brasilia for 60 days.
Americans take more Nobels
STOCKHOLM, Sweden - American scientists won the 1983 Nobel prizes in
physics and chemistry yesterday, completing the first U.S. sweep since 1976
of all the prestigious science awards.
The announcements by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences continued
an American dominance of the science prizes since World War II.
Laureates announced yesterday were astrophysicists Subrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar of the University of Chicago and William Fowler of the
California Institute of Technology, who shared the physics prize, and Henry
Taube of Stanford University.
Chandrasekhar and Fowler, the second pair of astrophysicists ever to win
the Nobel Prize, were honored for pioneering work on the evolution of stars.
Taube won for identifying the process through which sub-atomic particles
called ions jump between molecules, helping to explain how plants make
food, how batteries work and other common chemical reactions.
Yesterdays awards completed the 1983 Nobel announcement series.
Botulism bits 31 in inois town
PEORIA, Ill. - Health investigators used food histories and lab tests yesterd
in an effort to pinpoint the cause of a botulism outbreak that hospitalized 31
people who dined at the same restaurant, officials said yesterday.
Tests confirmed botulism in seven of the victims by yesterday afternoon
and physicians had dianosed botulism in at least 13 others based on sym-
ptoms, said Dr. Stephen Doughty, an infectious disease specialist coor-
dinating. the treatment of those stricken.
The outbreak surfaced Saturday night when three people who had eaten
beef patty-melt sandwiches at a popular local restaurant, the Skewer Inn,
went to hospital emergency rooms with wht the local health director
described as "classic symptoms" of botulism, a food posioning that can be
fatal.
Twenty-seven victims remained hospitalized yesterday, two in critical
condition and at least seven were on respirators because of breathing dif-
ficulties - a common and life-threatening manifestation of botulism.
At first, local officials thought only the patty-melt sandwiches and accom-
panying condiments were suspect. They went to the restaurant Saturday
night and impounded much of those foods, but permitted the business to ser-
ve the same menu item the next day.
Three people who ate there Sunday have been hospitalized, so "everything
is suspect," said FDA investigator Donald Voeller.
Ohio to vote on 90% tax hike
COLUMBUS, Ohio - Gov. Richard Celeste barely had time to enjoy the
sweet taste of his election victory last winter before coming up with an idea
that soured the public's opinion of their new governor.
Faced with an estimated budget deficit of more than $500 million when he
took the oath of office in January, theDemocrat proposed a 90 percent in-
crease in the state income tax.
The Democrat-controlled Legislature approved theplan in just three
weeks - on straight party-line votes in both houses. And the public yelp that
had greeted the governor's tax proposal grew into a howl.
In a few weeks, Celeste will find out if Ohio voters are still angry.
On Nov. 8, they will vote on a pair of tax-related ballot issues, one of which
would repeal the 90 percent state income tax increase. One would repeal all
tax laws enacted since Celeste took office, while the other would require
three-fifths legislative approval instead of a simple majority - to pass
future tax increases.
Improved test determines sex
in fourth month of pregnancy
BOSTON - Safe, routine ultrasound exams given as early as the fourth
month of pregnancy will accurately reveal whether a fetus is a boy or a girl,
two studies published in today's New England Journal of Medicine show.
Ultrasound, which uses sound waves to take pictures of the unborn child, is
often used to check the fetus for birth defects and monitor growth.
Although the test has been available for several years, improved equip-
ment provides such clear images that doctors frequently can see the fetus'
sex organs to determine sex.

This information also can be obtained from the genetic test called am-
niocentesis. But that procedure is more complicated, and since it involves a
slight risk, it is usually not done simply to reveal a fetus' sex.
Knowing whether a baby will be a boy or a girl also has some medical ad-
vantages. For instance, girls' lungs develop sooner than boys', so knowing
the child's sex could be helpful if the mother goes into early labor.

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0 be Mict-g aH B ailQ
Thursday, October 20, 1983
Vol. XCI V-No. 38
(ISSN 0745-967X)
The Michigan Daily is edited and managed by students at The University
of Michigan. Published daily Tuesday through Sunday mornings during the
University year at 420 Maynard Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109. Sub-
scription rates: $15.50 September through April (2 semesters); $19.50 by
mail outside Ann Arbor. Summer session published Tuesday through Satur-
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Editor-in-chief..........:.............. BARRY WITT Makinen, Mike McGraw, Jeff Mohrenweiser, Rob
Managing Editor ....................... JANET RAE Pollard, Dan Price. Mike Redstone, Paula Schipper,
News Editor ......................GEORGE ADAMS John Toyer, Steve Wise.
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