The Michigan Daily-Tuesday, November 30, 1982-Page 5
Britain charges Canadian
with spying or Soviets


Pre-Rose parade AP Photo
Members of the Bring the MX to Pasadena group march through the streets of Pasadena Sunday in this year's spoof
of the Tournament of Roses Parade.
Galactic supercluster discovered

LONDON (AP)- Britain yesterday
charged a Canadian professor with
spying for the Kremlin for three
decades and quoted him as saying he
dined in Moscow with Yuri Andropov in
1975 when the Soviet leader was head of
the KGB.
"It was quite an honor," Hugh
George Hambleton, 60, told British in-
terrogators, the prosecution said. He
was a NATO official in Paris from 1956
to 1961 and now is an economics
professor at Quebec's Laval Univer-
sity.
BUT HAMBLETON, Canadian by
birth and British by descent with dual
nationality, pleaded innocent at the Old
Bailey Central Criminal Court to
passing top-secret Western information
to Soviet agents between 1956 and 1979.
The jury trial, expected to last five
days, was the third Old Bailey
prosecution in three weeks under
Britain's anti-espionage Officials
Secrets Act. On Nov. 10, Geoffrey
Prime, a former translator at a top-
secret government communications
headquarters in Cheltenham, pleaded
guilty to charges of passing secrets to
the Soviets and was sentenced to 35
years in prison.
On Sunday, British authorities an-
nounced a lance-corporal was under
arrest at a British army base at Alder-
shot, and the Daily Mail said he was
being questioned on whether the Soviets
"might have learned details about the
way intelligence was gathered" during
last spring's Falklands war with Argen-
tina.
ATTORNEY General Sir Michael
Havers told the same court that Ham-


continuous contact with Russian agen-
ts" after being recruited by an officer
of the KGB Soviet secret police, at-
tached to the Soviet embassy in
Canada.
Hambleton was not charged by
Canadian police although they seized
spying equipment at his Quebec home
and interrogated him in November
1979. Hambleton was arrested last June
when he came here on a British
passport, saying he intended to take a
sailing course, Havers said.




NEW YORK (AP)- Astronomers using radio telescopes in
West Virginia and Puerto Rico said yesterday they have
dentified the largest structure ever found in the universe, a
string of galaxies stretching halfway across the sky.
This filament of galaxies is about 700 million light years
long and 100 million to 200 million light years from earth,
making it about 10 times the size of previously identified
galactic clusters, the researchers said. A light year is the
distance light travels in one year-some 6 trillion miles.
The galaxies extend from the constellation Pegasus to the
Big Dipper.
RICCARDO Giovanelli, a staff astronomer at the National
Astronomy and Ionosphere Center near Arecibo, Puerto
Rico, who made the discovery, said the finding supports the
theory that galaxies condensed from long filaments of matter
that formed before the galaxies did.
The theory was proposed by the astronomer Y.B. Zeldovich
of the Soviet Union. An alternative explanatioi for the
existence of clusters of galaxies is that the galaxies were
formed independently and later drifted together into clusters
as a result of their gravitational pull on one another.
Marc Davis, a professor of astronomy and physics at the
University of California at Berkeley, said this research and
previous reports of chains of galaxies suggest that the
universe is composed almost entirely of neutrinos, sub-
atomic particles that might make up what's called the
"missing mass" of the universe.

THE OBSERVATIONS by Giovanelli and his collaborator-
Martha Haynes, assistant director of the National Radio Ob-
servatory in Green Bank, West Virginia-showed that two
previously identified clusters were actually two ends of one
much larger cluster.
The two clusters, named the Lynx-Ursa Major super-
cluster and the Perseus supercluster after the constellations
in which they are located, were separated by the Milky Way.
Dust in the Milky Way absorbs light from stars, and thus
prevents astronomers from seeing with optical telescopes
what lies beyond it.
Radio waves are not absorbed by the dust in our galaxy, so
radio telescopes can effectively peer through the plane of the
Milky Way. Using the 1,000-foot-wide telescope at Arecibo
and the 300-foot-wide dish at Green Bank, Giovanelli and
Haynes identified a string of galaxies behind the Milky Way
that linked the Lynx-Ursa Major supercluster with the Per-
seus supercluster.
Their research, supported by the National Science Foun-
dation, appeared in the October issue of the Astronomical
Journal. Giovanelli said in a telephone interview from Puerto
Rico that he thinks the chain of galaxies might be only part of
a filament "that you can probably trace all the way around
the sky." He said the galaxies in the filament are moving
away from Earth at a speed of about 3,000 miles per second.

Hambleton told police his contacts p
with Soviet agents dated back to the
late 1940s when he worked for Canadiin
military intelligence.
BRITAIN HAS charged him on
grounds that he is a Briton who
damaged this country as a member of
the 15-nation NATO alliance, which in-
cludes Canada and the United States,
by allegedly passing NATO secrets to
the Soviets.

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U.S. cites Soviet chem. warfare


WASHINGTON (AP)- The admini-
stration said yesterday it has physical
evidence, including a gas mask pulled
from the head of a dead Soviet soldier,
that the Soviet Union has used chemical
weapons against guerrillas in
Afghanistan since 1980.
The State Department said it also has
reports that the Soviets have been con-
taminating the water supplies used by
Afghan resistance forces, inflicting
many deaths.1
THE DEPARTMENT asserted, too,
that Moscow is continuing to supply
chemical and toxin weapons for use by
its Vietnamese and Laotian allies in
Cambodia and Laos, with even a few at-
*tacks in Thailand.
The evidence from Afghanistan in-
cludes two Soviet gas masks bearing
traces of toxins which cause blistering,
nausea, vomiting and other symptoms,
the department said.
One of the two masks was taken from
the head of a dead Soviet soldier, who
was killed during a Soviet attack on
guerrillas in which toxic weapons were
used, according to Gary Crocker, a
State Department official.
He said the second mask, which was
displayed to reporters at a news
briefing, was obtained in "a special
operation" in Kabul. He declined to say
how either mask came into U.S. hands.
ALSO DISPLAYED at the briefing
were photographs of a Laotian H'Mong
boy who was suffering severe burns and
blistering following a "yellow rain" at-
tack in late March or early April. The
boy, who survived following treatment,
was photographed by a U.S. official at a
Wrefugee camp in northeast Thailand.

The total killed in chemical and toxin
attacks is more than 6,000 in Laos, 3,000
in Afghanistan and 1,000 in Cambodia,
U.S. officials said.
They vowed to continue seeking
worldwide publicity over the issue, in
an attempt to pressure the Soviets to
cease the alleged practice. But Robert
Dean, another State Department of-
ficial, said only three nations, Canada,

Great Britain and Thailand, have
joined the United States in condemning
the actions so far.
CROCKER said the attacks haven't
yet resulted "in the kind of public con-
demnation that it should . . ." He said
the Soviets are "getting a free ride on
this" so far.


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