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IHE MICHIGAN DAILY

Friday, May 24, 19!77 I

France, China nix atomic test ban

WASHINGTON I - The
Carter administration had tried
but failed to win Chinese and
French backing for a world
ban on all nuclear weapon test--
shots.
Qualified diplofnats said yes-
terday the Peking government
has declined the U. S. propos-
al and has said it intends to
continue test-firing nuclear
arms.
THE CHINESE have long ar-
gued that U. S. - Soviet at-
tempts to stop tests and to lim-
it strategic weapons add up to
a superpower design to pre-
serve their nuclear supremacy.
French President Valery Gis-
card d'Estaing, under Gaullist
political pressure at home, also
has made clear to the Carter
administration he is unlikely at
this time to agree to a total
ban on nuclear tests. France,
lifpe China, also has refused to

sign the world pact to stop the
spread of nuclear weapons,
known as the nonproliferation
treaty.
President Carter, however, is
not permitting the Chinese or
French to stymie his own initia-
tive to transform the existing
partial test-ban treaty into a
complete ban. Carter has
stressed, before and since the
presidential election, that a
comprehensive test-ban trea-
ty is essential if the spread of
nuclear weapons is to be con-
trolled.
M E A N W HII L E, admin-
istration sources say the U. S.
and Soviet governments are
arranging early talks - prob-
ably beginning in Washington
next month - to conclude an
expanded atomic test - ban
treaty in two stages.
The first stage would be a
moratorium, lasting one or two
years, that would outlaw the

Amin barred from
LONDON (Pl - Ugandan throne.
President Idi Amin, who says BUT THE LABOR govern-
he wants to replace Queen ment does not plan an imme-
Elizabeth 11 as head of the Bri- diate formal statement on its
tish Commonwealth, will not be intentions. The idea, the sourc-
allowed into Britain for a Com- es said, is to keep the mercur-
monwealth summit next month, ial Ugandan strong man "off
government sources said yes- balance."
terday. British newspapers, mem-
The sources said it would be bers of Parliament and other
"impossible' for Amin to Lon- public figures have demanded
don for the June 8-16 confer- that Amin be refused entry into
ence, which coincides with Britain because of reports of
celebrations marking t h e mass murder and other atroci-
queen's 25th year on the ties in his East African nation.
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detonation of all nuclear wea-
pons underground. The presentv
agreement allows shots with a
yield of up to 150 kilotons, or
150,000 tons of TNT.
The second stage would be
the new treaty itself, lasting
about five years, when its work-
ings could be reviewed and ex-
tended. Britain, which is a
party to the existing test-ban
treaty, likely will be invited to
join the negotiations.
AT THIS time, the United
States, the Soviets and Britain
have bound themselves to ob-
serve twin treaties signed to
control dangers of nuclear wea-
pons.
One, ratified last year, is
called the Treaty on the Limi-
tation of Underground Nuclear
Weapons Tests. It was a de-
velopmentof a 1963 pact that
outlawed test blasts in the at-
mosphere and at sea. And it
summit
Amin, who seized power in a
military coup Jan. 25, 1971,
while his predecessor, Milton
Obote, was at a Commonwealth
sumnrit in Singapore, has re-
peatedly said h plans to come
to London as head of a 250-
member entourage which would
THE MICIIGAN DAtLY
Voume rxxxvi. No. 13-5
Friday, May 20, 197
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set the 150-kiloton upper limit
on underground shots.
The other, also concluded
last year, is called the Treaty
on Underground Nuclear Explo-
sions for Peaceful Purposes. It
also stipulated the same 150-
kiloton limit for explosions that
might be used for engineeritg,
irrigation or mining projects.
TWO CRITICAL issues will
face the negotiators in their ef-
forts to end all nuclear wea-
pon testing. Both have long
been the subject of Washing-
ton - Moscow disagreement.
American authorities see no
essential technological differ-
ence between nuclear explo-
sions that could be used for
weapons or for peaceful pur-
poses. Soviet experts disagree.

Eection dyregitration
faces fight in Congress
WASHINGTON I{P) - The House yesterday postponed action
on President Carter's bill to permit voters to register on election
day after the chief executive was told the measure faces stiff
opposition.
Action on the bill, tentatively scheduled for House action next
week, was postopen d until June.
REP, DAN Rostenkowski, (D-Ill.), said he and other con-
gressmen told Carter at a White House meeting that the bill is
strongly opposed by some Democratic party workers in Chicago
and secretaries of state across the country.
"I would assume when they pull a bill and the President
becomes entwined in it as he has, that there is some difficulty,"
Rostenkowski said.
The bill would allow unregistered voters to register and vote
on election day in federal elections. Lt would provide federal
funds to states to implement the new system.
ROSTENKOWSKO said Democrats in Chicago oppose it because
they work hard to register their voters in advance and don't
want to disruption that would occur if large numbers of new
voters came into the polls on election day.
Others said some big-city political organizations don't want
the uncertainty of anunknown number of voters being able to in-
fluence an election at the last minute.
Rostenkowski said Carter also was told that a large number
of secretaries of state oppose the bill because they believe it
would be too hard for state officials to implement the new sys-
tem.
ROSTENKOWSKI said Carter told the congressmen he will
write personal letters to the secretaries of state to urge their
support.
And Rostenkowski said the President agreed to further dis-
cussions with Illinois congressmen on revising the measure on the
House floor to meet objections.
Rostenkowski said one possible change would be to allow
areas that have 75 per cent advance voter registration to be
exempt from same-day registration.
Carter also sought to gain support for his bill from Rep.
James Corman of California, chairman of the Democratic Con-
gressional Campaign Committee.

Somehow, then, the two sides
must find out if and how tests
for peaceful nuclear purposes
can be included in a system
that bans all nuclear weapon
tests.
American authorities also
say it's impossible' in many
cases to distinguish between
seismic signals caused by un-
derground nuclear detonations
and those caused by earth-
quakes.
Therefore, Washington be-
lieves some form of on-site in-
spection is needed to check
against possible cheating even
though the science of seismic
detection has been refined. The
Russians still insist no on-site
inspection is needed to verify
a total test ban.

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