4 * 4 -4 Page Two THE MICHIGAN DAILY Wednesday, July 15, 1970 Wednesday, July 15, 1970 THE MICHIGAN DAILY FAULTY TEST PROCEDURES Election begins ii From Wire Service Reports WASHINGTON - The fight to win Senate approval for direct popular elec- tion of the President has begun behind the scenes, with serious concern among the organizers that it may fall short of success. The H o u s e - passed Constitutional amendment embodying the direct elec- tion plan will not reach the Senate floor for at least six weeks, and a final vote is unlikely before mid-September, but lob- bying is already active and the lines are hardening. Supporters of the bill are not encour- aged about prospects for securing elec- toral reform. Backers of direct election can count 54 Senators committed to vote for the Senate Judiciary Committee last April or leaning toward such a decision. But a constitutional amendment re- quires a two-thirds majority, or 67 votes, and there are 27 Senators now listed as opposed to the plan. This means that all but six of the 19 Senators now regarded as undecided must be converted into sup- porters or the move to abolish the Elec- toral College will fail. Of these 19 undecided Senators, nine are f r o m small or sparsely populates statesrthat would lose a certain measure of political influence if the electoral-vote system were ended and total direct pop- ulation vote substituted as a means of electing a President. Another three are from the South, and virtually all the oth- er Southerners are lined up against the plan. In an attempt to convert 13 of these reluctant Senators, a confederation of in- terest groups has already opened a com- bined operation, sending representatives in a team to individual meetings with each Senator or his top staff man. Theserepresentatives include one of- ficial each from the United States Chain- ber of Commerce, United Automobile reform n Senate Workers, International Ladies Garment Workers Union, the League of Women Voters, the American Bar Association and the American Federation of Labor' and Congress of Industrial Organizations. This team has already seen a half-doz- en Senators and made one convert and one probable, but four of the undecided men to whom they talked still remain uncommitted. Senator Birch Bayh (D-Ind.), chief sponsor of the direct election plan, held private meetings last week with two of his principal Republican lieutenants, Senators Howard H. Baker Jr. of Ten- nessee and Henry Bellmon of Oklahoma. He is counting on these two, plus Sen- ator Robert P. Griffin (R-Mich.), the as- sistant Republican floor leader, to re- cruit support among the 10 Republicans on the undecided list. Under the present Electoral system, a candidate who carries a state, however narrowly, gets all its electoral votes and the candidate who gets a majority of the electoral vote wins. If there is no elec- toral vote majority, the decision passes to the House of Representatives, with each state delegation casting one vote and an absolute majority of 26 votes required for election. Principal criticism of this system has centered on the fact that a candidate may receive the most popular votes but lose the election, and the likelihood of political stalemate and bargaining if a third-party candidate should force the election into the House. Under the direct-election plan, i the candidate who got the largest total na- tional vote would be elected, no matter which states he carried or lost. If no candidate got 40 per cent of the vote, a runoff would be held between the top two vote getters. 1970 cars below exhaust stai WASHINGTON (IP)-Federal pollution officials conceded yesterday that all 1970 model cars fall significantly short of claimed and certified exhaust reduction standards because of faulty government test procedures. Present federal tests 'for certification of prototype autos measure actual emis- sion of hydrocarbons and carbon mon- oxide 100 per cent too low, John T. Mid- dleton, commissioner of the National Air Pollution Control Administration con- firmed. As a result, he said, "1970 cars do not achieve the percentage reductions in pol- lutant emission intended under existing regulations. In addition, actual per-miles emission of pollutants is higher than the standard numbers in present regulations." Middleton announced new, tightened test procedures effective for 1972 model cars. He contended the technology nec- essary for the improvement w a s not available until this year. The new procedures include direct measurement of all emissions rather than the present system of partial measure- ment plus mathematical calculations: improved detectors for hydrocarbons; new driving patterns including stop-and- go stresses and cold startups that better reflect normal urban auto use. Present regulations w e r e framed in terms of the faulty procedures. Auto manufacturers will not be prosecuted for failure to. meet the numerical standards, Middleton said. Instead, he announced carmakers will have an additional two years -- until the 1972 model year - to meet weakened 1970 standards 60 per cent more lenient for carbon monoxide and 10 more len- ient for hydrocarbons. "Despite the higher figures, the actual quantity of pollutants emitted by cars complying with the proposed 1972 regu- lations will be less than for 1970 cars that comply with current regulations," Middleton said. "This results because t h e much im- proved measurement capability of the proposed 1972 procedures produces con- siderably higher readings for given quan- tities for emission." he said. Middleton conceded the government's practice of testing only finely tuned pro- totype cars and not production models for certification adds error to the testing defects. "Cars as well a As con exhaust posed to by 80 pe 69 per ce The ac procedur carbons oxide," \ He adi by its pr ards of hydrocar for cart emission nitrogen time in 1 additives -Associated rress Hello Appalachia President Richard Nixon waves from the hood of his car yesterday as he greets a big crowd in downtown Louisville, Ky. Thousands flanked the streets from the airport to the new Federal Bldg. where Nixon met with governors of the Ap- palachian Regional Commission. HICKEL WA RNING: Mercury pollutersrmay encounter legal action ART FAIR SALE-JULY 15, 16, 17, 18, 1970 I Lill JYI THOUSANDS OF LP's AT SUPER SAVINGS e 25 TOP HITS AT 40% SAVINGS LIST-REG.--SALE WASHINGTON VP)-Secretary of the Interior Walter J. Hickel yesterday threatened quick legal action against in- dustries discharging mercury, a poisonous metal, into waterways-unless states move quickly to stop the pollution them- selves. Hickel gave no indication how long he would wait, but aides indicated it would not be long. ss policy UC, Flei on calli By ROB BIER University Council (UC) met yesterday with President Robben Fleming to discuss how and when police are called on cam- pus, and how UC might become involved in that decision-making process. Yesterday's meeting was part of the work UC has been doing to define its job and begin functioning since it began to meet at the start of the summer. Established in the by-laws by the Re- gents at their February meeting, UC is a nine-member tri-partitite body composed of three representatives from the faculty, students and administrators. It is charged in the by-laws to "formulate and propose regulations" for the entire University and, among other powers, to advise the president on "relations with the general community including the use of law-en- forcement agencies." The meeting with Fleming was to discuss how UC could best fulfill that charge. In asking how UC might take part in any decisions to call police on campus, Prof. Raymond Kahn of the medical school suggested that "somehow we should prepare for crises and have distinct al- ternatives to follow in different situ- ations." Fleming replied that while there was no difficulty in some cases-such as the shooting of a student on the Diag a year ago-"The problem arises in connection with what one might call political of- fenses on campus. How one goes about making a decision there is very hard to routinize. We operate from a general prin- ciple that we would rather not have po- lice actions of that kind on campus.- "But we can't avoid it sometimes be- cause we begin to get destruction and that is intolerable," Fleming added. "So, ning discu cgpolice to campus you get a question of when do you move and under whatcircumstances?" He said that usually, some sort of ad hoc group is formed to advise him before he makes a decision. Steve Burghardt, Grad, suggested de-centralizing the de- cision-making, saying, "The decision- makers would be able to say that it's not just one group which is making the deci- sion, but that several groups were in- volved," thus relieving some of the burden on Fleming and "beginning to allow for clearing the air." Fleming agreed that it would be pos- sible to de-centralize the decision-making, but added, "Suppose you get a half-dozen different kinds of practices developing? One unit decides that they don't want any interference at all and will always call the police while another will decide that they will tolerate almost anything rather than call the police. Some real problems develop." Those matters and others discussed yesterday will go to a committee com- posed of Kahn, Burghardt and Alfred Sussman, interim dean of the literary col- lege. Another committee, composed of Jerry DeGrieck, Student Government Council executive vice president, William Steudi, director of student-community relations and history Prof. Shaw Liver- more, is working to define the areas in which UC can and should make rules. "The administration is developing hard evidence" for use in court, Hickel said. He added that a team of specialists is pin- pointing areas where mercury is a threat and laying the ground work for its con- trol. Incidents of mercury poisoning have been rare in the United States, posing a threat mainly to people who work with it in industry. But once added to the environment, mercury persists for many years and can build up with each input. Hickel said there are indications "that the presence of mercury in much of our nation's water constitutes an imminent health hazard." He sent telegrams urging immediate action to the governors of 17 states: Ala- bama, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michi- gan, North Carolina, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Each telegram advised the governor of "preliminary information,... that certain firms in your state are discharging mer- cury into waterways. "I am prepared to pursue federal legal action if this proves to be the case and if prompt corrective action is not taken," the telegrams added. They urged gov- ernors to find out which mercury users are discharging mercury into waterways and to start abatement action at one. Asked how long Hickel would wait for state action an aide commented, "when he says now, he means now." Officials refused to disclose at present which waterways and which industries were under suspicion. The Geological Survey has begun stu- dies to determine natural levels of mer- cury compounds in the nation's air and water. This would provide a basis for judging how much mercury is added by industry. Mercury, the shiny liquid metal seen in thermometers, occurs naturally in chem- ical compounds found in rocks and soil, dissolved in water or carried in water as silt. Even at relatively low levels in water, mercury compounds tend to concentrate in the flesh of fish and can become a danger to those eating such fish. There have been no reported cases of mercury poisoning from fish in the Unit- ed States. But authorities are concerned that discharges of mercury in industrial wastes may build up mercury concentra- tions to dangerous levels in certain areas, either in drinking water, or in fish. Water treatment facilities do not re- move mercury from drinking water, offi- cials say, and the only protection is to keep mercury out of water sources in the first place. 0 l NEW Donovan-Open Road J NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW Sesame Street . Blood Sweat & Tears Bob Dylarn-Portrait It's a Beautiful Day On a Clear Day w/Streisand Woodstock Traffic-John Barleycorn Procul Harum-Home. 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STATE * ANN ARBOR .4 -Associatea rress Back in the saddle of sorts Justice Tom C. Clark smiles as he poses for a picture at the end of his first day as a trial judge in U.S. District Court in San Francisco. Clark had been invited to San Francisco to help ease the heavy load in court. HOURS: MON.-FRI. 9:30-9, SAT. 9:30-6 i SOUTH U. ST(