Vol. LXXXI, No. 30-S Ann Arbor, Michigan-Wednesday, June 16, 1971 Ten Cents Twelve Pages
TIMES ORDERED TO HALT
WAR STUDY TEMPORARILY
U.S. POLICY
EXPOSED IN
NEWSPAPER
1y Te Associated Press
President Johnson decided
on April 1, 1965 to use
American ground troops for
offensive a c t i o n in South
Vietnam because the Ad-
ministration had discovered
that its long-planned bomb-
ing-which had just begun
-was not going to win the
war, according to the Penta-
gon's study of the Vietnam
War reported in yesterday's
New York Times.
Johnson ordered that the de-
cision be kept secret, the Times
said, and be carried out rapidly
but in ways that would mini-
mize any appearance of sudden
changes in policy.
r The Times report today was
the third in a series which the
newspaper is publishing on a
7,000-page study made in 1967-
68 of how the United States
went to war in Indochina. The
study was ordered by the de-
fense secretary in the Kennedy
A and Johnson administrations,
Robert S. McNamara.
The Times was ordered to
temporarily cease publcation of
the documents yesterday by a
federal judge at the govern-
ment's request.
The Timesrreport today co-
S ered the period, beginning in
1965, of increasing U.S. involve-
ment in ground combat. It high-
lighted, "Johnson's decision that
U.S. troops would take the of-
fensive was followed by another
decision in mid-July to commit
44 more battalions. This decision
was perceived as a threshold-
entrance into an Asian land
war," the study said.
...The choice at that time
was not whetheror not to ne-
gotiate, it was not whether or
not to hold on for a while or let
go-the choice was viewed as
winning or losing South Viet-
nam"
By the end of the year Ameri-
can forces in South Vietnam,
which had numbered 27,000 on
March 8, had risen to 184,314.
Their mission was no longer de-
fense of installation but offen-
sive "search and destroy" opera-
tions.
Air attacks on North Vietnam
began on a sustained basis on
March 2, 1965, in an effort to
break the enemy's will and per-
suade Hanoi to stop the Viet
Cong insurgency in the South.
"Once set in motion, how-
ever, the bombing effort seemed
to stiffen rather than soften
Hanoi's backbone . . . After a
month of bombing with no re-
sponse from the North Vietna-
mese, optimism began to vane.
"The U.S. was presented es-
sentially with two options: (1)
to withdraw unilaterally from
Vietnam leaving the South Viet-
namese to fend for themselves,
or (2) to commit ground forces
in pursuit of its objectives. A
third option, that-of drastically
increasing the scope and scale
of the bombing, was rejected
See FAILURE, Page 7
EDITORS OF THE NEW YORK TIMES study their situation yesterday after a federal judge ordered
the paper to halt temporarily publication of a series of articles based on a highly classified Penta-
gon report on the Vietnam war. From left are Times foreign editor Jim Freenwield, chief Washington
correspondent Max Frankel, and assistant news editor Robert Crandall.
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS:
School board electi~ons
indicate shift to right
By ANITA CRONE recent years that the board has a was brought to a head when the
Daily News Analysis conservative majority, rather School Board fired 256 non-ten-
Monday's school board elec- than a moderate leadership. In ,.
tion took a definite turn to the the wake of recent attacks on the
right as three conservatives over- school board for not being re-
whelmingly defeated more mod- sponsive to the needs of black :
erate, liberal and radical candi- students, women and teachers, a
dates. conservative board may com-
In spite of the conservative pound the district's problems.
victories however, the Radical Theodore Heusel - forerunner
Independent Party (RIP) seemed in the election - did not support '
to have gained increased support the "Humaneness in Education".
report-a report that dealt spe-
cifically with racism.
Heusel rejected the report be-
cause he felt it gave preferential
treatment to blacks. Heusel be-
lieves it is important that all stu-
dents receive the same level of
education. There is no indication
that the other two members Robert Hefner
elected to the board - Duane
Renken and Ralph Bolhouse - ured teachers. The Ann Arbor
feel any differently than Heusel Education Association has an-
on that report. nounced that teachers will not
- f Further, the defeat of the mill- sign a new contract until all of
age proposal puts an already the teachers have been re-hired.
troubled city into deeper financial At the present time, only 140 of
trouble - especially in view of the teachers have been rehired.
the upcoming teacher negotia- Included in the millage pro-
Theodore Heusel tions. posal was a plan to fund an an-
Losing by about 1,000 votes, the ticipated raise in teacher's sala-
over their showing in the mayoral proposed millage would have ries. Bollrouse and Heusel have
election - capturing 11 per cent covered increased operational both stated that they believe
of the vote city-wide. expenses, as-well as salaries. there are enough funds to con-
- This will be the first time in The problem of lack of money See RIGHT, Page 10
HEARING TO
TAKE PLACE
ON FRIDAY
NEW YORK (U) - At the
government's request, a fed-
eral judge ordered The New
York Times yesterday to
temporarily cease publica-
tion of a series on the ori-
gins of the Vietnam w a r
based on a Pentagon study.
District Court Judge Murray
Gurfein said the order will be
in effect until 1 p.m. Satur-
day. He scheduled a hearing
on the government's request for
a preliminary injunction f o r
Friday morning.
Gurfein rejected, however, a
government request that t h e
Times be required to surrender
the Pentagon documents.
"I do not believe that the
New York Times will wilfully
disregard the spirit of our re-
straining order," the j u d g e
said.
In Washington, the Justice
Department said the FBI had
been asked to study possible
criminal violations as regards
the Times' publication of what
the government said are top-se-
cret defense documents.
"The FBI investigates all al-
legations of federal criminal
violations and is doing so in this
case," said John Hushen, chief
Justice Department spokesman.
In a statement, a spokesman
for the Times said, "The Times
will comply with the restrain-
ing order issued by Judge Mur-
ray Gurfein. The Times will
present its arguments against
an injunction at the hearing
scheduled for Friday."
In seeking the restraining or-
der, the Justice Department cit-
ed a law which makes it a
criminal offense for any per-
son "having unauthorized pos-
session" of classified documents
to communicate, deliver or to
transmit such documents "to
any person not entitled to re-
ceive it."
In addition, a Defense De-
partment spokesman, said on
Monday another law, making it
a crime to publish information
of a classified nature, may be
involved.
Penalty under either law is
10 years in prison or a fine of
$10.000 or both.
The Justice Department had
maintained that exposure of the
secret data on which the Times'
articles were based could "re-
sult in irreparable injury to the
national defense.
The Times series, which was
published Sunday, Monday and
yesterday, is based on a volum-
inous study of American invol-
vement in Indochina and t he
country's role in the Vietnam
war. The report was under-
taken by the Pentagon in 1967
at the direction of former De-
fense Secretary Robert S.
McNamara, the Times said.
In his restraining order, Gur-
feih - the first federal judge
to order a newspaper not to-
print something - said:
"I believe that the matter is
so important and so involved
See JUDGE, Page 7