Page ~aturday, July 28 1979-The Michigan Daily 'U' chiefs traditionally decisive By SARA ANSPACH Traditionally, they have been deter- mined people, many of them stubborn, possessing unequivocal ideas about higher education. Whether to soothe disgruntled students, faculty, or Regen- ts, or to connive a larger budget from the state legislature, the University presidents have found reserves of tact and persuasive rhetoric to be their greatest asset. And a deeply imbedded belief in this University has helped them survive the trying times of the demanding job. Over the past 127 years, the following nine men have helped build the foun- dation upon which the University rests today. HENRY PHILLIP TAPPAN (1852- 1863): President Tappan was constan- tly looking ahead, an admirable quality for the chief executive of a fledgling university. He helped establish the University as an investigative in- stitution-a center of knowledge in- stead of just a place for teaching. Tap- pan advocated instruction through the lecture system, and felt professors should engage in research in addition to teaching. Although popular with students, Tap- pan had bitter arguments with the Board of Regents, which thought many executive duties should be handled by Regents instead of the president. In 1863, Tappan became the only president ever to be dismissed from his post. ERASTUS OTUS HAVEN. (1863-1869) Although his period in office was only six years, President Haven established some policies that, in theory, are still Tact, persuasion best assets apparent in University administration: today. He believed students should not be encouraged to study by offerings of scholarships or medals, Haven put money which might have been spent for such purposes into improving the University's resources. Today, the University offers few scholarships fors academic performance relative to its peer institutions. Although two black students were admitted without question when Haven was president, women encountered some problems. Haven worried about increasing sexual immorality if women were allowed on campus. "Youth is a transitional period when passion is strong and restraint is feeble," he wrote. A year later, conquered by his own progressive spirit, Haven said he was willing to admit women. JAMES BURRIL ANGELL (18714' 1909): It took two years (during which Henry Simons Frieze served as interim president) for the Regents to convince James Angell to come to the Univer- sity, but once the native Rhode Islander got to Ann Arbor, he stayed for 38 years, the longest term of any president. He was a father image for the school during those years and students and faculty alike regarded him highly. Angell was president during an era of great growth for the University, yet during most of his time as president he was able to conduct personally the daily chapel services, and help pick most of the faculty. He knew many students and most admired him. HENRY BURNS HUTCHINS t1909- 1920): While not as personable as his predecessor, President Hutchins never- theless was responsible for innovations on campus. He planned enlargements of programs at the University and star- ted in 1910 by establishing a journalism course. He helped establish a "tough" graduate school, and the enthusiastic president encouraged the growth of a student health service. When the country entered World War I in 1917, Hutchins insisted that the campus be used as a training ground for officers rather than for private soldiers. "The student who remains in the University awaiting the call from the government is just as patriotic as the one who enters the service im- mediately," he told students. MARION LeROY BURTON (1920- 1925): President Burton welcomed the University's growth and set out to make the University a modern institution. Buildings were constructed, research increased, and honors classes added to the curriculum. Excited by the whole process of presiding over the Univer- sity, Burton encouraged 'his professors to make learning exciting to students. When the popular president died in 1925, students suggested a carillon tower be built asa memorial. CLARENCE COOK LITTLE (1925- 1929): An outspoken man, President Little was not one of the most popular personnel in. Diplomatic sources and travelers arriving in India from Afghanistan describe a reign of terror against op- ponents of President Nur Mohammed Taraki's ruling Khalq Party. Torture and summary executions are believed common in Pul-I-Charkhi Prison in Kabul, the Afghan capital. An official Washington estimate said 3,000 political prisoners died there in recent months. THE ANTI-GOVERNMENT guerrilla effort, characterized by hit- and-run attacks, has spread from the eastern provinces and to some of the most remote areas of this rugged, strategically situated nation. Afghanistan is bordered by the Soviet Union, Iran, China, and Pakistan. "The government is more-or less beleaguered in Kabul," an Asian diplomat said, describing the insurgen- cy pressure on Taraki's 10-month-old Marxist-oriented regime. Guerrillas reportedly have infiltrated all but three presidents. He frowned upon frivolous actions of students during the 1920s, banned automobiles from campus, and began holding non-sectarian services on Sunday mornings to encourage students to attend church. In some ways Little's outlook was modern (he was adamant in his support of birth control) but in others he ap- peared backward. He believed women should not be enrolled in the same cour- ses as men. Women, Little felt, should be taught subjects such as physiology, human behavior, and genetics, which would help prepare them for their even- tual role as homemakers. ALEXANDER GRANT RUTHVEN (1929-1951): President Ruthven carried the Univeristy through the depression years, and then later, the second World War. During his term in office he faced many difficult decisions on University policy and national problems. Although sometimes students and faculty didn't agree with his decisions, Ruthven was highly respected for his leadership abilities. Ruthven was sincerely concerned about his students. He worried that the University did not provide enough education in character training and social orientation. Perhaps more im- portant to students was his concern for their financial problems. He helped to increase student loans and financial aid. HARLAN HATCHER (1951-1967): President Hatcher faced an expanding campus during his term. Enrollment increased 20,000 students while he was president, two more campuses were born, and research expenditures grew from $6 million to $52 million. Hatcher currently lives in Ann Arbor and travels frequently to northern Michigan. Afghanistan of the 26 provinces in this over- whelmingly Islamic nation. The guerrillas represent a wide range of views, including rival Marxists, tribespersons and right-wing Moslem religious leaders, united in their op- position to Taraki. "TARAKI'S GOVERNMENT is now only supported by bayonets," said the diplomat, who asked not to be iden- tified. Afghan exile sources in Pakistan have claimed that 90,000-100,000 villagers have been killed by napalming, artillery bombardment, and punitive raids against communities believed harboring rebels. Travel outside Kabul by reporters is restrited, however, and the number of such casualties cannot be independen- tly confirmed. THE UNITED States is the first nation to announce a withdrawal of diplomatic staff from Kabul, although the Soviet Union recalled some of its civilian field advisers from the mile- high capital earlier this year. That move followed a March uprising and mutiny in Herat, northwestern Afghanistan, where as many as 60 Russians were slaughtered by rebels, an informed source said. U.S. to evacuate embassy NEW DELHI, India (AP) - The United States will evacuate some American embassy-personnel from Afghanistan next week, citing a growing security risk in the landlocked nation amid reports of armed insurrec- tion and repressive government action. American officials here said yester- day about ten U.S. citizens will be evacuated on scheduled flights begin- ning Monday or Tuesday, including non-essential embassy staff and gover- nment dependents. The partial evacuation will leave a 48-member diplomatic corps. Afghan officials reacted to the with- drawal announcement by formally asking Washington to trim its diplomatic contingent, a face-saving measure apparently designed to make the evacuation appear Afghan-inspired, a U.S. diplomat in Delhi said. THERE HAS been no ranking U.S. ambassador in Afghanistan since Adolph Dubs was kidnapped Feb. 14 by anti-government rebels. He was killed during a rescue attempt and Washington blamed Afghanistan for his death. . Dubs has not been replaced and Washington has refused to authorize new foreign aid to Afghanistan, one of the world's least-developed countries. . WIN THE Sp arl WOODY ALLEN DIANE KEATON MICHAEL MURPHY MARIEL HEMINGWAY ENDS MERYL STREEP SCION! ANNE BYRNE 1A Wed. Sat. Sun. (Adults $1.5Q til 3:00) 2:30, 4:20, 6:20, 8:10, 10:00 Mon. Tues. Thurs. Fri. (Adults 51.50 til 6:30) 6:20, 8:10, 10:00 The wers out on campus... 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