r A41r4* an suun Eighty-Six Years of Editorial Freedom 420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, Ml 48104 PLO: Approaching acceptance Friday, January 16, 1976 News Phone: 764-0552 Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan MIE MILWUKEE JOU1RNAL. Field Newpaper Syndie, 1A75 LA Kissinger Arafat By HOWARD FREDERICK Pacific News Service WHILE DURING UN debate the U.S. still publicly sup- ports Israel's denial of Pales- tinian sovereignty, in . its sec- ret diplomacy the U. S. has al- ready made moves indicating an eventual readiness to deal with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Two signs of this basic shift have emerged in recent months. In November, Harold Saund- ers, a top State Department of- ficial, stated in a congressional hearing that the Palestinians and moderate elements of the PLO would have to be included in future Mideast negotiations. This marked a radical depar- ture from the earlier U. S. step- by - step diplomacy approach that regarded the Arab-Israeli conflict as one between sover- eign countries, automatically excluding the Palestinians. That policy aimed for Israel and her neighbors to reach a settlement in which the Palestinian ques- tion would be treated as second- ary. Saunders' testimony mark- ed the abandonment of that view. THEN, IN DECEMBER, the U. S. refused to veto PLO par- ticipation in this month's Secur- ity Council debate on the Mid- east. Since the UN invites only sovereign bodies (or those with claims to -sovereignty) to par- ticipate, the U. S. action meant a tacit drawback from Israel's cardinal principle of foreign pol- icy - total rejection of the idea of Palestinian sovereignty. A\ll along, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger has continued to insist that American policy has not changed; that the diplo- matic boycott against the PLO has not ended; and that U. S. and Israeli views still coincide on the Palestinian question. U. S. officials have said the decision to allow PLO partici- pation in the Security Council debate is a trade-off for Syria's agreement to a six-month ex- tension of the UN peace - keep- ing force in the Golan Heights. YET SAUNDERS' testimony, clearly backed by higher-ups, showed that the U. S. had made. a basic shift in policy regard. ing the central role of the Pal- estinians in a lasting Mideast settlement. As Saunders told the committee, "Peace will not be found until an agreement is reached defining a just and per- manent status . . . for the Pal- estinians . . . The issue is not whether Palestinian interests' should be expressed in a final settlement, but how. There will be no peace unless an answer is found." Within bdth the Israeli and Palestinian camps, dovish forc- es - interpreting these signs as a major policy shift - have begun to push for some concil- iatory gestures towards each other. At a recent Israeli Cabinet meeting, five of 20 ministers suggested that every Palestin- ian organization recognizing Is- rael's right to exist - and abandoning guerrilla tactics -' should be acceptable as a ne- gotiating partner. YITZAK NAVON, H E A D of the influential Knesset Com- mittee on Foreign Relations, is- sued a similar call. They have been joined in varying degrees by Foreign Minister Allon and UN Ambassador Herzog. Even hawkish General Arie Sharon, hero of the 1973 war, said, "If we are prepared to speak with the Syrians . . . there is no reason we should not speak to the fedayeen (Arab guerril- las)." Yet Prime Minister Rabin has yet to acknowledge this growing dovish sentiment. Pub- licly he reiterates that Israel will not withdraw to pre-1967 borders and that no Palestinian state will be Rallowed between Israel and Jordan. To empha- size his views, he has ordered bombing raids on Palestinian settlements and' stepped up plans for more Jewish expan- sion in Israeli - occupied ter- ritories. But even among American Jews, the tide is shifting' away from Rabin's hawkish stance. In the past year a growing num- ber have declared their disap- proval of Israeli foreign policy. Perhaps the fastest growing op- position group is BREIRA (He- brew for "Alternative"), an as- sociation of Jewish theologians and intellectuals who feel that Israel's security depends on peace with its neighbors. THE PALESTINIANS ARE also debating how to meet the Saunders challenge. While in the Western nress the PLO has expressed uniform opnosition to the "Zionist entity", some PLO opinion-makers have open- lv called for coexistence with the State of Israel. Last spring, in a much-pub- licized speech, PLO London re-resentative Said Hammami stated that the PLO, as the head of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza. would renounce violence and live in neace with Israel - maintain- ing onen borders and seeking. economic and cultural ties. And b)OULQ 1WPDV ROLS6VC HAVC ReCO-MMUPE2 A ACTIAL STIKS AS (JS1~1JJA Hammami stated that Palestin-, ians would now seek to estab- lish a political dialogue with any Israelis willing to discuss the future form of Palestinian- Israeli relations. Others in the PLO agree with Hammami - and their num- bers are growing. Nabil Sha'- ath, PLO planning director, and PLO theoretician Sabri Jiryis support the "two-state solution" leading to economic coopera- tion, cultural exchange and ev- entual confederation. As Jiryis told a recent group of Ameri- cans, "I warn you, I am a de- clared dove. I am not saying I am alone, I am part of a trend . . . There are others even more dovish than I." EVEN PLO HEAD Yasir Arafat, while unable to ex- press this position publicly, has left wide maneuvering room for the inevitable: negotiations and mutual recognition. He repre- sents a wide range of opinion- indeed, his job depends on this -but he is foremost a pragma- tist. As .long as progress is made on the diplomatic front, the numbers and political power of hawkish forces will continue to diminish. The alternatives are unmis- takably drawn: movement to- wards peace, or, intensified raids and reprisals. E Howard Frederick is on the staff of the Middle East Mobile Education Project. He recently spent a year in the Middle East, where he had extensive contacts with both Palestinians and Is- raelis. 'Now this is the 14th Amendment, which guarantees minorities equal educational opportunities, except when a bus is involved!' Busing decision: Right on 10i -M15 13Zk)TU~JIA1U YA(2 -E QU~ iEI-, ASF$ C P X STE9 1t3 17 6 t'cX)LQ 6AGERW j LJASH (&6rOM NAVE fIIt yo02KTo&cA2 L-LMCOL-MHAVE UxKer2VCKBU62 3 WE WHOLLY AGREE U.S. Circuit Court of their decision to uphold ordered integration plan public schools. WITH the Appeals in the court- for Boston bolic mixing of the races perceived solution. as a nobly The Appellate Court's 51-page de- cision praised U. S. District Judge Arthur Garrity, who ordered the bus- ing program last May, for his "care and imagination" in producing "a di- versified educational system offer- ing superior opportunities for chil- dren, both white and black." The decision also said that, "The plan is not a mechanical device to ensure that the races share equally, but serves its constitutional goals within a framework offering educa- tional hope for the children of the city." The spirit of busing should be to promote equality in learning, and not taken as merely a clinical, sym- TODAY'S STAFF: Newh: Gordon Atcheson, Elaine Fletcher, Pauline Lubens, Cheryl Pilate, Sara Rimer Editorial Page: Marc Basson, Michael Beckman, Stephen Hersh, Jon Pan- sius, Tom Stevens Arts Page: Chris Kochmanski Photo Technician: Steve Kagan. THOUGH THE citizens who have children in the Boston public schools may vehemently argue the rationality and necessity of busing to achieve integration there, integra- tion through cross-district busing re- mains the only plausible and demo- cratic choice at this time. Social restructuring is a lengthy, evolutionary process: for now, those children who have been wrongfully deprived of a decent education must be bused. Photography Staff KEN FINK iFAULINEILUBENS Chief Photographer Picture Editor '. SUSAN SHEINER. ..Stafr Photographer Editorial Staff GORDON ATCHESON CHERYL PILATE Co-Editors-in-Chief DAVID BLOMQUIST ................ Arts Editor BARBARA CORNELL .. Sunday Magazine Editor PAUL HASKINS .............. Editorial Director MARY LONG ..... Sunday Magazine Editor JOSEPHINE MARCOTTY Sunday Magazine Editor SARA RIMER ... ............... Executive Editor STEPHEN SELBST.,.................City Editor JEFF SORENSON ............. Managing Editor LDOUUP WCO UJO WJUKEO&) HAVEJ 10s -TtC &v~kof FOR T7K AOS IC KcR6NJWA -rIiON5 x ~JQ~H KceA~' R~E~ >k)/S hJ6 k.ORO V W1160& Irish Americans sneak aid to IRA By MICHAEL CHINOY BELFAST (PNS) - American sym- pathizers of the Provisional IRA have raised millions of dollars and smug- gled weapons to the IRA ever since the violence began in 1969 - and have gained public attention doing it. Nearly five years ago, two Irishmen who worked as ship stewards on the Queen Elizabeth were tried after a suitcase filled with guns from America was discovered on the ship. ON JUNE 1, 1972, a baggage handler at London's Heathrow Airport was car- rying two suitcases and a sea chest on their way from San Francisco to Ireland when the chest burst its seams. Inside were machine guns with tele- scopic sights and dum-dum bullets, ap- parently intended for the IRA. Beyond such shipment of small arms and explosives, Irish sources in Belfast and New York describe the use of aid money sent legally from the U. S. to purchase weapons on the Euro- pean arms market. In 1973, for example, IRA leader Joe Cahill and five others were captured in a boat off Ireland with tons of rifles, Russian-built mines and hand gren- ades - apparently purchased in West Germany. While there was no proof that the money to buy the equipment had come from the U. S., Irish sources agree this kind of arms smuggling is often financed by American money. A DEFENSE Department document released several months 4go by Rep. Les Aspin of Wisconsin claimed that 75 per cent of the money used by Irish militants to purchase arms came from the U. S. Today the largest American sup- port group is Irish Northern Aid - or Noraid - which raised $400,000 last year and more in previous years. Though denying any connection with arms smuggling, its leaders express moral support for those who do the smuggling and for the IRA Provision- als, who have carried on the armed conflict since 1969. Noraid has 71 units with 80,000 mem- bers in the U. S., each organizing its own fund-raising. Their leader, Mich- ael Flannery, shouldered a gun against the British nearly 50 years ago in Tip- perary. FLANNERY insists Noraid's money goes solely for relief of victims of the Irish troubles. "If I could, I would send guns," he says. "But if this mon- ey was going for arms, we'd be put out of business." He is probably right. The American government has begun to crack down on aid to Irish militants, despite the ef- forts of defense lawyers like New York City Council President Paul O'Dwyer and other sympathetic to the IRA. Last year, for example, four Irishmen living in New York were charged with trying to ship 150 rifles to Ulster and jailed. l i To The Daily: THE CDU HAS consistently charged the Internationale Union with interfering with and exercising undue influence over the affairs of Local 2001. Indi- viduals have been attacked for seeking and taking advice from the International Union. Yet how many of us have ever be- longed to a union? How many of us can honestly say we un- derstand what unionism is? How many of us can honestly say we understand and have experience in the processes of collective bargaining and griev- ance handling? Should we really learn how to function through the process of trial and error? We chose to join the UAW be- cause we did not believe we could make it on our own and because we felt the UAW had the most to offer us. Now that we have joined we suddenly seem to feel we can make it on our own. We seem to feel that the years of experience and re- sources the UAW has to offer Letters. Angola To The Daily: SINCE OCTOBER, AN arm- ed force of white mercenaries, organized by the rightist Portu- guese Liberation Army, financ- ed by the CIA and launched from South African-held areas, has been waging an attack n the "People's Republic of An- gola," the government set up in Luanda by the Soviet-backed, Cuban - staffed MPLA. To cre- ate a neo-colonialist regime in competition with the PRA, the U.S.@South Africa axis effected a paper unification of the rival Angolan independence move- ments - the virulently anti- communist, Zaire - based FNLA and the pro-imperialist UNITA --in a puppet "Democratic Peo- ple's Republic." This despicab- le power play by U. S. imper- ialism and its toadies, aimed at containing Soviet influence and establishing a buffer zone of conservative regimes to pro- tect white-dominated South Af- rica, must be stonned! The SYL stands for the military victorv to T Soviet Union to provide the MPLA with all aid necessary to defeat the imperialist-led forc- es. UNLIKE THE USSR and its U. S. supporters, the CP/YWLL, we do not give the least politi- cal confidence to the MPLA. The anti-working class nature of the MPLA was clearly ex- posed earlier this year when it broke the pro-MPLA dock work- ers' strike and courted imper- ialism. And the MPLA has al- ready vowed to treat the Ba- kongo people in the north as a Biafran-type successionist movement. While we oppose all forms of national oppression, we do not support petty-bour- geois nationalism, which aims only to create its own capital- ist regime; instead, we seek the creation of a revolutionary working class party that would struggle for a socialist Angola. Furthermore, before October, we did not take the side of the MPLA which, despite its left- nationalist rhetoric, was not qualitatively more progressive th i net-irm,.at-i ,i.qs e Daily THE COUNTER-revolutionary C h i n e s e bureaucracy for months has been aiding the FNLA, whose stated intention is to massacre "every single communist" in Angola. In its driving desire for "peace- ful coexistence" with U. S. im- perialism, the Peking Stalin- ists are concerned only with blocking the influence of so-call- ed "Soviet social imperialism." Now that the fight against the Soviet-backed MPLA is being waged from Washington and Pretoria, China's treacherous role has passed from training FNLA troops to lining up be.. hind U. S. imperialism and the South African apartheid regime. Mao's unrecognized support- ers in the U.S., the RCP-RSB, after having ignored the war in Angola in their press for months, finally came out to denounce both "superpowers." Together with Mao and imper- inlist - henchman Kissinger, the RCP-RSB demands the with- drawal of Soviet aid and Cuban troops but "forgets" to call for the withdrawal of the CIA- in Luanda, and supported by the peasant masses, will wipe out capitalist exploitation, national oppression and construct a so- cialist federation of southern Africa. We are holding a forum on Monday, January 26 at 7:30 pm in the Michigan Union Ku- euzel Room to discuss perspec- tives for the struggle in Ango- la. Spartacus Youth League Jan. 15, 1975 A clarification; An article on yesterday's Editorial Page con- cerning the 1976 presidential race incorrectly stated that Jim- my Carter, former governor of Georgia, isslied an executive order in April. 1971 proclaiming "Aneriean Fighting Men Day" to honor Lt. William Calley. Instead, the resolition honored all American servicemen in the wv-ke of the "dist'urbing".events sr-rrow'ninr My Tal and Calley's convi-tion for killing 22 Viet- namese civilians. A W P * IM m MR