MW Mti443zrun OtZUti
Eighty-Six Years of Editorial Freedom
420 Maynard St., Ann Arbor, MI 48104

Tuesday, March 16, 1976

News Phone: 764-0552

Edited and managed by students at the University of Michigan


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PUS ~oW 4IN 1MAE "04E iROWS CO
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Spain 's
By PAUL O'DONNELL
WITH FRANCO DEAD, Portugal lean-
ing leftward, and Italy's people vot-
ing Communist in greater and greater
proportions, interest is increasing in
Western Europe's least democratic na-
tion. What will tomorrow's Spain be
like ?
"Revolution" is a word that holds
many images to anyone who has ever
seen "The Battleship Poltemkine," or
read about the life of Che Guevara. Ob-
viously, the reality of a revolution is
quite different. Spain, which suffered
approximately one million deaths in its
own civil war-revolution, shies away
from repeating such an event, even if
the people are not always happy about
the "regimen" (government). The image
of the hauty Spaniard, standing up for
his ideals like a torero facing a bull, and
shouting "Viva la Muerte" as he dies,
though in part valid, is in no way a
typical representation of modern day in-
habitants of this Mediterranean nation.
The Spanish "character", and I use the
word with caution, is changing.
The Classical Iberia of beret-wearing
Castillian goat farmers, toothless Anda-
lusian olive pickers, and a cloisters, con-
vents, and three - cornered "Guardia
Civil" hats appearing over the horizon,
still exists, but there are many other
Spains.
There is the new Spain of Small
"SEAT" cars and Olivetti typewriters,
Zanussi appliances and clover leaf high-
way entrances, subway riding nine to
fivers, and newspaper reading city
dwellers, for example. Though the ma-
terial possessions of a Madrid or Bar-
celona suburbanite may seem unimport-
ant to a New Yorker or Detroiter who's
always had that and much, much (too

future cool,

a -
by PAUL TASSIE
much) more, to the son of a dirt farm-
er from Badajoz who lived through
the post-war famine, and whose brother
emigrated to Germany, these gains are
ones he wouldn't want to risk in an un-
stabilizing political venture. Who can
blame a Spaniard for enjoying the kinds
of material advantages which many
Europeans had twenty years ago? No
matter how much he might dislike the
current regime, why should he start an-
other bloody revolution "to rid our-
selves of the chains which the Fran-
quists have put upon us?"
IN 1936, TWO SPAINS confronted one
another; they have been called the
forces of "change" and the forces of
"tradition." Others call them the forces
of nationalism and internationalism, or
revolution and reaction. Whatever these
two forces were, the current politico-so-
cial situation in Spain is considerably
more complex. The creation of a "buffer


class," the new urban and suburban
bourgeoisie, would have a lot to lose in
either a right wing or left wing coup or
revolution. Any two factions wishing to
confront one another on the battlefield
as they did in the 1930's, would have to
do so despite the wishes of this buffer
class.
Though often in disagreement with
Iberia author James Michener's views
on Spain, I respect highly what he said
about political turmoil there. An Anda-
lusian told Michener that the real trou-
ble wouldn't come from the big cities,
and that after Franco died, there would
be "flashy headlines," but that any trou-
ble would be easily handled. Atheistic
Andalusia, according to the Spaniard,
would be the real trouble spot. To this
Michener replied that he though most or
all of the daring souls in poor Andalucia
have emigrated to the European coun-
tries.
Michener's point of view is supported
by figures and facts. According to the
geography department at the University
of Barcelona, the money sent into Spain
by emigrant laborers is the country's
number two source of revenue, second
only to tourism. There are only esti-
mates as to how many Spaniards left,
and are still leaving Spain, for economic
reasons.
In case these reasons aren't enough
to convince Hemingway readers and re-
volutionary enthusiasts that violent po-
litical change is possible but hardly pro-
bable in Spain, there is the example of
Portugal. A revolutionary example to en-
courage the Spaniards? Or a confused
and confusing situation that is scaring
away tourists, foreign investors, and
American military bases? Whatever
your point of view might be, there is

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Red Squads: New American

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Don't slash mail service

THE POSTAL SERVICE has floated
a few trial balloons during the
past few months concerning possible
cutbacks in their already intoler-
ably poor mail delivery. While the
proposals are probably a ploy to per-
suade the Ford Administration to
hike federal subsidies for the foun-
dering Service, they should go no
further than the present talking
stages.
As one cost-cutting gimmick, the
Postal Service says mail deliveries
could be cut back to a scanty three
a week. This would presumably save
labor costs, but it would also repre-
sent a massive inconvenience for
business and individuals who must
rely on daily mail service for a vast
number of personal or economic rea-
sons.
We can see one potential problem
with the proposal right in our own
offices. Like many newspapers, The
Daily relies on mail deliveries for a
healthy portion of its subscriptions.
Under the three-day-a-week plan, a
newspaper reader might receive
Tuesday's news as late as Thursday,
just in time to wrap the garbage.
Daily mail delivery is essential to
many other institutions where speed
is an essential factor in smooth op-
eration.

THE POSTMASTER General has
also warned that a first-class
postage stamp may carry a 23-cent
price tag in four years. The time is
fast approaching, unfortunately,
when the Postal Service's rates will
simply not match the value of the
service they provide, for the mail
service has become slower and slow-
er, and less reliable.
The current incompetence of the
postal service is staggering. Just yes-
terday ,a spokesman for the Chicago
post office said their new billion-dol-
lar mail-handling system has mang-
led 3.7 million items - losing pack-
ages such as books from their origi-
nal wrappers. Similar problems were
discovered in the Detroit post office
earlier this month.
What we need is a commitment to
lmorovement--faster delivery with
fewer screw-ups-and not ill-thought
threats designed to scare the govern-
ment and, the public into providing
unnecessarily high aid.
TODAY'S STAFF:
News: Mitch Dunitz, Michael Jordan,
Stuart McConnell, Rob Meachum,
Jeff Ristine, Jim Tobin, Bill Turque.
Editorial Page: Stephen Hersh, Tom
Stevens
Arts Page: Jeff Sorensen
Photo Technician: Steve Kagan

By RICHARD GUTMAN
and DAVID OSBORNE
'HICAGO, (PNS) - W h i l e
C pugresicaattfntiofouses on
Congressional investigations of
FBI and CIA abuses, illegal ac-
tivities by what may be the na-
tion's largest army of political
spies - local police "R e d
Squads" -have gone virtually
unnoticed at the national level.
Two hundred of these political
intelligence units from almost
every major American city be-
long to the federally-funded Law
Enforcement Intelligencce Unit,
through which they exchange fil-
es and other information.
Where investigations of R e d
Squads have taken place, vio-
lations of the law have been
routinely documented.
In Chicago last fall a Special
Grand Jury charged the Chica-
go Red Squad with illegal burg-
laries and wiretapping, infiltra-
tion of groups engaged in no
criminal activity, incitement to
violence and aid to a right-wing
terrorist organization engaged in
harassment of the left.
The Grand Jury said the ac-
tivity had "all the earmarks of
a police state."
SEVERAL WEEKS after the
report was released, a class ac-
tion lawsuit produced documents
proving the police department
had established a "neutraliza-
tion" program to "expose, cause
to cease or change in directeion
. . . anti-social groups," among
them the National Lawyers
Guild.
* The San Diego City Council
is beginning hearings this month
to investigate its Red Squad, fol-
lowing press mention of its role
in helping the FBI fund a right-
wing organization which terror-
ized the left in the early '70's.
The publicity resulted largely
from a report submitted to Sen-
ator Church's Select Committee
on Intelligence last summer by

the American Civil Liberties Un-
ion (ACLU), based on evidence
gathered for a lawsuit.
According to the ACLU re-
port, the San Diego Red Squad
worked closely with the Secret
Army Organization in a cam-
paign of break-ins and bomb-
ings, culminating in a night-
time shooting raid which left a
victim permanently without the
use of one arm.
THE RED SQuad then moved
to prevent a full investigation
of the incident. Later, two
Red Squad members plannedtun-
successfully to assassinate ano-
ther leading San Diego radical,
as one of the agents later ad-
mitted to the target and a local
newspamer reporter.
* In Houston a recent grand
jiury investigation found exten-
sire police surveillance from
within the local telenhone com-
nanv - resulting in files on over
1.000 citizens with no criminal
records, including city counicl
and school board members.
* And in Michigan a c i r c u i t
court Judge recently discovered
the Michigan State Police R e d
Satad had files on over 200,000
citizens. He declared the Squad
"nconstitutionsl and ordered the
files destroyed.
Red Squads have also been
investigated during the I a s t
vear by state legislatures
in Marvland and New York: by
city councils in Detroit, New
York and Washington, D.C.;
and by coumty grand juries in
Indianapolis and Baltimore.
CLASS ACTION lawsuits have
been filed in Los Angeles, Phil-
adelnhia, New York, Chicago,
Kansas City, Houston and De-
troit.
In most cases extensive coon-
ermtion between local Red
Sotnads and federal agencies -
nartici'larly the FBI - has been
documented. Files have been

freely exchanged and agencies
have often worked together in
disruption tactics.
The Rockefeller report on the
CIA and recent documents ob-
tained by the Washington Star
News show the CIA has also held
special sembinars for p o I i c e
officials and trained domestic
police departments in clandes-
'In Michigan, a ci r-
cuit judge recently dis-
covered the Michigan
State Police Red Squad
spy organization h ad
files on over 200,000
citizens. He declared
the Squad unconstitu-
tional and ordered the
files destroyed.'
tine operations such as burglary
and safe-cracking.
Local investigations demon-
strated a consistent pattern of
Red Squad activity across t h e
countrly, including infiltration,
electronic surveillance, disrup-
tion and the occasional use of
right-wing terrorists. Few of the
Red Squad targets have been
engaged in criminal activity.
In Chicago the Red Squad in-
filtrated civil rights groups like
J e s s e Jackson's Operation
PUSH, community groups like
the Organization for a Better
Austin and civic watchdogs like
the Alliance to End Repression.
THE GRAND JURY, pointing
ot that all "at one time or ano-
ther were critical of the policies
of the Mayor of Chicago," con-
cluded that "the true motivation
for spying on community groups
was political."

Infiltrators not only s
ted reports on membershi
dership and financial so
but in several cases we
structed to assume lead
roles in the groups they
trated.
Electronic surveillance
been discovered with equt
quency. Manufacturers o
tronic surveillance equi
testified recently before tl
tional Wiretap Commissio
half their sales are to pol
partmetns in jurisdictions
wiretapping is illegal.
The total number of
Squad files resulting from
ligence opereations is secr
recent announcementsc
purges suggest staggerin
bers. Last April the LosA
Public Disorder Intelligen
vision destroyed nearly to
lion "outdated and irrel
index cards; in 1973, af
ing sued, the New York
Red Squad purged rough
million cards.
NEW YORK CITY C o
President Paid O'Dwyer
the police still maintain
active cards, with infor
on groups including th
gress on Racial Equali
National Association fort
vancement of ColoredI
the American Jewisht
and the ACLU.
Disruption of communi
political organizations ha
surfaced repeatedly. Th
cago Grand Jury repo,
nounces the use of agen
vacateurs - one of whon
urged members of thea
zation he had infiltrate
risen to nreside over t
nolice officers, demons
the most strategic nlacef
pers in downtown Chicag
In Detroit several peo
sting the Red Squad foi
edly giving their employ

E
-I
by PAUL TASSIE
little doubt that Spain in 1976 is not a
replica of 1917 Russia of Cuba in the
late 1950s'
MANY FORCES AND personalities
surround the young Prince Juan Car-
los and his ministers. The influences are
as subtle as they are surreptitious.
The prince's own personality, the tra-
ditional though not monolithic army, the
changing role of the Catholic church,
Spain's young oepple, America's desire
to see a country it uses as a military
base become more democratic, and the
wishes of the common market countries
are all factors that will shape Spain's fu-
ture. But this observer doesn't see
armed revolution as being on the agenda
in the forseeable future.
LSA senior Paul O'Donnell, who
writes regularly for The Daily's Editor-
ial Page, has studied at the Universiti
of Barcelona.
fascists
ubmit- formation about their political
ip, lea- activities, leading to their dis-
ources, missal.
ere in-
dership The San Diego Red Squad, ac-
pene- cording to the ACLU report, car-
ried on a continuing campaign
of disruption against anti-war
h as leftists, including pressure on
al fre- landlords and employers and the
f elec- use of informers.
iipment
he Na- The most serious disruption-
on that both in San Diego and Chicago-
ice de- was carried on by right-wing
where terrorist organizations working
with Red Squads.
R e d IN CHICAGO the Grand Jury
n intel- found evidence that Red Squad
ret, but members had aided the right-
of file wing Legion of Justice in sev-
g num- eral burglaries against I e f t
Angeles groups, watched as Legion mem-
nce Di- bers assaulted people in those
wo mil- groups and gave Legion mem-
evant" bers tear gas grenades which
ter be- were exloded at performances
C i t y of the Russian Moiseyev Danc-
ly one ers and the Chinese Shenyang
Acrobatic Troupe.
u n c i t Lawers in the ACLU case
claims think San Diego's Red Squad -
240,000 and perhaps others - was be-
rmation ine used in a national effort, co-
e Con- ordinated first by the FBI and
ty, the later by the White House, to
the Ad- make war on the left.
People, Pointing to a "striking resem-
Council hlance" between events in San
Diego and Nixon administration
ity and nronosals to heighten anti-left
as also intelligence and disrution, they
e Chi- hope to subpoena high officials
rt d e - in the Nixon adminstration to
its pro- discover whether the San Diego
m even Red Sanad was part of a cen-
organi- tralized network of intimidation
d and and harassment.
o shoot
strating Richard Gutman is Director
for snm- of the Citizens Alert Police Liti-

ple are gation Project in Chicago and
r alleg- David Osborne is an editor at
yers in- Pacific News.


Letters

to

T'he

Daily

employment
To The Daily:
IN THE PAST year many
people have encountered a situ-
ation new to them: Unemploy-
ment. Because people who are
unemployed often feel that be-
ing out of work is their own
fault, they become isolated and
immobilized. Unemployment has
his people who have been work-
ing at the same job for years
as well as people just entering
the job market.
The Washtenew County Un-
employed Council ((WCUC) was
formed last spring by employed
and unemployed persons in the
area to bring people together to
work on the problems of the
unemployed. The WCUC has
worked to provide a source of
advocacy and mutual support
for the unemployed as well as
to increase public awareness of
the problems of unemployment.
We have referred numerous un-
employed persons to legal as-
cA iel-.n,, -nnl r, ,.v, ,

MESC and throughout the com-
munity.
The Washtenaw County Un-
employed Council is now at a
most crucial point in its devel-
opment. We have been working
totally with volunteers up to
now but will soon have a full-
time coordinator. However, at
the same time as this step for-
ward, we are faced by a set-
back. We had been using space
in the Model Cities office on N.
4th Avenue as our base of op-
erations and for meetings. At
the end of January Model Cities
ceased to occupy that location
so the WCUC no longer has an
office or a place for our week-
ly meetings.
We are appealing to you in
the Ann Arbor community for
assistance. We have no budget
for office space at this time.
If you know of possible free
office space available to the
WCUC, please call 665-3122 im-
mediately.
Larry Bassett
me.hta.s C-un

portunity to heap lies and abuse
upon China's people and the na-
ture of her state. About two
weeks ago, a letter was printed
here that once again utlized
distortions and lies about Peo-
ple's China to attack socialism,
the rule of the working class.
The letter stated that in China,
"...divorce is permitted only
when 'in the interests of the
People's Republic', homosexu-
ality is suppressed and pre-mar-
ital sex is punishable by a six-
month jail term!" I would like
to respond to these distortions
with some of the facts.
To analyze the nature of sex-
ual attitudes and customs in
China, it is useless to use Amer-
ican standards as a ruler. Chi-
na's moral traditions have al-
ways been very strict and alien
to American culture. We must
look first at China's heritage
from the past 2,500 years of
Confucian tradition, dictating
absolute subserviance of all
women to men, and proclaiming

marriage, and has succeeded in
eliminating the double standard
in regards to morality. The Chi-
nese people are building a new
type of society, a socialist so-
ciety, not according to the situ-
ation in other countries or the
desires of foreign critics, but
according to China's own ways
and needs. Thousands of years
of feudal tradition are not dis-
persed overnight, nor in 26
years for that matter. The Chi-
nese government has passed no
laws, nor does it seek to enforce
any standards, in the realm of
pre-marital sex. It has always
been, and remains, purely the
private affair of the individual.
Copies of the Marriage Law '(in
its early stages known as the
Divorce Law because it allowed
countless women to rid them-
selves of husbands they had not
chosen and did not love) are
available in the United States.
It provides for marriage of
women at eighteen, men at
twenty, free birth control for
mrip nniD ,mle..nrnvriAdd b

and treated through community
care and sometimes psychiatric
treatment. However, homesexu-
als are not oppressed in terms
of jobs or discrimination, and
in fact are encouraged to work
and participate in society.
Having visited People's China
myself, I can say from personal
experience that China's women
enjoy full child care available
anywhere, anytime, along with
maternity benefits, and pensions
equal to men's. In most areas,
women get equal pay for equal
work, and in recent years many
more women have been taking
up political posts in and out of
the party, all the way up to the
Central Committee.
China is not a blueprint for
other countries to mirror; it is
a struggling young country that
indeed has its problems. How-
ever, China's outstanding
achievements in industry and
agriculture, low-cost widespread
health care that has wiped out
diseases we in the U.S. can

"\W 4 , 71 IMMEMMOMMEM